The Little, Brown ReaderEleventh Edition

Marcia StubbsWellesley College

Sylvan BarnetTufts University

William E. CainWeliesley College

New York San Francisco BostonLondon Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid

Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal

Brief Contents

Detailed Contents viiRhetorical Contents xxvPreface xxxi

1 A Writer Reads 1

2 A Reader Writes 21

3 Academic Writing 43

4 Writing an Argument 79

5 Reading and Writing about Pictures 121

6 All in the Family 143

7 Identities 195

8 Immigrant Nation 257

9 Teaching and Learning 283

10 Work and Play 377

11 Messages 427

12 Law and Order 501

13 Consuming Desires 557

14 Body and Soul 603

Appendix: A Writer's Glossary 649Photo Acknowledgments 659Index 661

Detailed Contents

Rhetorical Contents xxvPreface xxxi

1 A Writer Reads 1

Previewing 2Skimming 3J. H. Plumb The Dying Family 6

Highlighting, Underlining, Annotating 10Summarizing 13

Critical Thinking: Analyzing the Text 14Tone and Persona 16Daniel Gilbert Does Fatherhood Make You Happy? 17

/ A CHECKLIST: ANALYZING AND EVALUATING AN ESSAY 20

2 A Reader Writes 21

C. S. Lewis We Have No "Right to Happiness" 22

Responding to an Essay 26The Writing Process 27

Keeping a Journal 28Questioning the Text Again 29Summaries, Jottings, Outlines, and Lists 30

/ A CHECKLIST: GETTING STARTED 32

Getting Ready to Write a Draft 32

vii

viii Detailed Contents

Draft of an Essay: On "We Have No 'Right toHappiness'" 32

Revising and Editing a Draft 34

; A Revised Draft: Persuasive Strategies in C. S. Lewis's,\ "We Have No 'Right to Happiness'" 35

Rethinking the Thesis: Preliminary Notes 37The Final Version: Style and Argument: An Examination

of C. S. Lewis's "We Have No 'Right to Happiness'" 38A Brief Overview of the Final Version 41

/ A CHECKLIST: ANALYZING YOUR ANALYSIS 42

3 Academic Writing 43

Kinds of Prose 44A Note on Writing a Summary 45More about Critical Thinking: Analysis and Evaluation 46/ A CHECKLIST: CRITICAL THINKING 50

Joining the Conversation: Writing aboutDiffering Views 51

Writing about Essays Less Directly Related: A Student'sNotes and Journal Entries 52

The Student's Final Version: Two Ways of Thinking,aboutToday's Families 54

Interviewing 57Guidelines for Conducting the Interview and Writing

the Essay 58Topics for Writing 61

Using Quotations 61Avoiding Plagiarism 63

Acknowledging Sources 63Fair Use of Common Knowledge 66"But How Else Can I Put It?" 67

/ A CHECKLIST: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM 68

/ A CHECKLIST: THIRTEEN QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELFWHEN EDITING 68

A Student's Documented Essay 69Jason Green Did Dorothea Lange Pose Her Subject for

Migrant Mother? 69

Detailed Contents ix

4 Writing an Argument 79

The Aims of an Argumentative Essay 81Negotiating Agreements: The Approach of Carl R. Rogers 81/ A CHECKLIST: ROGERIAN ARGUMENT 86

Some Ways of Arguing: Appeals to Reason and Appealsto Emotions 87

Appeals to Reason: Deduction and Induction 87Appeals to Emotions 88

Three Kinds of Evidence: Examples, Testimony, Statistics 89Examples 90Testimony 91

Statistics 92How Much Evidence Is Enough? 93Avoiding Fallacies 93Drafting an Argument 97

Imagining an Audience 97Getting Started 97Writing a Draft 98Revising a Draft 98

Organizing an Argument 99Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs 100

Introductory Paragraphs 100Concluding Paragraphs 102

/ A CHECKLIST: REVISING PARAGRAPHS 103

Persona and Style 103An Overview: An Examination of an Argument 105Richard Rhodes Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence 105

The Analysis Analyzed 107Two Debates (Four Arguments) for Analysis 111

A Debate: Should Laptops Be Banned fromthe Classroom? Ill

Andrew Goldstein (student) Keep Online Poker Out of theClassroom: Why Professors Should Ban Laptops 111

