The Middle The Middle AgesAges

Dark Ages, Medieval Dark Ages, Medieval PeriodPeriod

From _______ to _________From _______ to _________1066 1485

The Norman ConquestThe Norman Conquest

1)1) The Norman Conquest took place in ______ at the The Norman Conquest took place in ______ at the ____________________. It lasted ______.____________________. It lasted ______.

2)2) King _________ of England and Duke ___________ of King _________ of England and Duke ___________ of Normandy (France) both fought over the ______________. Normandy (France) both fought over the ______________. Because ______________, the previous king, died without Because ______________, the previous king, died without an heiran heir, each thought he had been promised , each thought he had been promised the crownthe crown. .

3)3) _______ won._______ won.

1066

Battle of Hastings, England

1 DAY

Harold William

Throne of England

King Edward

William

The Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest continuedcontinued

4)4) This battle had a dramatic effect on English This battle had a dramatic effect on English ____________________. ____________________.

5)5) The Duke of Normandy, also known as William the The Duke of Normandy, also known as William the ________, did not wish to eliminate the Anglo-Saxons. ________, did not wish to eliminate the Anglo-Saxons. Instead, he wanted to _____ them. Instead, he wanted to _____ them.

6)6) As a result of this wish, the two societies ______ As a result of this wish, the two societies ______ (combined into one).(combined into one).

history, language, and culture

Conqueror

rule

merged

The Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest continuedcontinued

7)7) The Normans brought ___________ ability, ______, The Normans brought ___________ ability, ______, and cultural _____ to the new society.and cultural _____ to the new society.

8)8) The Anglo-Saxons brought __________________ The Anglo-Saxons brought __________________ tendencies to the new society. tendencies to the new society.

administrative law and order

unity

democratic and artistic

The Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest continuedcontinued

9)9) One of William’s greatest administrative feats was the One of William’s greatest administrative feats was the ____________, an inventory of nearly all English ____________, an inventory of nearly all English _________ (land, cattle, buildings, etc.). This great _________ (land, cattle, buildings, etc.). This great achievement made it possible for people to be _____ for achievement made it possible for people to be _____ for the first time in European history. the first time in European history.

10)10) The joining of the Normans with the Anglo-Saxon culture The joining of the Normans with the Anglo-Saxon culture formed a powerful __________entity that brought formed a powerful __________entity that brought England into the ________ of European ________.England into the ________ of European ________.

Domesday Book

propertytaxed

Anglo-Norman

mainstream

civilization

The Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest continuedcontinued

11)11) King William took the holdings of land, cattle, etc. from King William took the holdings of land, cattle, etc. from the fallen _______ landowners and gave these to the the fallen _______ landowners and gave these to the __________.__________.

12)12) These noblemen brought with them the ______________ These noblemen brought with them the ______________ and a new ___________ called feudalism that displaced and a new ___________ called feudalism that displaced the Anglo-Saxon culture described in such writings as the Anglo-Saxon culture described in such writings as ______.______.

English

French nobility

French languagesocial system

Beowulf

FeudalismFeudalism

13)13) Feudalism involved different kinds of systems: the ____ Feudalism involved different kinds of systems: the ____ system, a social ranking based on birth, job; the property system, a social ranking based on birth, job; the property system and the _____ system.system and the _____ system.

14)14) Feudalism was based on a religious concept of a ________ Feudalism was based on a religious concept of a ________ with ______ being the supreme overlord. Because of this, with ______ being the supreme overlord. Because of this, the people believed that the king was placed into power the people believed that the king was placed into power by_____ and so he was authorized to rule and hold land by_____ and so he was authorized to rule and hold land by __________.by __________.

caste

military

hierarchy

God

God

divine right

FeudalismFeudalism continued continued

15)15) The structure of feudalism can best be visualized as a _______, The structure of feudalism can best be visualized as a _______, with God on the top, then the _____, then the knights who with God on the top, then the _____, then the knights who owned ______, then the ________ knights, other vassals (those owned ______, then the ________ knights, other vassals (those under the protection of a ___________ to whom he has vowed under the protection of a ___________ to whom he has vowed homage and extreme loyalty), and lastly ______. Each person homage and extreme loyalty), and lastly ______. Each person was a vassal to the one above him, for example, the King was a was a vassal to the one above him, for example, the King was a vassal of God and the serf was a vassal of his overlord, the vassal of God and the serf was a vassal of his overlord, the landless knights, the landed knights, the King and God. landless knights, the landed knights, the King and God.

