5. THE LOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPROACH

5.1 Tng quan v Logical Framework Approach

5.1.1 Khi Qut Logical Framework Approach (LFA) c pht trin vo cui nhng nm 1960 h tr cc c quan Pht trin quc t ca M nhm ci thin k hoch d n v h thng nh gi ca mnh

N c thit k nhm ti 3 mi quan tm c bn, c th l K hoch l qu m h, khng xc nh r rng mc tiu cth theo di v nh gi s thnh cng (hoc tht bi) ca mt d n; Trch nhim qun l khng r rng; Vic nh gi thng l mt qu trnh tranh tng

5.1.1 Khi Qut LFA c tha nhn nh l mt cng c qun l v k hoch d n bi hu ht cc c quan pht trin a phng v song phng. EC yu cu vic s dng LFA nh l mt phn ca h thng Chu trnh qun l d n (PCM) t nm 1993, v n cung cp mt b cng c ct li thc hin nh gi cht lng ca d n Theo thi gian, cc c quan khc nhau sa i nh dng, cc thut ng v cng c ca LFA, tuy nhin cc nguyn tc phn tch c bn vn c gi nguyn. Kin thc v cc nguyn tc ca LFA l thit yu cn thit cho tt c cc nhn vin tham gia trong thit k v cung cp cc h tr pht trin EC.

5.1.2 LFA l g? LFA l mt qu trnh phn tch v b cng c c s dng h tr quy hoch v qun l d n. N cung cp mt tp hp cc khi nim lng vo nhau c s dng nh l mt phn ca mt qu trnh lp i lp li h tr vic phn tch c cu trc v h thng ca mt d n hoc chng trnh. LFA c xem nh l tr gip cho suy ngh LFA cho php thng tin c phn tch v t chc mt cch c cu trc, do nhng cu hi quan trng c th c yu cu, im yu c xc nh v ngi ra quyt nh c th a ra quyt nh da trn s hiu bit c ci thin ca h v d n

5.1.2 LFA l g? Phn bit LFA v LFM (Logical Framework Matrix)

LFA l mt qu trnh phn tch (phn tch lin quann cc bn lin quan, phn tch vn , thit lp mc tiu v la chn chin lc) Ma trn khung logic (LFM) yu cu phn tch su hn cc mc tiu, lm cch no t c v nhng ri ro tim nng, cung cp cc sn phm ti liu ca qu trnh phn tch .

5.1.2 LFA l g? Ma trn khung logic LFM bao gm mt ma trn vi 4 ct v 4 (hoc nhiu) hng, trong tm tt nhng yu t chnh ca mt k hoch d n, c th l: H thng cp bc ca mc tiu d n Cc yu t bn ngoi quan trng ti thnh cng ca d n (gi nh Lm th no thnh tu ca d n s c theo di v nh gi (ch s v cc ngun Thm tra).

Khung logic ny cng cung cp c s m trn ngun ti nguyn yu cu (u vo) v chi ph (ngn sch) c xc nh.

5.1.3 Lin kt vi chu trnh d n v vn bn PCM quan trng LFA l mt cng c ct li c s dng trong PCM N c s dng trong giai on Identification ca PCM gip phn tch tnh hnh hin ti, iu tra s lin quan ca d n c xut v xc nh mc tiu tim nng v chin lc Trong giai on Formulation, LFA h tr vic chun b mt k hoch d n thch hp vi mc tiu r rng, kt qu o lng c, chin lc qun l ri ro v nh ngha cc cp ca trch nhim qun l Trong Implementation, LFA cung cp mt cng c qun l ch cht h tr k kt hp ng, k hoch hot ng v gim st Trong giai on Evaluation v Audit, LFA cung cp mt bn ghi tm tt nhng g c ln k hoch (mc tiu, ch tiu v gi nh chnh), v do cung cp mt c s cho vic nh gi hiu sut v tc ng.

5.1.3 Lin kt vi chu trnh d n v vn bn PCM quan trng Vic p dng LFA nn c lm u tin, v sau cung cp mt ngun thng tin c s hon thnh ti liu PCM cn thit.

5.1.3 Lin kt vi chu trnh d n v vn bn PCM quan trngM t d n Mc ch- S ng gp ca d n cho mc tiu chng trnh hay chnh sch (nh hng) Ch s Lm th no o c mc ch bao gm S lng, cht lng, thi gian? Ngun xc minh Lm th no s thng tin c thu thp, khi no v bi ai? Gi nh

Mc tiu - li ch trc tip cho nhm mc tiu

Lm th no o c mc tiu bao gm S lng, cht lng, thi gian?