Elena Choy Laptops in the Classroom? No Problem 113

A Second Debate: Do Credit Companies Market TooAggressively to Youths? 116

Detailed Contents

Travis B. Plunkett Yes, Credit Companies Market Too Aggressivelyto Youths 116

Louis J. Freeh No, Credit Companies Do Not Market TooAggressively to Youths 118

/ A CHECKLIST: REVISING DRAFTS OF ARGUMENTS 120

5 Reading and Writing about Pictures 121

The Language of Pictures 122Writing about Art 123Writing about an Advertisement 124/ A CHECKLIST: ANALYZING ADVERTISEMENTS 125

Writing about a Political Cartoon 126/ A CHECKLIST: ANALYZING POLITICAL CARTOONS 127

Lou Jacobs Jr. What Qualities Does a GoodPhotograph Have? 127

A little honest controversy about the visual success of aprint or slide can be a healthy thing.

Sample Analyses of Pictures 132A Sample Essay by a Student 132

Zoe Morales Dancing at Durango 132

A Sample Essay by an Art Historian 137Thomas Hoving So, Does It Speak to You? 137

A museum director analyzes Gant Wood'smost famous painting, American Gothic

6 All in the Family 143

ILLUSTRATIONS

Pablo Picasso, 1905 The Acrobat's Family with a Monkey 144

Joanne Leonard Sonia 145

SHORT VIEWS 146

Anonymous (William James?), Marcel Proust, Leo Tolstoy,Jessie Bernard, Jane Austen ,

Lewis Coser The Family 147A sociologist defines the family and, in fewer than fivehundred words, gives an idea of its variety.

Detailed Contents xi

Joan Didion On Going Home 148Is going home—is leaving home—possible?

Sam Schulman Letting Go 151: "Yes, parents impart values. But values come from other, useful sources, too. Hovering parents undermine the

influence not only of other institutions like schools andchurches but of peers."

Stephanie Coontz The Heterosexual Revolution 154

Traditional marriage started unraveling200 years ago.

Gabrielle Glaser Scenes from an Intermarriage 156

The author of a book on interfaith marriage believes thatalthough the future always looks bright, down the roadsomeone usually loses.

Anonymous Confessions of an Erstwhile Child 161

Should children have the legal right to escape impossiblefamilies? A victim argues that a closely bound familystructure compounds craziness.

Arlie Hochschild The Second Shift: Employed Women Are Puttingin Another Day of Work at Home 166

There's a "leisure gap" between men and womenat home.

A Debate (Two Arguments) for Analysis 172Andrew Sullivan versus William J. Bennett 172

Andrew Sullivan Here Comes the Groom: A (Conservative) Casefor Gay Marriage 172

"But gay marriage is not a radical step. It avoids the mess ofdomestic partnership; it is humane; it is conservative in thebest sense of the word."

William J. Bennett Gay Marriage: Not a Very Good Idea 176

A conservative public servant—Bennett served under thefirst President Bush—concludes that "it is exceedinglyimprudent to conduct a radical, untested and inherentlyflawed social experiment on an institution that is thekeystone in the arch of civilization."

Judy Brady J Want a Wife 179

A wife looks at the services she performs and decides thatshe'd like a wife.

Black Elk High Horse's Courting 182

An Oglala Sioux holy man tells us what a hard time, in theold days, a young man had getting the girl he wanted.

xii Detailed Contents

Celia E. Rothenberg Child of Divorce 186An undergraduate reflects on the impact of divorce on her,her brother, and her parents.

Jamaica Kincaid Girl (story) 192,\ "Try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bent

on becoming."Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays (poem) 193

"No one ever thanked him."

Identities 195

ILLUSTRATIONS

Dorothea Lange Grandfather and Grandchildren AwaitingEvacuation Bus, Hayward, California 196

Marion Post Wolcott Behind the Bar, Birney,Montana 197

SHORT VIEWS 198

Margaret Mead, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Simone deBeauvoir, Israel Zangwill, Vladimir I. Lenin, Joyce CarolOates, Martin Luther King Jr., Shirley Chisholm

Rogelio R. Gomez Foul Shots 200A Mexican-American remembers the shame he felt in thepresence of Anglos.

Marianne J. Legato The Weaker Sex 203When it comes to health, men are delicate creatures.

Zora Neale Hurston How It Feels to Be Colored Me 205"At certain times I have no race, I am me."

Stephen Jay Gould Women's Brains 209On the "irrelevant and highly injurious" biological labelingof women and other disadvantaged groups.

Katha Pollitt Why Boys Don't Play with Dolls 215Social conditioning, not biology, is the answer,this author says.

