the medeval period1

8/13/2019 The Medeval Period1

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The Medieval Age

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THE MEDEVAL PERIOD

**Called Middle Ages, between the time was crucified and his return.**

****Medus Aeum**** means Middle Age.

Ancient EuropeThe Beginnings to 450 AD. Collapse of Roman Empire.

**The Middle Ages**

Medieval over all Period 450 AD - to Renaissance.

Began in the ca. 1430s.

Lasted 1,000 years. 450 AD1430AD.

Coronation of

In Tuscany.

Called the middle Ages by the people from period between the time Christ crucified and when they

thought Christ would return.

Within the Medieval Period was the Dark Ages.

**The Manor System** - Environment and Socioeconomic social system began in France, Spain,

Holland. Local Lords govern over regions.

The Dark Ages 1sthalf of medieval Ages.

The Germanics come to control living in Europe. Church held records for years until the Renaissance

Period, Church released them.

The Germanic tribes settle down, had become Nomadic.


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Ireland- Celts, Tutans, Germanic people CIMBRI, assimilate with the Firbolgs.

Spain- Visogoths, Northern Spain.

VandalsCentral and Northern Spain.

Assimilate with Basques

Mediterranean People

**France**

Franks

ASSIMILATE

Gauls

**Italy**

Ostrogoths

Wesogoths

Burgundians

Lombards/ Assimilate with the Mediterraneans

**Scandinavians** Jutland, Norway

Sweden, Denmark

GOTHS

**England**

Angles-Jutes

Saxons

Assimilate with Celts

Brittons


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**732AD** Battle of Tours Every Frankish male 16 and over fights to defend against the

Moors.

Tricks the Muslims, attack center line, enveloped them and kicked their ass. Pursues them back

toPyreneesMountains to Navarre. Content to defend from them. Builds forts along this area.

740AD1490s AD Will witness in Spain The Reconquista. (Re conquest of Christians against

Muslims) over control of Iberia.

Defeated Moors 732ADRuns into North Spain, foothills, hammered down to Iberia Spain.

Won the Battle of Tours.

Pepin III The ShortShort Reign 740s AD,died of sudden heart attack. Oldest son of CharlesMartel. Great relationship with the Pope. Became defender of the church.

742ADExtend Empire to N. Italy, married Italian Princess. Acquire portions of Northern Italy

Burgundies.

Get foothold on Alps Mountains.

**They had 2 sons. ** Colamean(Younger)

Charlemagne(Older)Was not next in line/ Womanizer, boozer, hell raiser.

Best friend was **Prussian Roland**. He was the right hand man to Charlemagne.

Colamean next in line. Wife was cunning.

Brothers were very cunning.

Dad dies, country is divided. Most to Colamean.

Charlemagne just had the perimeter. Mom favored Charlemagne, she conspires with him to gethis reputation changed, Marries well.

He was already in love with another woman, illegitimate son, who was a hunchback.

Mom arranges marriage with a Lombardian woman.

He says he will still mess around. Colamean mysteriously dies, so no longer threat.


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800 AD Christmas Day Knelt and worshipped, prayed Saint Peters Church in Rome. Popeplaces crown on him, he is the new Emperor of Romans. Leading Christian leader.

**Holy Roman Empire.**

Born Christmas Day 800AD1800 AD.

Unites Christian Kingdoms Italy, Germany, and France.

New title is very important in Christian History. Showed Charlemagne who united people after

400 years Christian Empire, unifies Christians together.

Height of the Dark Ages. Tie between French and Church.

**Charlemagne Continued** November 26, 2013

**Charlemagne** - One of the greatest rulers in world history, would reveal that it was not so

dark.

Established the Holy Roman Empire, 1,000 years. Crowned on Christmas Day 800 AD 1800 ADthe total time of the Holy Roman Empire.

Charlemagne died in 814 AD of natural causes.

As a side note it ended on Christmas day 1800 AD, by Napoleon Bonaparte, he severed it saying

it was no longer needed. Napoleon wanted his own empire.

**There was one son who survived Charlemagne, this was Louis**. No match to his father as a

fighter or as ruler. He wanted to be a Priest, but this was not allowed.Coerced into being King of Frankish Empire. Prussia to East, Cicely to South, Saxony North and

Aquitaine West.

**Holy Roman Empire was a fusion of Germany to the North and Italy to the South**.

Often saw one another as Allies.


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**Louis the Pious** - Not a strong ruler but adequate.Rules effectively. He was sickly and dies in 843AD from his illnesses.

He left behind three very aggressive sons. They were as aggressive as their grandfather

Charlemagne.

