The Importance of Design

The Eiffel Tower

• Who– Design – Gustave Eiffel – Structure - Maurice Koechlin &

- Émile Nouguier–Workers - 300

• What- 324m metal Structure• When – Built 1887- 1889• Where- Paris, France.• Why – Entrance to World Fair

Structure Facts

• 81 floors• 500, 000 rivets• 18, 038 pieces of iron• 7300 tonnes metal TOTAL 10, 000 tonnes (cars)

• DESIGN

In the 19th Century

• Highly criticised• Permit for 20 years (Lease)– Goes to City to be pulled down.

Days to Day facts

• Most paid visited monument in the World• Used to prove wind resistance (surface area)• Expands 18cm with heat• By 1889- 75% of revenue had been recouped (1.9 million guests in the first 5.5 months)

Eiffel Layout• 324m high

» 125m wide» Google Earth view» 4 platforms

– 2 restaurants : second floor, 120 seats & first floor, 200 people with different decor– Dress code– 1 snack-bar- first and second floors1 bar- first floor

• Dress code• Next to a river/ parks- not next to houses.• Design- see through• Safety/ security- lifts & fences/ guards.

– All services- water, food.– Entry- car parks, traffic.

TASK

• Design our own Cafe to be built in or on or near the Eiffel Tower.– Who- are my customers/ staff– What- is to be served/ the image– When- will it be open– Where- will it be located– Why- Why is this way chosen– How- will it look?

DECIDE

• Walls or windows? Cost? Benefits/ Losses• Many seats or few seats? Benefits/ Losses• Kitchen or no kitchen? Benefits/ Losses• Plants or no plants? Benefits/ Losses• Table settings cheap or expensive? Benefits/

Losses

The (Gustave) Eiffel Tower continues

Start of the 20th Century

• 1905 – Used as a radio tower (prev. Demolition?)• 1910 - Cosmic rays discovered (small energy

particles in the air)• 1914 - German Radio transmitter jammed by

tower device in WW1• 1925 – Advertising for Citroen• 1940 –Cables cut so Hitler had to climb the lift– Hitler ordered E.T. To be demolished- order disobeyed

Beyond the 1950’s

• 1950 – Mass held on the firs floor• 1957 – Radio tower added• 1980’s – Restaurant dismantled from within tower

and sent to New Orleans. 11, 000 pieces• 1987 – Bunjee jumper- arrested.• 2000 – NYE display • 2002 – 200, 000, 000 visitor• 2004- Skating rink for 1 month• Still today- Radio and TV broadcast from E.T.

Tower Competitions

• Flying over the tower• Flying under the tower• 1905 – Fastest person up the stairs• 1923 – Bike ride down the stairs• 1983 – Motorbike up and down the stairs• 2004 – Mountain bike up• 2005 – Wheelchair down the stairs• Elephant walk to the first floor• Victor Lustig sold E.T. for scrap metal- wasn’t for sale

References• http://simplebrowser.blogspot.com/2009/02/construction-of-eiffel-tower-in.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower• http://books.google.com/books?

id=wYbt_U_FjWgC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=eiffel+tower++aeroplane+radio+transmissions&source=bl&ots=dS6kwYN2-X&sig=iW_GMEK1leai02pMx2bXfZiQA-o&hl=en&ei=BC-6TdKlFoLE0QHsvJmAAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false

• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/374/1897scroll.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/phrase/374/scroll.html&usg=__HXnpx84wRTGSoB4e0hvayxtjpFg=&h=466&w=700&sz=77&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=0pJhk45ccjlOZM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=195&ei=iMS6TcDrBYW0vwO6upyEBg&prev=/search%3Fq%3DScroll%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D596%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=503&vpy=129&dur=59&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=125&ty=93&page=1&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0

Dearest Great-Great-Great-Great- Great- Great Grandchildren,I know you are many years away from the world we are in now, we have horses to travel, and candles for light, and ink-wells to keep ink on our pens with which I write this to you now.Someday, you will turn 14, alike all of your cousins around you. When you turn 14, this tower may become yours, with 3 friends- all that I require for you to inherit this Tower is to have the best purpose for it. For many years it has been a place for eating and seeing our beautiful city of Paris from above- however, if people no-longer wish to eat on the tower, and view the city from the tower, I fear the tower may be no-more. One of you will inherit this Tower, should your cousins feel your idea is the best, it shall become yours.I wish you all the best as the keepers of the Eiffel Tower, the design should still be firm, you may modify it, or you may keep it as it is- all I ask is the tower lives for your Great Grandchildren to see it also.Sincerely, Gustave Eiffel

ACTIVITY

1. Think of 3 ideas (1 min)2. Compare with partner- pick the best (2min)3. Who, What, When, Where, Why & How.

(2min)4. Discuss Idea with another pair (2 mins)5. Best Idea is presented to class by group