Paul Theroux The Male Myth 218"It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness thatdoes not belittle women."

Emily Tsao Thoughts of an Oriental Girl 221

Detailed Contents xiii

A sophomore questions the value of describingAsian Americans and other minorities as "people ofcolor."

Gloria Naylor A Question of Language 223

What does the word "nigger" mean?

Richard Rodriguez, with Scott London A View from theMelting Pot 226

"In the LA of the future, no one will need say, 'Let'scelebrate diversity' Diversity is going to be a fundamentalpart of our lives."

Amy Tan Snapshot: Lost Lives of Women 232

The writer examines "a picture of secretsand tragedies."

A Casebook on Race 236

Columbia Encyclopedia Race 236

An encyclopedia defines race and distinguishes itfrom racism.

Armand Marie Leroi A Family Tree in Every Gene 238

A biologist argues that "races are real."

David Fitch, Herbert J. Gans, Mary T. Bassett, Lynn M. Morgan,Martin E. Fuller, John Waldman Letters Responding toArmand Marie Leroi 243

Sharon Begley Three Is Not Enough 245

"Changing our thinking about race will require a revolutionin thought as profound, and profoundly unsettling, asanything science has ever demanded."

Shelby Steele Hailing While Black 251

"The real debate over racial profiling is not about stopsand searches on the New Jersey Turnpike. It is about thedegree of racism in America and the distribution of power itjustifies."

Brent Staples On Race and the Census: Struggling with CategoriesThat No Longer Apply 253

The "one-drop rule" can't survive in amultiracial society.

Countee Cullen Incident (poem) 256

A grown man remembers only one thing from his childhoodvisit to Baltimore.

Xiv Detailed Contents

8 Immigrant Nation 257

ILLUSTRATIONS

Christopher J. Morris New U.S. Citizens at a CitizenshipCeremony, Pomona, California 258

Statue of Liberty, New York City 259

SHORT VIEWS 260

Ralph Waldo Emerson, Israel Zangwill, Jack Strong,Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Charles HortonCooley, Bharati Mukherjee, Pat Paulsen, Vine Deloria,Anonymous Mexican American, Jimmy Carter, WilliamShakespeare, Hebrew Bible

Bharati Mukherjee Two Ways to Belong in America 262

A native of India, now a long-time resident and citizen ofthe United States, compares her responses with those of hersister, also a resident here but not a citizen.

Anar Ali The Person Behind the Muslim 265

A Muslim says she is willing to talk about terrorismbut she wants to talk about it "as a citizen, not just aMuslim."

A Casebook on Recent Immigrants 267

Barry R. Chiswick The Worker Next Door 267

An economist argues that our society does not need thecheap labor that many immigrants provide.

Jeffjacoby What If We Deport Them All? 270

A conservative columnist argues that we need immigrantworkers who cross our borders and therefore "we'd all bebetter off if we let them cross it legally."

Victor Davis Hanson Socrates on Illegal Immigration 272

A senior fellow at the Hoover Institution argues thatSocrates's behavior in the "Crito"—Socrates acceptance ofthe court's sentence of death—should guide our actionsconcerning illegal immigration: We cannot pick and choosewhich laws we should obey.

Cardinal Roger Mahony Called by God to Help 275

A cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church argues that"Denying aid to a fellow human being violates a law with ahigher authority than Congress—the law of God."

Detailed Contents XV

A Casebook of Poems about Immigrants 277

Emma Lazarus The New Colossus (poem) 277A poet speaks the thoughts of the Statue of Liberty: "Giveme your tired, your poor,/Your huddled masses yearning tobreathe free."

Pat Mora Immigrants (poem) 278The hopes of immigrant parents.

Dudley Randall The Melting Pot (poem) 280An African American poet wryly observes that immigrantsfrom Europe step into the melting pot and are transformedbut the descendants of black slaves are not allowed to stepinto the pot.

9 Teaching and Learning 283

ILLUSTRATIONS

Winslow Homer Blackboard 284

Ron James The Lesson—Planning a Career 285

SHORT Views 286

Francis Bacon, Paul Goodman, Johann Wolfgang vonGoethe, Emma Goldman, Jesse Jackson, Ralph WaldoEmerson, D. H. Lawrence, Prince Kropotkin, JohnRuskin, Confucius, Joseph Wood Krutch, Phyllis Bottome

David Brooks The Gender Gap at School 289

"Over the past two decades, there has been a steadyaccumulation of evidence that male and female brainswork differently."