It was expected it would be taken over by **Louis the Deutschman**, his two brothers said NO.

The Nobility (Marquis), take power, lorded over the region for the King. French Knights

demand formal negotiation at end of Louis the Pious reign.

Meet in Verdun, East of Paris France. This was a gateway to France. City of commerce and

trade, was known as patron of the Arts.

**843AD** - Marquis meet here in spring for Treaty of Verdun. Divide and subdivide area.

West- **Charles the Bald** the middle son takes over France.

**Lothair** Takes over central area, (Alps Mountains), Switzerland, Belgium, Holland, andNorthern Italy are under him.

Southern Italy under Sicily, Kingdom of two Eiclies?? Under Holy Roman Empire.

**Louis the German** - Prussia, Saxony, German Provinces.

Will not feud militarily, politically yes.

Would come to stand together against the Vikings in the North, Slaus and Magars East.

Would attack Germanic states.

Lothair fights against Muslims.

Charles the Bald fights against Muslims and Vikings.

Most took place because of droughts, food riots, they would round up and execute invaders.

Old guard (Monrovians), Merognvians subdivided.


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Three regiments now.

Part of Louis the Germans Military force is called the Teutonic Knights. Father, Son and the HolySpirit. Fight against Muslims.

Would pursue them to the Holy Lands and execute them.

Never forgotten.

VIKINGS

Long Red hair often in braids.

**Viking**means Raid.

The Black Death that hits is a general name.

Main one was the Bubonic Plague. (Brought by rat, fleas from Asia).

Thought was brought by Yahweh, God).

Black death was also diphtheria, influenza and Cholera.

800AD900AD, hits Europe horribly.

of Europe dies.

Causes stagnation in population.

Meanwhile in Scandinavia, no diseases, population becomes a problem, too many people.

Biggest problem is Civil wars. These on Jords (perimeter) found safety valve and move out.

Vikings will find booty and land.

God is **ODIN**

Honor is to die with Battle Axe in hand.

Thor Militant Gods.

Cross the North Sea RagwarEngland, kill and plunder, go back to Norway plunder.

Vikings are Master ship builders. Long ships propelled by oar and sail.


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**800**ADGo up river, ROLO will sac Paris, same river. Attack in the wee hours of morning.

Back to Denmark. Shared the booty.

Go a Viking. Holland, Spain, France and Guinea Coast of West Africa.

Minsk and KievViking trade routes.

Colonize Iceland to Greenland.

York England Had been Roman fortress, Vikings take it over. They will assimilate with the

Anglo-Saxons, settle down with them. Go to Ireland and resurrect Dublin. Originally called

Tuatha Da Dannan . Assimilate there as well. Assimilate w Scotlands, takeover low and

highlands.

**British Isles**-

EnglandOriginal inhabitants, **The Brittons**, early Germanic peoples.

High culture, great makers of jewelry. Great builders of structures.

**Stonehenge** - They were great warriors. Romans would want to conquer. **Hadrian**

would defeat them.

Built fortress would separate them form Scotland. Hadrians Wall 60 miles long. England

(Brittons) South, Scots to North.

**Roman Influence**

Romans will fuse culture and language into this area. Romans would also conquer Wales.

Ireland seized by Romans. Spanish troops assimilate, become black Irish.

**405AD** - Most of Britton had fallen to Romans.

Romans left.

King Arthur Slavic is Blood, stationed in Britannia, defends against Picks,. Build the Antonin

wall, by Antomous Pious ?? Fighting against Merlin.

Legend of King Arthur.


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Anglos, Saxons and Jutes are arriving, assimilations. Angles landbecomes England.

Establish their own Kingdom

**North Umber landYork**

Welch different, more Celtic in blood.

WalesMore Celtic. East wasMercia - Heart of England.

West Essex. Corner of England. **Cornwall.**

Kent.

Each Kingdom had a King. Had ShireReeves (Sheriffs) who enforce the laws.

**Patracius** -(Saint Patrick).

Father was Tax collector for the Roman Empire.

Records show father stationed in N.W. France. Some say Brittany **400s AD**

Had stability1314 years old.

**Mileus** - is a RaiderIrish Chieftain.

Raids for slaves. Kidnap young men and women and bring them back to Ireland. Bring Patricus

and his sister. Mileus likes him and buys Patrick back from other tribe. His sister was never to be

seen again.

He tends to sheep, educated man, he inherits Irish ways.

Involved in Polytheistic ways, gets away from Christian ways. Something sexual happens, he is

guilt ridden.

