the mesozoic was really cool
DESCRIPTION
The Mesozoic was really cool. Mesozoic. Dinosaurs. First (reported) dinosaur discovery. Megalosaurus. Sir Richard Owen (1804 – 1892). Dinosaur. Victorian Megalosaurus. ‘Modern’ Megalosaurus. Megalosaurus. Archosaurs (all). Archosaurs (fossil). Archosaurs. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Mesozoic was really cool
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Mesozoic
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Dinosaurs
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First (reported) dinosaur discovery
Megalosaurus
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Sir Richard Owen (1804 – 1892)
Dinosaur
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Victorian Megalosaurus
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‘Modern’ Megalosaurus
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Megalosaurus
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Archosaurs (all)
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Archosaurs (fossil)
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Archosaurs
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Archosaurs and a few others (fossil)
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Diapsida (living)
Archosaurs
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The big picture
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The big picture – a little more readable….
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The big picture – a little more readable….
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† Stem diapsids
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The big picture – a little more readable….
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† RhynchosaursProto - archosaurs
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† Rhynchosaurs
Proto - archosaurs
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The big picture – a little more readable….
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Defining the Archosauria
*antorbital fenestra*mandibular fenestra*4th trochanter
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antorbital fenestra
mandibular fenestra
Defining the Archosauria
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alligator Tyrannosaurus
4th trochanter
Defining the Archosauria
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Teeth in sockets
Defining the Archosauria
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serrated teeth
Defining the Archosauria
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†“Thecodonts”
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†“Thecodonts” Proto – archosaurs ?
Primitive archosaurs ?
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Crocodilians
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Crocodilians
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Mesozoic crocodilians
Simosuchus
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Mesozoic crocodilians
Deinosuchus
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Dinosaurs (sensu stricto)
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Dinosauria
Dinosauria
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Defining the Dinosauria
S-shaped neck
Forelimbs shorter than hindlimbs
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About a dozen skeletal features
Defining the Dinosauria
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Megalosaurus
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Iguanodon
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Iguanodon
Megalosaurus
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Othniel Charles Marsh (1831 – 1899)
Edward Drinker Cope (1840 – 1897)
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Dinosaur expedition – ca. 1870s
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Dinosaur expedition – ca. 1990s
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Classic Dinosaurs
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Charles Robert Knight (1874 – 1953)
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Charles Robert Knight
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Robert T. Bakker
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OLD
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NEW
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OLD
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OLD
New
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OLD
New
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OLD
New
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“Modern” Dinosaurs
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“Dinosaurs” – 2 major groups
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Saurischians Ornithischians
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Ornithischians
Saurischians
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Ornithischians “bird hips”
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Saurischians “lizard hips”
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Saurischia Ornithischia
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Saurischians
Ornithischians
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Ornithischia
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Saurischia Ornithischia
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Ornithischia
Predentary
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Ornithischia
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Ornithischia
Ornithischia
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Stegasaurs
Ornithischia
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Ankylosaurs
Ornithischia
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Hadrosaurs
Ornithischia
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Hadrosaurs
Parasaurolophus
Ornithischia
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Pachyacephalosaurs
Ornithischia
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?
Ornithischia
…it’s a guy thing
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Ceratopsians
Ornithischia
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Do behaviors and ecology and life history fossilize?
Ornithischia
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Hadrosaur nest
Ornithischia
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Hadrosaurs
visual displays?
vocalizations?
Ornithischia
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Gastroliths
Psittacosaurus
Ornithischia
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Psittacosaurus
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Saurischians
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Saurischians
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Saurischia Ornithischia
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subnarial foramentDefining the Saurichia
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subnarial foramenDefining the Saurichia
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Elongation of neck
All sorts of vertebral and forelimb modifications
Defining the Saurichia
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Saurischian – two major groups
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Sauropodomorphs
Saurischia
Theropods
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Sauropodomorphs
Saurischians
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Sauropodomorphs
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Sauropodomorphs
Saurischians
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Apatosaurus
“Brontosaurus”
A tail of two heads
Saurischians
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Camarasaurus
Apatosaurus
A tail of two heads
Saurischians
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wrong skull
Correct skull
Yale Peabody Museum
“Brontosaurus”
“Apatosaurus”
Saurischians
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Brontosaurus
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Apatosaurus
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Sauropod niches
Saurischians
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Gastroliths
Saurischians
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Ornithischia
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Theropods (non-avian)
Saurischians
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Theropods
Saurischians
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Three major types
Saurischians
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Tyrannosaurus1. Slow moving
Ceratosaurus
Saurischians
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2. Fast moving graspers
Saurischians
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Fast moving graspers
Deinocheirus
Saurischians
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3. Dromeosauridshind-claw-slashers
Saurischians
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Velociraptor
Saurischians
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Feathers?
Saurischians
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Classic Velociraptor
Saurischians
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“Modern” Velociraptor
Saurischians
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Oviraptor
Saurischians
taxonomy is sometimes unfair
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Oviraptor
Saurischians
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Mesozoic Diapsids – a little clean-up
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We actually aren’t dinosaurs
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Pterosaurs
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Archosaurs
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Origins?
Smallish, arboreal, basal archosaurs
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Quetzalcoatlus
13 m wingspan
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Quadrupedal
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How large?
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Hatzegopteryx
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How small?
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Nemicolopterus
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Paleobiology
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Hollow bones
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Air sacs
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Keeled sternum
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Nervous system
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Some where fuzzy
Pycnofibres
warm blooded?
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Social animals?
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Pterosaur egg
Little known about reproduction
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Flight
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Flight
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Relationship with Birds?
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Sadly – they are extinct
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Sauropterygians (Plesiosaurs)
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Sauropterygians (Plesiosaurs)
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Sauropterygians
Close to Lepidosaurs
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Origin?Pachypleurosaurs
Keichousaurus
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Kronosaurus 7 – 12 m
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Plesiosaurus
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Mary Anning (1799 – 1847)
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Loch Ness
South Pacific - 1977
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Off New Zealand - 1977
Sauropterygian ?
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Sadly – it’s a basking shark
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A rotting basking shark
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Mosasaurs
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Mosasaurs
Mosasaurs
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Ichtyosaurs
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Ichthyosaurs
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embryo
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Ichthyosaur and prey
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Mary Anning - again
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Convergent Evolution
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Niche convergence