A Debate (Two Arguments) for Analysis 291A Debate: Do Video Games Significantly

Enhance Literacy? 291James Paul Gee Pro 291

Howard Gardner Con 293

Plato The Myth of the Cave 294

A great teacher explains in a metaphor the progress of themind from opinion to knowledge.

Richard Rodriguez Public and Private Language 301

By age seven, Richard Rodriguez learns "the great lesson ofschool," that he had a "public identity."

xvi Detailed Contents

Maya Angelou Graduation 306A dispiriting commencement address and a spontaneous ,reaction to it.

Neil Postman Order in the Classroom 316i "School is not a radio station or a television program."

Sara Bennett and Nancy Kalish No More Teachers,Lots of Books 323

Summer homework sets students back.

Suzy Maroon, Julia Collins, Elizabeth P. Ueland LettersResponding to Sara Bennett and Nancy Kalish 325

Robert Coles On Raising Moral Children 326

A psychiatrist discusses the ways in which adults shapechildren's behavior.

Fan Shen The Classroom and the Wider Culture 331

According to Fan Shen, who migrated from China toNebraska, "To be truly 'myself,' which I knew was a key tomy success in learning English composition, meant not to bemy Chinese self at all."

David Gelernter Unplugged 341

A professor of computer science offers a surprisingcomment: "The computer's potential to do good is modestlygreater than a book's in some areas. Its potential to do harmis vastly greater, across the board."

Amy Tan In the Canon, for All the Wrong Reasons 344

An Asian-American writer is not altogether comfortablenow that her book is required reading.

Wu-tsu Fa-yen Zen and the Art of Burglary (story) 348

A teacher tells a story to teach what otherwise cannotbe taught.

A Casebook on What Colleges Should Teach 349

Stanley Fish Why We Built the Ivory Tower 349"The practices of responsible citizenship and moralbehavior should be encouraged in young adults—but it'snot the business of the university to do so, except when themorality in question is the morality that penalizes cheating,plagiarizing, and shoddy teaching."

Rachel Milbauer Coercive Thinking 352A first-year student in a composition course explains whyshe objects to the instructor requiring her to write abouttopics that she finds morally offensive.

Detailed Contents xvii

Dave Eggers Serve or Fail 355Colleges—except perhaps community colleges, whosestudents "have considerable family and work demands"—should require students to perform community service.

• "Perhaps every 25 hours of service could be traded forone class credit, with a maximum of three credits ayear."

Patrick Allitt Should Undergraduates Specialize? 358

A graduate of the British system, where undergraduatesspecialize, thinks about his daughter's liberal arts educationin the United States.

Carol Geary Schneider and Ellis M. West Letters Responding toPatrick Allitt 361

Caitlin Petre The Lessons I Didn't Learn in College 364

A college graduate finds that life's real tests start when finalexams end.

Langston Hughes Theme for English B (poem) 366

Responding to the white instructor's assignment to writesomething that is "true," an African-American studentwrites, "It's not easy to know what is true for you or me / attwenty-two, my age."

A Casebook on Testing and Grading 368

Paul Goodman A Proposal to Abolish Grading 368

"Grading hinders teaching and creates a bad spirit."Diane Ravitch In Defense of Testing 371

"Tests and standards are a necessary fact of life."Joy Alonso Two Cheers for Examinations 373

"After reading all of the essays I felt pretty good, I feltsomething of the satisfaction that I hope students felt afterthey finished writing their examinations."

Work and Play 377

ILLUSTRATIONS

Dorothea Lange Lettuce Cutters, Salinas Valley 378Helen Levitt Children 379

SHORT VIEWS 380

Mark Twain, Duke of Wellington, Barbara Ehrenreich,Smohalla, Lost Star, John Ruskin, Vince Lombardi,

xviii Detailed Contents

George Orwell, Friedrich Nietzsche, Walt Whitman, KenBurns, Bion

Bertrand Russell Work 382

t A philosopher examines the connections between workand happiness.

Mike Rose Brains as Well as Brawn 387In an essay published on Labor Day, a professor talks about"the intelligence of the laborer—the thought, the creativity,the craft it takes to do work, any work, well." -

Gloria Steinem The Importance of Work 389Both men and women have the "human right" to a job."But women have more cause to fight for it," and havebetter reasons than "weworkbecausewehaveto."

Felice N. Schwartz The "Mommy Track" Isn't Anti-Woman 394A debate on what employees can do to help parents balancecareers and family responsibilities.