He feels need to escape. Has dream one night runs to coast, there will be a boat and he

should take it and go home. He does it and the prodigal son returns home.

He joins the Priesthood. Goes to Mileus village to try and convert the druids. Convinces the

Chieftains to convert with exception of Mileus, who commits suicide rather than convert. Drove

out evil.


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Wednesday Dec, 3rd

2013

**English History during the Dark Ages**

English history during the Dark Ages defined mainly by *Alfred the Great* - The records are

contradictory when he was born. It is speculated born**848ADDied 899AD. **

He is most famous for defeating Vikings, saving them from further invasion.

Danish Vikingssettled in York, N.E. England, and North Umber land.

York sacked by Vikings along with NE England.

Alfred is from W Essex. Built strong military, commanded by Alfred, who had wanted to be a

priest. He knew how to read and write. He was very likable and caring, had charisma.

He was also a great communicator, rose above other Monarchs. He loved the sword. Believed

was chosen By God to defend against Vikings.

Leads a great campaign against the Vikings.


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Anglo Saxons now fight offensive war.

Mercy, Wessex, Christian wars. England was unified to defeat the Nordsman.

878AD**Battle of Edington** - Uses envelopment strategy. Splits Army half way through their

march to envelop Vikings.

Outdoes the Vikings, drove them out of lower England.

**878 AD** - Battle of Chippenhamdrives once and for all off the shores of England, North

Umbria.

Alfred crowned King of England.

Well known as **Charlemagne of England. **

Pushes Church, Manors, educated people.

Turned to scribes to write history of England.

**Anglo-Saxon Chronicles**

Chronology of England.

Continued to be written long after Alfreds death.

Written for 275 years. Helps to unify England even more.He established a stronger tie of Christ here on earth. Reestablishes a strong tie with the Roman

Catholic Church.

Alfred very successful at establishing England. Last of true AngloSaxon Kings was Godwinson.

1066AD he was defeated by William I.

**The Norman Conquest**

Late 900s ADEngland was stable.

**Edward the Confessor** - Wanted peace. He had been a womanizer and a drunkard. Turned

to Christ, had trained to be a priest. Father died, he marries well in Londonderry.

Close ties with church works hard to maintain peace, with Irish and Scandinavians.


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**Feudalism Established** - Brittany, Normandy, Central France, Champagne.

By late 900s AD Early 1,000s.

Feudalism Witness local Lourdes who govern local lands, no strong National Government.

They represent King. Develops as chain of command.

Lords to the king, than to the Vassal.

By end of the 1,000s ADmore than French, British Isles, Germania, Rhineland, Lombardia,

Italy, Spain, Portugal, states of Alps.

Lourdes acquire more clout in the name of the King.

Person who acquired the land was the Lourdes.

The person who serviced the land was the Vassal.

Commitment to one another, loyal to them.

Often they were related, cousins and brothers.

Jus sanguinisLaw of the Blood. Another spelling Jus Sungunius.

Share geographic areaJusSuli (Loyal to Region).

**Fief**- Legal ownership of land passed from Lourdes to Son. Use of land was passed from

Vassal to son.

Creation of the Patriarchal Society (Patriarchal.)

Oldest son get the land. (He can divide with younger brothers), or he might horde it. No fief for

you.

If not inheriting, then join military or Priesthood.

Smart brothers will share in the Fief, then expect loyalty.

Many have fiefs in more than one place. Determined who owns the land. Who owns it is crucial.


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Woman can own fief, (land) through marriage only.

A woman can acquire a fief through a dowry from her father when she marries.

Husband (groom) takes over immediately after marriage.

Woman controlled only if her husband dies.

** The Feudal Relationship**

The relationship between Lourde and vassal was sacred.

Three Major Components

1. To understand the Feudal relationship.Honor

Relationships between equals

Only Nobles can be Vassals.

Honorable relationships.

The great Lourdes of area were Vassals to King. Lower Lourdes Vassals to greater

Lourdes.

2. Same man might be a Vassal and a Lourde. Vassal to more important Lourde andLourde to brothers below him. Pecking order.

3. It was a very personal relationship. Privacy, matters kept in the family. Each mansobligations only to Lourde above you and the Vassals below you.

Granting and holding of Fief great legal code.

Lourde granted use of the land to all those on feudal lands.

Guaranteed Vassal protection, military protection.

Land is guarded by King, soldiers and Lourdes.


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**Feudal Justice**

Three Major Characteristics

1. Trial by BattleThe accused and the accuser will fight dual, if cannot fight physically,then will have someone else fight to represent them.