16)16) Each vassal owed economic and/or military _________ to his Each vassal owed economic and/or military _________ to his overlord. Vassals who chose to _______their overlord, or overlord. Vassals who chose to _______their overlord, or _____ overloads who couldn’t control their people, could cause _____ overloads who couldn’t control their people, could cause feudalism to break down.feudalism to break down.

triangleKing

land landlessfeudal lord serfs

allegiancedisobey

weak

FeudalismFeudalism continued continued

17)17) If the vassals don’t _______their oaths of ______ to their If the vassals don’t _______their oaths of ______ to their overlords, knights would fight with each other and overlords, knights would fight with each other and _________ would prevail._________ would prevail.

18)18) Even with its faults, ________ gave this time period a Even with its faults, ________ gave this time period a _________ of form (structure) and ___________ that _________ of form (structure) and ___________ that permeated ____________.permeated ____________.

honor loyalty

anarchy

feudalism

social order

manners and artliterature and life

FeudalismFeudalism continued continued

19)19) The primary duty of every male above serf class was a The primary duty of every male above serf class was a _______________ to his overlord. These males were trained at _______________ to his overlord. These males were trained at an early age (from around age 7) to become ________. Not an early age (from around age 7) to become ________. Not every boy could become a knight, only those whose parents every boy could become a knight, only those whose parents were ________enough to buy him a horse, armor, and weapons. were ________enough to buy him a horse, armor, and weapons. Knights were often the sons of _________. Knights were often the sons of _________.

20)20) A knight’s education involved instruction in good _________ A knight’s education involved instruction in good _________ and ______ skills, such as ________, dancing, and playing and ______ skills, such as ________, dancing, and playing ______. He also learned to use a sword and _________ at this ______. He also learned to use a sword and _________ at this time. This training was often very harsh taking place in homes time. This training was often very harsh taking place in homes not their own to ensure the _________. At this time, he would not their own to ensure the _________. At this time, he would be known as a ______. be known as a ______.

military obligation

warriors

Rich rich nobles

mannerssocial singing

chess shield

strictnesspage

FeudalismFeudalism continued continued

21)21) At around age 14, the young boy would become a ______, At around age 14, the young boy would become a ______, a kind of personal servant to the knight. If he completed a kind of personal servant to the knight. If he completed all the training successfully, the culmination of all this all the training successfully, the culmination of all this training would result in a ______, a hard ________ to the training would result in a ______, a hard ________ to the shoulder, at which time he earns the title of _______ and shoulder, at which time he earns the title of _______ and full rights to the _______ caste.full rights to the _______ caste.

squire

dubbing testing blowknight

warrior

FeudalismFeudalism continued continued

22)22) The institute of knighthood was based on the feudal idea The institute of knighthood was based on the feudal idea of ______ and was related to a whole system of ________, of ______ and was related to a whole system of ________, the breaking of which could ___________ the knight’s the breaking of which could ___________ the knight’s position and the whole __________ of knighthood and position and the whole __________ of knighthood and government.government.

loyalty social codesundermine

institution

The Woman’s Place in The Woman’s Place in Medieval SocietyMedieval Society

23)23) A peasant woman’s place in medieval society was to do A peasant woman’s place in medieval society was to do _________________, fieldwork, and bear ____________._________________, fieldwork, and bear ____________.

24)24) A woman of higher status would __________ the house, A woman of higher status would __________ the house, estate or fieldwork and would bear children. estate or fieldwork and would bear children.