Pat Schroeder, Lois Brenner, Hope Dellon, Anita M. Harris,Peg McAulay Byrd Letters Responding toFelice N. Schwartz 396

Virginia Woolf Professions for Women 401Women must confront two obstacles on enteringnew professions.

Henry Louis Gates Jr. Delusions of Grandeur 405How many African-American athletes are at work today?Henry Louis Gates Jr. tells us that "an African-Americanyoungster has about as much chance of becoming aprofessional athlete as he or she does of winning the lottery."

Marie Winn The End of Play 408Childhood, once a time of play, today is increasingly"purposeful, success-oriented, competitive." What are thecauses of this change? And what are the consequences of"the end of childhood"?

W. H. Auden The Unknown Citizen (poem) 415

"Was he free, was he happy? The question is absurd."

A Casebook on Poker 416

Jeremy Marks The Power of Poker 416A first-year student explains how poker has helped himas a student.

Lauren Patrizi My College Addiction 419

Detailed Contents xix

"The appropriate corrective for online gambling addiction isup for debate."

Chris Berger Gen Y: The Poker Generation 423

An undergraduate speaks: "I plan on getting good gradesand going to grad school, but for right now I'm going all inon my Jack, nine suited."

Messages 427

ILLUSTRATIONS

Jill Posener Born Kicking, Graffiti on Billboard, London 428

Anonymous Sapolio 429

SHORT VIEWS 430

Voltaire, Marianne Moore, Derek Walcott, Jane Wagner,Emily Dickinson, Howard Nemerov, Wendell Berry,Anonymous, Rosalie Maggio, Benjamin Cardozo, GarySnyder, Alan Jacobs, Ann Beattie

Abraham Lincoln Address at the Dedication of the GettysburgNational Cemetery 432

A two-minute speech that shows signs of enduring.Gilbert Highet The Gettysburg Address 433

A classicist analyzes a speech that we may think we alreadyknow well.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentimentsand Resolutions 439

The women at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention adopt anew declaration, accusing men of failures and crimesparallel to those that led Jefferson in 1776 to denounceKing George III.

Robin Lakoff You Are What You Say 443

A linguistic double standard turns women into"communicative cripples—damned if we do, anddamned if we don't."

Barbara Lawrence Four-Letter Words Can Hurt You 449

The best-known obscene words are sadistic anddehumanizing—and their object is almost always female.

Edward T. Hall Proxemics in the Arab World 452

Why Americans and Arabs find each other pushy, rude, orsimply incomprehensible.

XX Detailed Contents

Deborah Tannen The Workings of Conversational Style 459

"Our talk is saying something about our relationship."James B. Twitchell The Marlboro Man: The Perfect Campaign 471

• How a dangerous legal product was successfully marketed.Eric Schlosser Kid Kustomers 479

How companies get kids to get parents to buy products.Stevie Smith Not Waving but Drowning (poem) 485

What a dead man was trying to say all his life.

A Casebook on Virtual Worlds 486

Brent Staples What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them GrowUp in Cyberspace 486

Life lessons don't come in a virtual form.Jeremy Rifkin Virtual Companionship 488

Computers that imitate emotion only make us lonelier.Kay S. Hymowitz Big Mother Is Watching 491

Parents who use surveillance devices to monitor kids arenot doing them any favors.

George F. Will You Bloggin' to Me? 494

For the self-absorbed, their Time has arrived.Bob Nixon Please Don't E-Mail Me about This Article 496

E-mail is a great convenience but "I just need periods in mylife when it is less relentless and less convenient."

Law and Order 501

ILLUSTRATIONS

Bernie Boston Flower Power 502

Norman Rockwell The Problem We All Live With 503

SHORT VIEWS 504

African Proverb, Niccolo Machiavelli, G. C. Lichtenberg,Andrew Fletcher, Samuel Johnson, William Blake, AnatoleFrance, Louis D. Brandeis, H. L. Mencken, Barack Obama,Mae West

Thomas Jeff erson The Declaration of Independence 506

"We hold these truths to be self-evident."

Detailed Contents xxi

Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolent Resistance 510

"Violence as a way of achieving racial justice is bothimpractical and immoral."

Martin Luther King Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail 515

:, An imprisoned civil rights leader argues that victims ofunjust laws have the right to break those laws as long asthey use nonviolent tactics.

Cathy Booth Thomas A New Scarlet Letter 529A Texas judge forces sex offenders to broadcast theircrimes with house signs and bumper stickers.

