the human organism and the perpetuation of life. write the black, read the red

93
The Human Organism and The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of the Perpetuation of Life Life

Upload: eric-kelley

Post on 05-Jan-2016

224 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

The Human Organism and The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Lifethe Perpetuation of Life

Page 2: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

• Write the black, read the red

Page 3: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT CELLS?

Page 4: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Follow in workbook pg. 67

Page 5: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

The Cell

building blocks of all living organisms.

Start= all the same, become specialized.

Page 6: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Use pg. 127 of your textbook to help you fill in the cell diagram

• We will only really focus on the Nucleus, DNA, and the Mitochondria

Page 7: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Homework: Workbook pg. 68

Page 8: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)

DNA = a double helix molecule located in the cell nucleus

when straightened looks like a ladder.

Page 9: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

adenine thymine

guanine cytosine

Page 10: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Label diagram on pg. 69 of workbook using pg. 128 of the textbook

Page 11: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

The Human Genome

A genome = complete set of genetic information of an individual

Page 12: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Genes

Page 13: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Genes

= a section of DNA with genetic information required for a particular job.

small differences between each of our genes, making us all different

Page 14: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Genetic Diversity All possible variation of genes = e.g. blue, brown

eyes

Only identical twins are genetically identical

Page 15: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

• More individuals in a population = greater the genetic diversity (larger gene pool)

Page 16: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

• The smaller the gene pool, the more genetic abnormalities

Page 17: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Homework: Workbook pg. 70

Page 18: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Discussion: Textbook Pg 152, Questions 1-7

Page 19: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Cell Division

Page 20: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Cell Division

= the process to produce new cells to: increase cell count (grow)regenerate damaged/broken tissuesexual reproduction

Cells not dividing all the time = interphase

Page 21: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Chromosomes

• Has genetic material from father and mother

• 23 pairs = total of 46 chromosomes (2n, or diploid)

Page 22: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Chromosomes

Human Cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes

Tightly coiled DNA strand gives the chromosome its recognizable shape

Page 23: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Caryotype of a male Caryotype of a female

Page 24: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Before cell divides = copies all DNA

bases = proper sequence until 2 identical strands.

Page 25: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Fill in Workbook pg. 71 and the handout using pg. 134 of textbook

Page 26: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Stages of Mitosis film

Page 27: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

• mitosis models

Page 28: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Meiosis= sex cell division

division of certain cells = produce sperm and ovum (gametes)

Gives 4 daughter cells, each with 23 chromosomes (n or haploid)

Page 29: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Meiosis filmMeiosis film

Page 30: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Fill in workbook pg. 72 using pg. 135 of textbook

Page 31: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Daughter cell comparison

Mitosis• 23 pairs of

chromosomes

• Diploid (2n)

• 2 daughter cells produced

Meiosis• 23 chromosomes

• Haploid (n)

• 4 daughter cells produced

Page 32: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Workbook pg. 73 & 74

Page 33: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Discussion: textbook Pg. 152, questions 8-15

Page 34: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Cellular Specialization

Page 35: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Follow on pg. 75 of workbook

Page 36: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Tissues ,Organs and Systems

Our cells = specialized but work together Tissues = Cells with common function Organs= a structure made of various tissues

with specific function Systems= group of organs and tissues

working together

Page 37: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Tissues

1. Epithelial tissue:

Function: Covers & protects organs (inside and out)

E.g. skin, lining of stomach, lining of lungs, etc.