25)25) A woman was always subservient to a _____ within or A woman was always subservient to a _____ within or above her social status. That means her husband, her above her social status. That means her husband, her father, her brother or even her ________ when he became father, her brother or even her ________ when he became an adult. an adult.

housework children

supervise

man

son

The Woman’s Place in The Woman’s Place in Medieval Society Medieval Society

continuedcontinued26)26) In this primarily military system, a woman had no In this primarily military system, a woman had no

______________ rights.______________ rights.

27)27) Depending on the social standing of her male (husband, Depending on the social standing of her male (husband, father, etc.), a woman had some degree of __________.father, etc.), a woman had some degree of __________.

political or property

respect

Chivalry and Courtly Chivalry and Courtly LoveLove

28)28) Chivalry was a system of _______ and social codes that governed Chivalry was a system of _______ and social codes that governed behavior of _____________________ (upper class). Chivalry behavior of _____________________ (upper class). Chivalry included adhering to one’s ____________ to the overlord, rules of included adhering to one’s ____________ to the overlord, rules of _______ (for example, one would not attack an __________ knight _______ (for example, one would not attack an __________ knight or opponent), and ________________________ to a particular or opponent), and ________________________ to a particular lady for _____________.lady for _____________.

29)29) COURTLY LOVE is holding a lady (usually of a higher class) far COURTLY LOVE is holding a lady (usually of a higher class) far above you (on a pedestal) in order to ______ yourself. The belief above you (on a pedestal) in order to ______ yourself. The belief is that this kind of love ________ you. It is NOT sexual at all; is that this kind of love ________ you. It is NOT sexual at all; instead it is more _________. It is an _________ attitude toward instead it is more _________. It is an _________ attitude toward women, but did little to ___________ their station.women, but did little to ___________ their station.

idealsknights and gentlewomen

oath of loyaltywarfare

unarmed reverence (strong adoration)self-improvement

betterpurifies

spiritual idealizedimprove

Chivalry and Courtly Love Chivalry and Courtly Love continuedcontinued

30)30) If the boundaries between courtly love and physical love If the boundaries between courtly love and physical love were crossed, it would mean _______________ and were crossed, it would mean _______________ and _________________. The system of feudal would weaken _________________. The system of feudal would weaken and ________________.and ________________.

31)31) Chivalry was responsible for the form of literature known Chivalry was responsible for the form of literature known as _________________________ (a knight on a as _________________________ (a knight on a __________________________). __________________________).

32)32) The greatest example of this genre (type) of literature is The greatest example of this genre (type) of literature is ________________________________________, from the ________________________________________, from the King Arthur legends.King Arthur legends.

chaosanarchy collapse

Romancequest

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

New City ClassesNew City Classes

33)33) While medieval society centered around the feudal While medieval society centered around the feudal ____________________, people began to migrate to ____________________, people began to migrate to _______________________, causing new professions and _______________________, causing new professions and classes, such as tradesmen and middle class. This classes, such as tradesmen and middle class. This eventually would render feudalism eventually would render feudalism _________________________._________________________.

34)34) The new classes that developed were the The new classes that developed were the ___________________________ classes, including the ___________________________ classes, including the merchant class. merchant class.

castle

cities

obsolete

lower-middle, middle, and upper-middle

New City Classes New City Classes continuedcontinued

35)35) Evidence of each of these classes can be seen in Chaucer’s Evidence of each of these classes can be seen in Chaucer’s ____________________________________.____________________________________.

36)36) This new world was not centered around the castle, but This new world was not centered around the castle, but was defined by the ___________________ of the cities was defined by the ___________________ of the cities (London, Canterbury) and the (London, Canterbury) and the _________________________ of the people. These people _________________________ of the people. These people were ___________________ from the land; they were not were ___________________ from the land; they were not tied to the castle.tied to the castle.

Canterbury Tales

boundaries

imagination

free

New City Classes New City Classes continuedcontinued

37)37) The ________________________________ was the most The ________________________________ was the most important one emerging because the people in that class important one emerging because the people in that class had different tastes in art and had different tastes in art and ________________________ and they had the ________________________ and they had the ________________ to buy or make the products they ________________ to buy or make the products they needed. This new class produced needed. This new class produced _______________________________ . New ideas and _______________________________ . New ideas and freedom of expression of quality can be found in freedom of expression of quality can be found in _____________________________ (buildings, cathedrals, _____________________________ (buildings, cathedrals, etc.), _____________ (ballads, plays), and ________ and etc.), _____________ (ballads, plays), and ________ and craft unions. craft unions.

