Celebration of Independence Week

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Infante Henry, Duke of Viseu

Henry the Navigator1400 A.D.

in search of west African riches

1481, John II of Portugal The silk route

8 July 1497 -- 170 men

20 May 1498

D. Vasco da Gama

 55 returned

Vasco Da Gama: meeting the King Zamorin of Calicut Kozhikode after landing at Kappad Beach in Calicut Kozhikode

13 September 1500

Pedro Álvares Cabral 

Route taken by Cabral from Portugal to India in 1500 (in red), and the return route (in blue)

12 February 1502. 15 ships and 00 men left Lisbon on

October 1502

In 1661 Portugal was at war with Spain and needed support from England. This led to the marriage of Princess Catherine of Portugal to Charles II of England, with a dowry that included the city of Bombay.

Portuguese Armada vs Chartered Fleets

French in india

Their first establishment was in Pondicherry on the Coromandel Coast in southeastern India 

1674

1615

English factory at Surat

 23 June 1757, 

 Siraj-ud-dulah

The British, worried about being outnumbered, formed a conspiracy with Siraj-ud-Daulah's demoted army chief Mir Jafar,

Plan of battle of Plassy

The Maratha Empire was founded in 1674 by 

Shivaji of the Bhosle dynasty

12 July 1739 –gave the British East India Company rights to free trade in Maratha territory

May 1739Marathas defeat the Portuguese at neighboring Vasai in

May 1782, Mahadji Shinde. The foresight of Warren Hastings was the main reason for the success of the British in the war.

In the south, the Nizam of Hyderabad had enlisted the support of the French for his war against the Marathas.In reaction to this, the Peshwa requested support from the British, but was refused.

1760 - First Anglo – Mysore War 1784 - Second Anglo - Mysore War Treaty of Mangalore

Nawab Tipu Sultan Bahadur Sher-e-Mysore 

1788

In 1791 his opponents advanced on all fronts, with the main British force under Cornwallis taking Bangalore and threatening Srirangapatna.

attack on Travancore would be treated as a declaration of war on the company

a Mahratta army of some 30,000 under the command of Purseram Bhow, accompanied by a detachment of British troops from Bombay, began marching toward Mysore

25,000 cavalry and 5,000 infantry under the command of Hurry Punt

1792

Tipu sultan was forced to cede half his territories to the allies, and deliver two of his sons as hostages until he paid in full three crores and thirty lakhs rupees fixed as war indemnity to the British for the campaign against him. He paid the amount in two installments and got back his sons from Madras.

Nizam of Hyderabad consisting of ten battalions and over 16,000 cavalry, and many soldiers were

sent by the Marathas

 Fourth Anglo-Mysore War

Thus the soldiers in the British force numbered over 50,000 soldiers

soldiers whereas Tipu Sultan had only about

30,000 soldiers

Tipu Sultan died defending his capital on 4 May, 1799

Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818)

Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805)

In 1835 English was made the medium of instruction in India's schools. Western-educated Hindu elites sought to rid Hinduism of controversial social practices, including the varna caste system, child marriage, and sati. 

1803 – Sahayak Sandhi

1828 – Raja Rammohanray, - Brahmsamaj

1829 – lord willium battic – sati praatha

The Sikh kingdom of Punjab was expanded and consolidated by Maharajah Ranjit Singh during the early years of the nineteenth century

The Harmandir Sahib

1839 – Maharaja Ranjit Singh died the Sikh Empire began to fall into disorder

A double-edged sword also called a Khanda which is in the centre Chakkar.Two single-edged swords, or kirpans, are crossed at the bottom and sit on either side of the Khanda and Chakkar. They represent the dual characteristics of Miri-Piri, indicating the integration of both spiritual and temporal sovereignty together and not treating them as two separate and distinct entities.

British Raj in India

Celebration of Independence Week

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The journey will be continued tomorrow….