Chesa Boudin Making Time Count 532

A young man whose parents have been in prison sincehe was an infant talks about what was done and mightbe done to assist such families to maintainhealthy relationships.

Derek Bok Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus 538

A university president engages with "the problem of tryingto reconcile the rights of free speech with the desire to avoidracial tension."

George Orwell Shooting an Elephant 540

As a young British police officer in Burma, Orwelllearns the true nature of imperialism.

John (?) The Woman Taken in Adultery 547

"He that is without sin among you, let him first cast astone at her."

A Casebook on Torture 548

Michael Levin The Case for Torture 548

"I am not advocating torture as punishment . . . . I amadvocating torture as an acceptable measure for preventingfuture evils."

Philip B. Heymann Torture Should Not Be Authorized 551

"Torture is a prescription for losing a war for support ofour beliefs in the hope of reducing the casualties."

Alan M. Dershowitz Yes, It Should Be "On the Books" 553

A professor of law argues that under certainexceptional circumstances—when there is "a tickingbomb"—the appropriate authority should issue a warrantauthorizing torture if it may save hundreds of lives.

xxii Detailed Contents

13 Consuming Desires 557

ILLUSTRATIONS

', Grant Wood American Gothic 558

Richard Hamilton Just what is it that makes today's homes sodifferent, so appealing? 559

SHORT VIEWS 560

Chinese Proverb, Hebrew Bible, William Blake,Marcel Duchamp, Anonymous, George Bernard Shaw,G. C. Lichtenberg, Diane White, Anonymous, Alison Lurie,Rudi Gernreich, Kenneth Clark, Le Corbusier,Ralph Waldo Emerson

Michael Ableman Feeding Our Future 562"How difficult would it be to replace nachos with real cornon the cob?"

David Gerard Hogan Fast Food 565

Despite criticism, "fast food continues its rapidinternational growth."

Janna Malamud Smith My Son, My Compass 568A mother reports how unsettling it was to "take moraldirection" from a son who had become a vegan. "Not onlywas I being called upon to loosen my protective grip onmy charge, I needed to reconsider my position in theuniverse."

Jacob Alexander Nitrite: Preservative or Carcinogen? 571

An undergraduate's research paper provides foodfor thought.

Donna Maurer Vegetarianism 581

A historian offers reflections on what sorts of people arevegetarians, and why.

Paul Goldberger Quick! Before It Crumbles! 584

An architecture critic looks at cookie architecture.Peter Singer and Jim Mason Wal-Mart: Everyday Low Prices—

At What Cost? 587

A philospher and a farmer raise some questions.Sheldon Richman The Chutzpah of Wal-Mart's Critics 592

An indignant response to the indignant critics ofWal-Mart

Detailed Contents xxiii

Jonathan Swift A Modest Proposal 594An eighteenth-century Irish satirist tells his countrymenhow they may make children "sound, useful members ofthe commonwealth."

James Wright Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm inPine Island, Minnesota (poem) 601

A poet looks around, and comes to a surprisingconclusion.

14 Body and Soul 603

ILLUSTRATIONS

Henri Cartier-Bresson Place del 'Europe, Paris, 1932 604Ken Gray Lifted Lotus 605

SHORT VIEWS 606

W B. Yeats, Napoleon, Walt Whitman, Woody Allen,Epictetus, D. H. Lawrence, John Locke, Virginia Woolf,Emily Dickinson, Plato, Samuel Johnson, FrederickDouglass, Ray Charles, Friedrich Nietzsche, Oscar Wilde,Nigerian Proverb, Jesus

Anonymous Muddy Road (story) 608

A Zen anecdote about body and mind.

Henry David Thoreau Economy 608"The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation."

Natalie Angier The Sandbox: Bully for You—Why Push Comesto Shove 620

"It's hard to see how bullying behavior in schools can beeliminated when bullying behavior among adults is notonly common but often applauded—at least if it results inwild success."

Robert Santos My Men 625A veteran of the Vietnam War recalls hunger, killings, andrape: "It was so horrifying. I tried to think of what I wouldbe like if this took place in my hometown. This may havebeen a turning point in my life."

Plato Crito 630Socrates helps Crito to see that "we ought not to render evilfor evil."

xxiv Detailed Contents

T. S. Eliot The Love Song ofj. Alfred Prufrock 642

"In a minute there is time / For decisions and revisionswhich a minute will reverse."

Appendix: A Writer's Clossary 649

Photo Acknowledgments 659

Index 661