merchant class

ideas

money

“people’s art”

architecture

art guilds

The Great HappeningsThe Great Happenings

38)38) To understand English literature from the period of King To understand English literature from the period of King William to that of Henry VII (1485 – 1509), we must be William to that of Henry VII (1485 – 1509), we must be aware of several specific events that radically influenced aware of several specific events that radically influenced the course of English _____________________________ the course of English _____________________________ and English _______________________. The Crusades, and English _______________________. The Crusades, the martyrdom of Thomas a Becket, the Magna Carta, the martyrdom of Thomas a Becket, the Magna Carta, The One Hundred Years’ War, and the Black Death The One Hundred Years’ War, and the Black Death changed England and affected world history.changed England and affected world history.

history

life

The Great HappeningsThe Great Happenings continuedcontinued

39)39) The struggle between the ____________________ in the The struggle between the ____________________ in the 1414thth century (1300’s) was really an extension of the century (1300’s) was really an extension of the Crusades, a series of __________________________ Crusades, a series of __________________________ during the 11during the 11thth, 12, 12thth and 13 and 13thth centuries. Both groups were centuries. Both groups were fighting for ___________________________, also known fighting for ___________________________, also known as ___________. ________________________ played as ___________. ________________________ played significant roles in these Crusades, most notably significant roles in these Crusades, most notably ______________________________ who took part in the ______________________________ who took part in the 33rdrd Crusade. The _____________________ won. Crusade. The _____________________ won.

Muslims and Christians

religious wars

Jerusalem Holy Land

English Kings

Richard the Lionhearted

Muslims

The Great HappeningsThe Great Happenings continuedcontinued

40)40) A result of these wars was that English society benefitted A result of these wars was that English society benefitted from contact with ___________ , especially in the areas of from contact with ___________ , especially in the areas of Eastern ______________________________, astronomy, Eastern ______________________________, astronomy, ________________________ and crafts. This exposure led ________________________ and crafts. This exposure led to a more rich and _____________________ life.to a more rich and _____________________ life.

higher civilization

mathematics

architecturevaried

The Martyrdom of The Martyrdom of Thomas A BecketThomas A Becket

41)41) In In The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales, Chaucer’s pilgrims were going to , Chaucer’s pilgrims were going to _________________________ to visit the _________________________ to visit the __________________________________________________. __________________________________________________. Thomas a Becket was called the Holy Blissful Martyr. He was Thomas a Becket was called the Holy Blissful Martyr. He was born in 1118 and died in _______________. He was a born in 1118 and died in _______________. He was a ___________________ who rose to power (as prime minister ___________________ who rose to power (as prime minister and later Archbishop) under his friend and later Archbishop) under his friend _____________________._____________________.

42)42) During this time, all Christians belong to the During this time, all Christians belong to the ________________________ Church.________________________ Church.

43)43) The king, then, was the vassal of the ______________, who was The king, then, was the vassal of the ______________, who was the head of the church and the representative of the head of the church and the representative of ____________________ . ____________________ .

Canterburyshrine of Thomas a Becket

Roman Catholic Henry II

Roman Catholic

Pope

God

1170

The Martyrdom of The Martyrdom of Thomas A Becket Thomas A Becket

continuedcontinued44)44) Henry II appointed Thomas a Becket the Archbishop of Henry II appointed Thomas a Becket the Archbishop of

Canterbury (_____________ of the Catholic Church in Canterbury (_____________ of the Catholic Church in England) because he thought he would be able to England) because he thought he would be able to ____________________ the ___________________ through his ____________________ the ___________________ through his friend. However, Henry II underestimated Becket’s friend. However, Henry II underestimated Becket’s _______________________________ to God and the Church. _______________________________ to God and the Church. More than once, Becket sided with the More than once, Becket sided with the _______________________ rather than the _________________ _______________________ rather than the _________________ and this frustrated and angered the king.and this frustrated and angered the king.

45)45) In a fit of ___________, the king voiced his anger to his In a fit of ___________, the king voiced his anger to his knights, saying “Won’t no one __________ me of this knights, saying “Won’t no one __________ me of this _______________________ (meddlesome) priest?” The knights _______________________ (meddlesome) priest?” The knights took him seriously, and four of them entered the Canterbury took him seriously, and four of them entered the Canterbury Cathedral and __________________ Becket in the church! Cathedral and __________________ Becket in the church!