Nh trn

Nu Mc ch l t c, nhng gi nh g phi gi ng t c cc OO?

Kt qu - Sn phm hu hnh hoc dch v cung cp bi cc d n

Lm th no o c kt qu bao gm S lng, Cht lng, Thi gian

Nh trn

Nu kt qu t c, nhng gi nh g phi gi ng t c cc Mc tiu

Hot ng - Nhim v phi c thc hin cung cp cc kt qu mong mun

Nu hot ng c hon thnh, nhng gi nh g phi gi ng cung cp nhng kt qu?

5.1.4 Vn thc t trong vic p dng LFA gip trnh cc vn chung lin quan vi vic p dng LFA, ngi dng nn: Bo m cc ng nghip v cc i tc ca h c hiu bit ph bin v nguyn tc phn tch chnh v thut ng c s dng Nhn mnh tm quan trng ca qu trnh LFA nhiu nh matrix product Bo m n c s dng nh mt cng c thc y s tham gia ca cc bn lin quan, i thoi v tha thun v phm vi d n, thay v p t khi nim 'bn ngoi' v u tin;

5.1.4 Vn thc t trong vic p dng LFA Trnh s dng cc ma trn nh k hoch chi tit thng qua vic s dng kim sot bn ngoi ln d n; Thit lp cc ma trn nh l mt bn trnh by tm tt (r rng v sc tch) Tinh chnh v sa i cc ma trn nh thng tin mi sng t.

5.1.4 Vn thc t trong vic p dng LFAYu t im mnh Vn /Kh khn ph bin Phn tch vn v thit lp mc tiu Yu cu phn tch h thng ca cc vn , bao gm c mi quan h nhn qu Cung cp lin kt hp l gia cc phng tin & kt thc t d n trong ng cnh pht trin rng hn (tng th mc tiu v mc ch) Khuyn khch kim tra ri ro v trch nhim qun l S ng thun v vn u tin S ng thun v mc tiu d n Gim mc tiu n mt chui tuyn tnh n gin Khng thch hp mc chi tit (qu nhiu / qu t)

Cc ch s v ngun xc minh

Yu cu phn tch lm th no o lng vic t c cc mc tiu, c v s lng v cht lng Gip ci thin tnh r rng v c trng ca mc tiu Gip thit lp theo di v nh gi khun kh

Tm cc ch s thc t o lng c cho mc mc tiu cao hn v cho d n vi mc tiu 'xy dng nng lc "v" qu trnh " Thit lp mc tiu khng thc t qu sm trong qu trnh lp k hoch Da vo bo co ca d n l ngun ca chnh xc minh, v khng i hi chi tit thng tin thc s n t u, nhng ngi nn thu thp n v thng xuyn nh th no

nh dng v p dng

Lin kt phn tch vn thit lp mc tiu Nhn mnh tm quan trng ca phn tch cc bn lin quan xc nh "vn ca ai 'v' ai li ch ' Tip cn trc tip cn v tng i d hiu

c s dng nh mt phng tin quan liu, cng nhc, khng c lin h vi phn tch vn , thit lp mc tiu hay la chn chin lc C th xa lnh cc nhn vin khng quen thuc vi nhng khi nim chnh Tr thnh mt vt "tn sng" hn l s gip

5.1.5 Hai giai on chnh

5.1.5 Hai giai on chnh Giai on phn tch1. Phn tch cc bn lin quan, bao gm s b nng lc nh gi, phn tch gii tnh v nhu cu ca cc nhm d b tn thng khc nh tn tt 2. Phn tch Vn (H s ca nhng vn chnh bao gm c mi quan h nhn qu 3. Phn tch cc mc tiu (hnh nh ca mt tnh hnh ci thin trong tng lai) 4. Phn tch Chin lc (so snh nhng la chn khc nhau gii quyt mt tnh hung nht nh).

5.1.5 Hai giai on chnh Giai on K Hoch Ma trn khung logic c chun b, i hi phn tch su hn na v sng lc cc tng; Cc yu cu v ngun lc v hot ng c xc nh v theo lch trnh Chun b ngn sch y li l mt qu trnh lp i lp li, v n c th cn thit xem xt v sa i phm vi hot ng ca d n v kt qu mong i mt khi nhng tc ng ti nguyn v ngn sch tr nn r rng hn.