Outcomes determine guilt or innocence.

2.

CompurgationOath Taking. The accused and the accuser gather people who say theyare telling the truth. Character witnesses.

3. OrdealThe accused carries a hot iron in hand, walks through fire, or grabs a hot stonefrom a boiling pot of water. If the wounds heal quickly than you are innocent, if not

guilty.

**Warfare** - War was frequent during feudal times. Sometimes between two kingdoms,

internal feudal Lourdes and Vassals, private wars. Power struggles.

In the Early Middle Ages, Armor of fighting man was simple. Iron helmet, shirt of chainmail,sometimes lower torso.

Armor became more complicated in the late Middle Ages when armor was then steel.

**900AD1200AD**(low Middle)

**12001500** (High Middle) Low to high Middle Ages determined by what Knights wore.

For Nobles, war was opportunity for glory, fame and wealth.

Acquiring claim for military conquest.

Wars brought suffering and famine for the rest of society.

The Church tries to limit battles against each other internally.

Church would issue Peace of GodCanon Law (Church Law).

Set aside certain places where war was not permissible.


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Church tried to get them to accept Truce of Godon certain days.

By the end of the Medieval period there were only 80 days could fight.

Lourdes did not always comply with the church,

**The Manor**

Cultural and socioeconomic system of medieval Europe.

The village withinEconomic and social unit of the manors.

SubstanceSurvival. Self-supporting produce, food clothing and leather goods. Only import a

few items. Salt, Tar and Iron.

Typical Manor village, all houses are along a single street.

Among people, peasants serfsTo Lourdes, Vassals and kings. The landowners. They (serfs),

were servants.

Legal status was less than free, but not slaves. They were bound to land. 1/3 artisans, millers,

coopers, carpenters.

**Nobility**

Had complete control over society. Center piece of every manor. When entering a Village would

see Castle. This is where the nobles lived.

Social class is everything in Europe.

Castle is fortified home for the Lourdes. Serving as a base enforcing power and protection of

the area.

** Castle Keep**

Communal area for protection. How elaborate castle is showed all the success of the manor.

Castles built for defense, not pleasant living. They were often built on high ground for defense.

If there were no high hills, they would built with a moat with a draw bridge.

Main part of the castle is called a Keep. Strong towers, used as store rooms. Barracks for

soldiers, workshops.


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**Great Hall** - Belongs to everyone. You could visit the King here. Furniture, no windows.

Witness fowl, small animals running about. Floors covered in straw, filthy with animal waste.Greatest sports tournament, mock battle. Determined by Chivalry.

**Chivalry**

1100s ADFeudalism changed by development of Chivalry.

Code of conduct for Knights.

Knights mounted on horseback when performing acts of chivalry.

Any noble proving themselves in battle could be knighted by another Knight.

Early Knights were crude and ill mannered.

Knights later had manners. Must fight fairly and be loyal to friends.

Must keep your word.

Treat conquered foes gallantly.

Be especially courteous to women.

Proper manners were expected by women.

**The Church**

All members of the church fall within the Hierarchy.

At least one priest per parish, depending on the size.

Priest is expected to know all parishioners well.

Knew them through the Sacrament of the Confession.

Many responsibilities of the Government were performed by the church.

Parish Priest was cloical ??, trained to be personable.

Sunday Mass, social workers, settle fights between spouses.

Personal in peoples lives.

If were lucky enough to have monastery, had a great education.

Pope

Bishop

Parish priest

Diocese

**Curia**- Cardinal advisors to the Pope and church, they inspect all.

Represents regions.

Represents Christendom.


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Catholic, Translation (Universal).

**590 AD** Pope Gregory IFirst pope to have a Curia.**1059AD** Canon Law said Curia would elect Pope.

Up to 1015AD Priest could marry, Archbishops. Argument was who would get assets when

they died. Family or church. After this date were married to church.

**Ex communication**

What one fears, worst treatment from the church. Rape murder, violating church law. 1 in 100,

for not following the Church rules.

InterdictEntire region punished by church.

TitheFinancial commitment to the church. 1/10thof annual income.

** The Inquisition**

Investigate sins.

Mid 1200sOrdered Dominican order to seek out heretics.

Sought out Jews, worked to convert, didnt work, inflicted harm on the Hebrews.

Had been brought up to fight against the Muslim Moors.

Reconquista Portugal and Spain.

1492 AD will take all of Iberia back, Spain, Muslims kicked out.

Ferdinand and Isabella marriage.

Their first Edict, Kicked Jews out.

They (Jews) went to Scotland.


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