Headcontrol

Churchcommitment

church king

ragerid

troublesome

killed

The Martyrdom of The Martyrdom of Thomas A Becket Thomas A Becket

continuedcontinued46)46) Results of this rash deed impacted England: A) Thomas a Becket Results of this rash deed impacted England: A) Thomas a Becket

became a __________________ B) the public was became a __________________ B) the public was ____________________ and C) the king lost ____________________ and C) the king lost ______________________________ . ______________________________ .

47)47) At the worst, this loss of power for the king and the gain of power for At the worst, this loss of power for the king and the gain of power for the Church produced __________________ of church. This can best the Church produced __________________ of church. This can best be illustrated in several characters from The Canterbury Tales: A) be illustrated in several characters from The Canterbury Tales: A) the MONK, who lived a life of __________________ with no concern the MONK, who lived a life of __________________ with no concern for the ____________, B) the FRIAR, who chases _______________ for the ____________, B) the FRIAR, who chases _______________ and ____________________ and hangs out at _______________, and and ____________________ and hangs out at _______________, and C + D) the SUMMONER and PARDONER, who C + D) the SUMMONER and PARDONER, who ____________________ people with threats of _________________ ____________________ people with threats of _________________ damnation for __________________ or wine.damnation for __________________ or wine.

martyr outragedpower and respect

corruption

luxurypoor womenmoney bars

blackmail,eternal money

The Martyrdom of The Martyrdom of Thomas A Becket Thomas A Becket

continuedcontinued48)48) The most positive effect of the medieval Church’s power was The most positive effect of the medieval Church’s power was

that it fostered ___________________. One unifying factor was that it fostered ___________________. One unifying factor was that the Church continued to be the _____________________ that the Church continued to be the _____________________ with __________ as its language, the international tongue of with __________ as its language, the international tongue of __________________ European people. __________________ European people.

49)49) The Church’s leader, the _________, was king of all The Church’s leader, the _________, was king of all ______________, whose “kingdom” had no boundaries.______________, whose “kingdom” had no boundaries.

50)50) What was happening in the monasteries also brought unity to What was happening in the monasteries also brought unity to England: they were becoming the ______________________ England: they were becoming the ______________________ and publishers of the times.and publishers of the times.

cultural unity

center of learningLatin

educated

Popekings

libraries

The Martyrdom of The Martyrdom of Thomas A Becket Thomas A Becket

continuedcontinued51)51) The Church maintained a unified The Church maintained a unified

_____________________ and symbols that transcended _____________________ and symbols that transcended (went beyond) the __________________________ of (went beyond) the __________________________ of Europe, making people more equal, at least in church.Europe, making people more equal, at least in church.

system of beliefs

national cultures

The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta

52)52) The Magna Carta, also known as the ______________, The Magna Carta, also known as the ______________, was signed in ________ by ________________________ . was signed in ________ by ________________________ . He was __________________ to sign it by the English He was __________________ to sign it by the English ______ because they wanted the Church to have no ______ because they wanted the Church to have no power. The __________________________________ power. The __________________________________ backed King John, as he wanted the Church to retain backed King John, as he wanted the Church to retain power. The result of the king signing this document was power. The result of the king signing this document was _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________.

Great Charter

1215 King John

forced

loss of central Papal (Pope)

barons

the church lost power

The Magna Carta The Magna Carta continuedcontinued

53)53) The Magna Cara was written by ________________ for The Magna Cara was written by ________________ for _____________________ with no interest in the rights of _____________________ with no interest in the rights of __________________ people. __________________ people.

54)54) However, something good did come from this document: However, something good did come from this document: It became the basis for English It became the basis for English ________________________ where we get certain rights – ________________________ where we get certain rights – 1) trial by _______________ and 2) legislative 1) trial by _______________ and 2) legislative ______________________. ______________________.

aristocrats

aristocrats

common

constitutional law

jury

taxation

The One Hundred The One Hundred Year’s WarYear’s War

55)55) Since war is usually associated with nationalism (the nation’s Since war is usually associated with nationalism (the nation’s interests, etc.) and the Early Middle Ages had no nations as we interests, etc.) and the Early Middle Ages had no nations as we know today, the first great ________________ war was waged know today, the first great ________________ war was waged by ________________ against ___________________________. by ________________ against ___________________________. Two English kings, ______________________ and Two English kings, ______________________ and __________________________ believed they had claims to the __________________________ believed they had claims to the ___________________ throne. ___________________ throne.

