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The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU 2010/75/EU European Commission, DG Environment Industrial Emissions, Air quality & Noise Unit 1

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Page 1: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED)2010/75/EU2010/75/EU

European Commission, DG Environment

Industrial Emissions, Air quality & Noise Unit

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Page 2: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

To cover:

1. Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED)

• scope

• structure• structure

• legal requirements

2. Best Available Techniques (BAT)

• the BAT concept

• how it’s derived and documented

• how BAT is applied

• the BREF 'family'

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Page 3: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

1.1 The EU legal framework on industrial emissions

IPPC Directive 2008/1/EC

Waste Incineration

Large Combustion Plants

(LCP) Directive 2001/80/EC

European

Pollutant

Release and

Transfer Waste Incineration

Directive 2000/76/EC

Directive on the limitation

of emissions of VOC from

solvents 1999/13/EC

Directives related to the

titanium dioxide industry

78/176, 82/883 and 92/112

Transfer

Register

(E-PRTR)

Regulation

166/2006

Industrial Emissions Directive (IED)

2010/75/EU

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Page 4: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

1.2 IED scope - types of installations

• Large variety of industrial / agro-industrial activities (see Annex 1 of IED)

• 55,000 installations in Europe

1. Energy industries…

3. Mineral industries…

4. Chemical industries…

5. Waste management…

6. Other – e.g. Intensive

livestock farming…

2. Metal industries…

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Page 5: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

1.3 IED scope - environmental issues

emissions

to wateremissions

to landemissions

to air

waste prevention

and recovery energy &

water useprevention

and control

of accidents

noise

vibration

heatodour

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Page 6: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

1.4 Structure of the IED

• Ch. I: Common provisions

• Ch. II: Provisions for all activities listed in Annex I

• Ch. III: Special provisions for large combustion plants

BAT based

permit

conditions

• Ch. III: Special provisions for large combustion plants

• Ch. IV: Special provisions for waste (co-)incineration

• Ch. V: Special provisions for installations and activities using organic solvents

• Ch. VI: Special provisions for installations producing TiO2

Ch. VII: Committee, transitional and final provisions

• Annexes Sectoral « minimum »

requirements e.g.

emission limit values 6

Page 7: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

1.5 IED essential requirements (selected)

• Achieve a high level of protection for the environment

as a whole

• Prevent pollution and, if not feasible, reduce• Prevent pollution and, if not feasible, reduce

• Permit is required for operating the installation

• Permit conditions to include:

• emission limit values (ELVs) for all relevant pollutants

• ELVs based on the use of the best available techniques (BAT)

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Page 8: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

IED

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Permit conditions Key provisions on BAT

Page 9: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

2.1 Best Available Techniques (BAT)

most effective

Best

developed on a scale to the technology

Available Techniques

most effective

in achieving a

high general

level of

protection of

the

environment

as a whole

developed on a scale to

be implemented in the

relevant industrial

sector, under

economically and

technically viable

conditions, advantages

balanced against costs

the technology

used and the

way the

installation is

designed, built,

maintained,

operated and

decommissioned

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Page 10: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

2.2 BAT information exchange

“Sevilla Process”

BREF

(with BAT conclusions)10

Page 11: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

Revision of a BREFIndustry

Member States+ EFTA and Accession CountriesTWG

kick-off meeting

Draft 1 (D1) CommentsComments

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Draft 1 (D1)

[Draft 2 (D2)]

Final TWG meeting

Forum

opinion

Final draft

InformationInformationBREFBREF

BATBAT

concluconclu--

sionssions

“Sevilla Process”

Page 12: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

2.6 Role of BAT conclusions in permitting

BAT conclusions are the reference for setting

permit conditions

Within 4 years, permits should contain BREFWithin 4 years, permits should contain

emission limit values (ELVs) to ensure that,

under normal operating conditions ensure,

emissions do not exceed BAT emission

levels (BAT AELs)

Derogation from BAT AELs is only allowed in specific and

justified cases:• costs are disproportionately higher than benefits due to local /

installation specific situation

• MS report to the public / Commission on use of derogations

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PERMIT

Page 13: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

2.7 Current BREF 'family'

• 35 in total• Publicly accessible• Frequent updates

BAT is a dynamic concept

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• BAT is a dynamic concept – aim for an 8-year cycle