Page 38: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

2. Connective tissue:

Function: Binds & supports tissues and organs, provides protection & nutrients

E.g. tendons, cartilage, blood, bones, fat

Page 39: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

3. Nervous tissue:

Function: Control and guide body activity, transmit messages

E.g. brain, spinal cord, nerves

Page 40: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

4. Muscular tissue:

Function: contract & regain shape =making body move

e.g. heart, internal organs, skeletal muscles

Page 41: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Organ Systems group of organs and tissues that work

together to perform a task. e.g. The respiratory system

Page 42: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Discussion: Textbook Pg. 153, questions 16-18

Page 43: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Homework: Workbook pg. 76

Page 44: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Cells and tissues colouring• Colour the diagram according to the cell

and tissue type

• All similar letters get coloured the same colour

• E.g. This handout shows individual epithelial cells, a small group of epithelial cells, and epithelial tissue. They all get coloured the same colour

Page 45: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

The Reproductive System

Stages of human development

Page 46: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Fertilization = fusion of an ovum (n) and a spermatozoan

(n). Gives 1 complete cell, zygote, with all genetic material (2n)

Page 47: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red
Page 48: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Conception video

Page 49: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Stages of human growth

Page 50: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Puberty• The change that prepares the human body for

reproduction.

• Usually occurs between ages 10-14

Page 51: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

• The beginning of puberty is marked by a progressive increase in the production of sex hormones.

• Hormones are chemical messengers transported by blood to control actions of organs

Page 52: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Hormones

WomenHormones that trigger puberty

•FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

•LH (luteinizing hormone)

function

•Stimulate maturation of ova

•Stimulate ovaries to produce female sex hormones

Page 53: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Hormones

WomenSex hormones

•Estrogens, progesterone

function

•Start develop primary and secondary sexual characteristics

Page 54: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Hormones

MenHormones that trigger puberty

•FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

•LH (luteinizing hormone)

function

•Stimulate production of spermatozoa

•Stimulate testicles to produce male sex hormones

Page 55: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Hormones

MenSex hormones

•testosterone

function

•Start develop primary and secondary sexual characteristics

Page 56: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Sexual characteristics

Primary sexual characteristics

Women

•Genital organs mature

•Menstrual cycle begins

Secondary sexual characteristics

Women

•body hair appears

•Breasts develop

•Pelvis widens

Page 57: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Sexual characteristics

Primary sexual characteristics

Men

•Genital organs mature

Secondary sexual characteristics

Men

•body hair appears

•Skeletal muscles grow

•Larynx enlarges (voice drops)

Page 58: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Homework: pg. 78 in Workbook

Page 59: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Discussion: Textbook Pg. 154, questions 19-23

Page 60: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Female reproductive system

Page 61: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Fill in the diagram on pg. 79 of the workbook using pg. 144 of your textbook

Page 62: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Oogenesis

• = the process of ovum (egg) production by meiosis

Page 63: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

The Ovarian Cycle

• = the process whereby a single ovarian follicle matures (in order to release an ovum) and changes into a corpus luteum (in order to encourage the implatation of the ovum in the uterus)

Page 64: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Oogenesis & The Ovarian Cycle

Page 65: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

The Menstrual Cycle

• Represents all of the periodic changes in the uterine endometrium

Page 66: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

The Menstrual Cycle

• Has three phases:

Menstrual phase

Proliferation phase

Secretory phase

Page 67: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Fill in page 80 of your workbook using the tables on page 146 and 147 of your textbook

Page 68: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Menopause

• Occurs in women over the age of 40

• Ovarian and Menstrual end

• End of fertility

Page 69: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Homework: Pg. 81 & 82 in workbook

Page 70: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Discussion Questions: pg. 154 #24-31

Page 71: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Male Reproductive System

Page 72: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Fill in the diagram on pg. 83 of the workbook using pg. 149 of your textbook

Page 73: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red
Page 74: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Spermatogenesis

• = the process of sperm production by meiosis

Page 75: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Erection and Ejaculation

• An ERECTION involves the increase in volume and rigidity of the penis as a result of sexual arousal

• EJACULATION is the expulsion of semen by the penis

Page 76: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Birth Control

• Have a look at page 151 in your textbook

Page 77: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Homework: page 84 of your workbook

Page 78: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Discussion Questions: Pg. 155# 32-34

Page 79: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

• Using the the words on page 155 to fill in concept maps 1-3 for Chapter 5 of your textbook.

• You can use your notes too.