56)56) This war lasted ___________ years, from __________________ This war lasted ___________ years, from __________________ to ______________________, and was fought on the continent, to ______________________, and was fought on the continent, in other words, in __________________.in other words, in __________________.

nationalEngland

Edward III

France

Henry VFrench

116 1337

1453

France

The One Hundred Year’s The One Hundred Year’s War War continuedcontinued

57)57) Three important things came out of this war: A) a Three important things came out of this war: A) a gradual development of a British _________________, B) gradual development of a British _________________, B) England became more accurately represented by the England became more accurately represented by the green-clad _____________________, with his green-clad _____________________, with his ______________________, rather that the chivalric ______________________, rather that the chivalric ______________ in armor. ______________ in armor.

58)58) The figure of the yeoman, or small landowner, came from The figure of the yeoman, or small landowner, came from ________________________ in France.________________________ in France.

national consciousness

yeomanlongbow

knight

British armies

The One Hundred Year’s The One Hundred Year’s War War continuedcontinued

59)59) The yeoman’s ___________________ and yard-long The yeoman’s ___________________ and yard-long __________________ that shot farther and could pierce __________________ that shot farther and could pierce armor helped bring about the downfall/demise of both the armor helped bring about the downfall/demise of both the _____________ and the knight as symbols of significant _____________ and the knight as symbols of significant ___________________________.___________________________.

60)60) The modern _________________________________ was The modern _________________________________ was born. By 1250, the ENGLISH LANGUANGE had spread born. By 1250, the ENGLISH LANGUANGE had spread to the _________________________ classes.to the _________________________ classes.

longbow

arrows

castle

military power

Democratic England

upper

The Black DeathThe Black Death

61)61) Three blows to feudalism include A) the Black Three blows to feudalism include A) the Black _______________ B) the Hundred Years’ War (with the _______________ B) the Hundred Years’ War (with the introduction of ______________________ and the longbow), introduction of ______________________ and the longbow), and C) the development of a universal __________________ and C) the development of a universal __________________ system (supported by the migration of people to cities).system (supported by the migration of people to cities).

62)62) Another name for the Black Death is the __________________. Another name for the Black Death is the __________________. This epidemic happened in England during a one-year period, This epidemic happened in England during a one-year period, from _________________ to _______________. It is a highly from _________________ to _______________. It is a highly _______________________ disease spread by _______________________ disease spread by ___________________ from __________________________. It ___________________ from __________________________. It caused tumors and black splotching on the skin.caused tumors and black splotching on the skin.

plaguegunpowder

monetary

Bubonic plague

1348 1349

infectious/contagiousfleas infected rats

The Black DeathThe Black Death continuedcontinued

63)63) Three effects of the bubonic plague include A) it reduced Three effects of the bubonic plague include A) it reduced England’s population by __________, B) it created a England’s population by __________, B) it created a _________________ shortage, which gave ________________ _________________ shortage, which gave ________________ more leverage/power, and ultimately led to C) the serfs’ more leverage/power, and ultimately led to C) the serfs’ __________________________ (this was the last blow to __________________________ (this was the last blow to feudalism).feudalism).

64)64) By the time Henry VII married in 1485 and reconciled the By the time Henry VII married in 1485 and reconciled the warring Houses of York and Lancaster, the warring Houses of York and Lancaster, the __________________ had officially ended. Henry VII, a strong __________________ had officially ended. Henry VII, a strong king, was first in the __________________ lineage. The king, was first in the __________________ lineage. The _________________ would lead to the beginning of the _________________ would lead to the beginning of the Renaissance, with ________________________________ ruling.Renaissance, with ________________________________ ruling.

1/3labor serfs

freedom

Middle Ages

Tudors Tudors

Queen Elizabeth I

The Black Death The Black Death continuedcontinued

65)65) A major event happened in 1450 that A major event happened in 1450 that __________________ the world: the invention of the __________________ the world: the invention of the ______________________ (moveable type) by Johann ______________________ (moveable type) by Johann Gutenberg in Germany.Gutenberg in Germany.

revolutionized

printing press