Page 14: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

IED

Some other important

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Some other important provisions

Page 15: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

Sectoral “minimum” requirements for combustion plants (Chapter III – Annex V)

• Will replace current provisions of LCP Directive

• Status as EU-wide “minimum” requirements confirmed

• Stricter emission limits for SO2, NOx and dust • Stricter emission limits for SO2, NOx and dust

• aligned with BAT levels (upper end of range)from the LCP BREF (2006)

• from Jan 2013 on for new plants

• from 1 Jan 2016 on for existing plants

• Clarification that “plant” = “common stack”

• “de minimis” rule (15 MW)

Page 16: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

• Transitional flexibilities

• TNP option for some plants until 30 June 2020

• opt out possible if < 17,500 operating hours 1/1/2016 -31/12/2023 (NOT for LCPD Art 4(4) plants)

• small isolated systems: � 31/12/2019

Flexibilities in relation to combustion plants

• small isolated systems: � 31/12/2019

• some district heating plants: � 31/12/2022

Permit conditions as applicable on 31/12/2015 under IPPC/LCP Dir need to be maintained during these periods

• Other flexibilities

• peak load plants (< 1500 h/y)

• plants firing solid indigenous fuels: SO2 ELV may be replaced by min. desulphurisation rates

• Specific regime for oil shale

Page 17: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

IED – Cessation of activities (Art. 22)

• Baseline report

• Required where relevant hazardous substances are used or produced

• Contains information on the state of soil and groundwater

contamination by hazardous substances

• Criteria for content to be established in COM guidance

• Site closure / remediation

• Once activity stops operating: operator assesses the state of soil and

groundwater contamination and compares with baseline report

• Where significant pollution: operator shall take necessary

measures so as to return the site to the “baseline” state

• Where significant risk to human health and the environment:

operator shall take necessary actions aimed at the removal, control,

containment or reduction of relevant hazardous substances, so that

the site ceases to pose significant risk

Page 18: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

IED – Environmental inspections (Art. 23)

• environmental inspection plan at national, regional or local level

covering all installations

• CA shall regularly draw up programmes for routine environmental

inspections, incl. frequency of site visits

• Frequency: determined on the basis of risk appraisal of installations, but • Frequency: determined on the basis of risk appraisal of installations, but

minimum yearly (highest risk) up to 3-yearly (lowest risk)

• Criteria: potential/actual impacts, compliance track, EMAS, ...

• If inspection has identified important case of non-compliance: additional site

visit within 6 months

• Non-routine environmental inspections

• serious environmental complaints, serious environmental accidents, incidents

and occurrences of non-compliance, and before

granting/reconsidering/updating permit

• Following each site visit: report to be notified to operator concerned

within 2 months and made publicly available within 4 months of site visit

Page 19: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

IED – Access to information (Art. 24)

• The competent authority shall make available to the

public via the Internet the following information:

• the content of the decision, including a copy of the permit and any subsequent updates;

• the reasons on which the decision is based;

• where a derogation is granted in accordance with Article 15(4), the specific reasons for that derogation based on the criteria laid down in that paragraph and the conditions imposed

Page 20: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

IED Timeline

1/1/2016

7/1/2013

6/1/2011 7/1/2014

7/7/2015

� Entry into force of IED

� Member States fully transpose the IED.

The Directive applies to all new installations from this date onwards.

� All existing installations previously subject to IPPC, WI, SE and TiO2 Directives must meet

the requirements of the IED.

Existing LCP do not yet need to meet new ELVs (Ch. III, Annex V).

� Existing installations operating newly prescribed activities (e.g. waste installations, wood

based panels, wood preservation) must meet the requirements of the IED.

� Existing LCP must meet the requirements set out in Chapter III and Annex V

Page 21: The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU · Overview of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... Waste Incineration Large Combustion Plants ... from the LCP BREF (2006)

For more information

• DG ENV industrial emissions website

• http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/index.htmary/index.htm

• European IPPC Bureau (BREFs)http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/

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