Build a Concept Map

Page 80: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Study questions: workbook pg. 85-88, questions 1-21

Page 81: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 68

1. They are the basic units of all living beings

2. A) Nucleus

B) Cell Membrane

C) Cytoplasm

3. A) cytosol

B) Endoplasmic reticulum

C) Lysosomes

Page 82: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 68D) Nucleus

E) Cell membraneF) MitochondriaG) Endoplasmic reticulum or ribosomes

H) Golgi apparatus

I) DNA

J) Nuclear membrane

4. A) Yes B) No C) Yes D) No

Page 83: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 701. Example answers: digesting nutrients, making

hair grow, repairing wounds, sending messages to another cell, giving eyes their color, etc.

2. - sexual reproduction - large population

3. A) DNA B) Gene

C) Genome D) Genetic Diversity

4. Identical twins

Page 84: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 705. A) adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

B) 2

C) because each base always binds with the same base

6. No, these unions will not be beneficial because they will decrease genetic diversity. There will therefore be a greater risk of genetic diseases developing

Page 85: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 731. a) True b) True c) False d)

True

2. A) Chromosomes or a human genome

B) because one chromosome comes from your mom, the other from your dad

3. a) telophase b) metaphase

c) anaphase d) prophase

4. a) male gametes or sperm(atozoa)

b) female gametes or ova (eggs)

Page 86: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 745.

Similarities: The parent cell is diploid, the DNA from the parent cell coils and condenses to form pairs of chromosomes with identical chromatids

Differences: During meiosis cell divides twice instead of only once, in meiosis the four daughter cells end up with only half the genetic material while in mitosis the two daughter cells have the same genetic material as parent cell

Page 87: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 746.

7. Diploid cells have twice as many chromosomes as haploid cell, or diploid cells have two copies of each gene while haploid cells have only one

Cell division method Example Function

Mitosis Our bones getting longer during childhood

Growth

Mitosis A scar forming when we cut ourselves

Repair

Meiosis Production of gametes Sexual reproduction

Mitosis Dead skin cells replaced by new cells

Tissue repair

Page 88: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 761. a) muscle tissue b) connective tissue

c) nerve tissue

2.

3. A – cartilage tissue B – bone tissue

C – blood tissue D – fatty tissue

4. System: Cardiovascular System Organ: Heart Tissue: Muscle Tissue

Function Examples

cover and protect Epithelial tissue of the skin

secrete Epithelial tissue of salvary glands

absorb Epithelial tissue of the small intestine

filter Epithelial tissue of the kidney

Page 89: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 781.

2. See diagram in textbook

3. A – yes, secondary B – no

C – yes, primary D – yes, secondary

E – yes, primary F – no

G – yes, secondary

4. Through fertilization of the mother’s ova by the father’s spermatozoa

Hormone Gland Female Male

FSH, LH, progesterone, estrogen, testosterone

Pituitary gland Estrogen, Progesterone

Testosterone

Page 90: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 811. See diagram in textbook

2. A – 3 B – 4 C – 2

D – 6 E – 5 F – 1

3. a) ovarian follicle ruptures (ovulation)

b) Ovarian follicle changes into a corpus luteum

c) Menstruation or increase in FSH production

d) Thickening of the endometrium or decrease in the production of FSH and LH

e) An ovarian follicle develops

Page 91: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 824. Menstrual phase – 2 to 6

Proliferation phase – 7 to12

Ovulation – 13

Secretory phase – 14 to 26

Menstrual phase – 27 to 31

5. a) Ovarian follicle b) Pituitary gland

c) Corpus Luteum d) Uterus

e) Ovarian follicle f) Endometrium

Page 92: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 82

6. Ovulation will take place of the 16th day because it occurs after a surge of FSH hormones

Page 93: The Human Organism and the Perpetuation of Life. Write the black, read the red

Page 841. a) seminiferous tubules in the testicles

b) Spermatogenesis

c) Spermatogonia

d) Prostate and seminal vesicles

e) Corpora cavernosa and spongiosa

2. A – C – E – B – D

3. See diagram in textbook