THE HOLOCAUST

BRUNO BETTELHEIM’S

a presentation byDAWA DOLMA LAMA

MANOJ SUNARNIRAJ PUDASAINI

CONTENTS• Writer’s introduction• About holocaust• Inside essay• Style and structure

BRUNO BETTELHEIM

( August 28,1903 – March 13,1990 )

• An Austrian- born American child psychologist and writer

• Earned a degree in philosophy at the University of Vienna, receiving his doctorate in 1938 in psychology

• After the merging of Austria into greater Germany (April 1938) the authorities sent him to Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camp for 11 months ,as a result of an amnesty declared for Hitler's birthday(april,20 1939) he regained his freedom and arrived in USA as a refugee

• Worked as a professor of psychology in university of Chicago from 1944 to 1973

• Also served as a director of the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School, a home that treats emotionally disturbed children

• He gained reputation for his work on Freud, psychoanalysis and emotionally disturbed children (autism)

• He was an award wining writer, he wrote many book in child psychology, Freudian psychology, and about holocaust

• His famous books includes “Love Is Not Enough”, “Uses Of Enchantment” etc.

• At the end of his life he suffered from depression and paralysis, he committed suicide by placing a plastic bag over his head

Holocaust.MP4

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According to Oxford dictionary:

Holocaust /noun 1 [c] a situation in which many things are destroyed and many people killed, especially because of war or a fire 2 the holocaust [sing.] the killings of millions of Jews by the Nazis in the 1930s and 1940sGenocide /noun [u]the murder of a whole race or group of peopleMartyr /noun a person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs

WHAT WAS THE HOLOCAUST?

In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million. The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, thought "inferior," were an alien threat to the so called German racial community. By 1945, the Germans and their collaborators killed nearly two out of every three European Jews as part of the "Final Solution," the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe which came to known as holocaust.

Europe At The Height Of Nazi German Domination

The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.

Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger to Germany, were the primary victims of Nazi racism, other victims included some 200,000 Roma (Gypsies), at least 200,000 mentally or physically disabled patients who were murdered in the so-called Euthanasia Program. Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists and homosexuals.

GAS CHAMBERS

CYANIDE POW

INSIDE THE ESSAYIn this essay he shows his resentment for using the highly technical and specially created term like holocaust, genocide or martyrdom to the Nazi extermination of the 6 million European Jews. He believes that the term like holocaust, genocide, martyrdom are all linguistic circumlocution. He even compares this word with the Nazis term for extermination “the final solution of the Jews people”.He thinks that these technical terms separates intellectual from the emotional experience.

HOLOCAUST

• The actual meaning of holocaust is brunt offering to god for some great purpose.

• By using the term holocaust people are correlating the most vicious mass murder and ancient deeply religious nature.

• He believed that by saying it holocaust they are trying to rob the only thing left to them, their uniqueness.

• He says that its blasphemy to call this must horrid mass murder a holocaust.

GENOCIDE

• He also shows his disagreement to the term genocide used by the Nuremberg judges.

• He accuse them for trying to hide the real pain of mass murder behind polite, intellectual terms like genocide made out of classical word.

• He says that genocide is a neologism made up from Greek and Latin root which fail to connect with their strongest feelings.

MARTYRDOM

• By calling them martyrs we falsify their fate.

• Martyrs are those who voluntarily undergoes the penalty of death for refusing to reject their faith.

• But Nazis killed all Jews who had converted to Christianity ,atheist or deeply religious Jews.

• Jews didn’t die for their conviction and Nazis didn’t kill them for their conviction they were killed because they stood in the way of realization of an illusion.

By calling the victims, martyrs or burnt offering for our small psychological relief it gives the meaning that they died for some higher reason or they offer themselves which both are not true.so its irrelevant to call them martyrs or burnt offering because it will rob them of their last recognition or dignity “to face and accept death”. Though it gives us a moral lift that some of them fight back like in Warsaw ghetto and they acted out of choice but by dwelling on those few resistant fighter it will be unfair to those who didn’t fight back and gave in and remained in their fate.

Features of the essay

Its an extended definition essay. An essay which explains word, term or concept in depth by providing a personal interpretation on what the particular subject means is known as definition essay.

The term holocaust is an abstract term so it has different meanings for different individuals since such terms play on people feelings more than their physical sense.

The thesis of this essay is not explicitly stated. But in the whole essay the writer is saying that its not justifiable to use term like holocaust, genocide and martyrdom to the Jews extermination by Nazis.

THESIS

Structure Of An Essay• The body of an this essay is

using mainly narrative and descriptive pattern and he has also used classification and cause and effect pattern of organization to assists his explanation.

• He has given many etymon like of genocide, holocaust, martyrdom etc.

• He has given the description of some words.

• He has also given brief idea about the origin and cause of this mass murder (holocaust).