the history of anti-semitism the roots of anti-semitism in germany go back a very long time. the...

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The History of Anti- Semitism The roots of anti-Semitism in Germany go back a very long time. The foundation of hate the Nazis built on was formed centuries earlier. Jews rarely lived in peace for long as far back as the ancient Roman Empire (63 BC).

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The History of Anti-Semitism

The roots of anti-Semitism in Germany go back a very long time.

The foundation of hate the Nazis built on was formed centuries earlier.

Jews rarely lived in peace for long as far back as the ancient Roman Empire (63 BC).

11th Century- Christian knights went on crusades to convert or kill the Muslims of the Middle East;

they found easier victims closer to home

Crusades continued… German Christian Crusaders

massacred thousands of Jews in German towns

Jews were called “Christ killers” in the early years of Christianity; a belief that persisted through the centuries

Middle Ages Jews were said to have poisoned wells causing

years of the plague (“Black Death”) that killed millions in Europe

In the years of the Plague over 200 Jewish communities were destroyed; thousands of Jews were killed

Painting: The Black Plague 1349

“Blood Libel”During the Middle Ages, Jews were charged with the ritual murder of Christian children, and said to use their blood during religious ceremonies

The Nazis later used this in their propaganda against the Jews

Jewish communities were raided and destroyed

Jewish children were taken from their parents and raised as Christians

Jews were burned at the stake because they refused to give up their religion

Middle Ages continued…

Jews were expelled from country after country

Jews were expelled from England, France, and Spain

Many settled in Eastern Europe, especially Poland

Massacres and pogroms directed at the Jews took place from the 5th to the 20th centuries

Jewish Laws – what they could and could not do

Jews were forbidden to be doctors, lawyers, or teachers of non-Jews

Jews were not allowed to sell food to Christians

Jews could not be cared for by Christian nurses

Jews were not allowed to live in the same houses as non-Jews

Jews were forced to wear a special article of clothing or a cloth badge

•Jews were forced to live in separate walled areas called ghettos

•In the 1800’s signs began to appear that were the building blocks of Nazism

•Anti-Semitic incidents grew in number and violence

Jewish Laws continued…

Anti-Semitic Programs Continue into Modern Times

In 1879 Wilhelm Marr used the word “anti-Semitism” for the first time

Marr, known as the father of modern anti-Semitism, based his ideas on what he called“racial” rather than religious characteristics of Jews

This was an important change in the history of Jewish persecution

Jews began to be thought of as a race for the first time

This belief said Jews were different by birth from everyone else

This idea was the cornerstone of Nazi anti-Semitism

Anti-Jewish books and pamphlets appeared:1903: “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion’ appeared in Russia. Inflammatory propaganda about secret plan of a Jewish conspiracy to take over the world

It was translated into German and sold by thousands.

Anti-Semitic programs continued into

modern times

pogroms in Russia, Poland, and the Ukraine (pogrom-an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group)

1918-1920-about 100,000 Jews murdered in western Ukraine

1919-1921-60,000 Jews killed in pogroms in Poland and Ukraine

1934 100 Jews killed in pogrom in Algeria

1935 increased violence and discrimination against Jews in Poland

1936,1938 more pogroms in Poland

November 9-10, 1938 Kristallnacht - Germany and Austria

KRISTALLNACHT

Laws and actions against the Jews increase

1927 Jewish cemeteries throughout Germany are desecrated by Nazis, synagogues in Romania destroyed

1933 first concentration camp is established: Dachau1933 boycott of Jewish lawyers, doctors, and merchants, economic and employment sanctions against Jews increasing

1933 book burning of “non German” books (mostly Jewish)

1933 Jews banned from fields of journalism, art, literature, music, broadcasting, and theater1935 Nuremberg Laws: deprived Jews of citizenship, took away voting and other rights

1933-1939 more than 1400 anti-Jewish laws are passed in Germany

The Final Solution Wannsee Conference

the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish people

the Nazis began the systematic deportation of Jews from all over Europe to six extermination camps established in former Polish territory

In its entirety, the "Final Solution" consisted of gassings, shootings, random acts of terror, disease, and starvation that accounted for the deaths of about six million Jews -- two-thirds of European Jewry