The Growth of The Growth of Judaism Judaism

Growth of JudaismGrowth of Judaism

During their time in During their time in exileexile, the , the Israelite religion became known as Israelite religion became known as JudaismJudaism– Forced to live in a foreign landForced to live in a foreign land

Growth of JudaismGrowth of Judaism

While in Babylon, Jews met on the While in Babylon, Jews met on the SabbathSabbath– weekly day of worshipweekly day of worship

These meetings took place at These meetings took place at synagoguessynagogues– Jewish houses of worship Jewish houses of worship

Why Did Jews Return to Why Did Jews Return to Judah?Judah?

In the 500s BC, the Persians In the 500s BC, the Persians conquered the Chaldeans and took conquered the Chaldeans and took over Babylonover Babylon

The Persian king allowed Jews to The Persian king allowed Jews to return to Judahreturn to Judah

Some went back and rebuilt the Some went back and rebuilt the templetemple

Why Did Jews Return to Why Did Jews Return to Judah?Judah?

Jews then wrote the five book of the Jews then wrote the five book of the TorahTorah (writings of Moses) on (writings of Moses) on parchmentparchment– sewed them togethersewed them together– these and other writings would become these and other writings would become

the Hebrew Biblethe Hebrew Bible

What Is in the Hebrew What Is in the Hebrew Bible?Bible?

Includes the 5 books of the Torah Includes the 5 books of the Torah and 34 other booksand 34 other books– Describes events in Jewish historyDescribes events in Jewish history

The Jews Look to the FutureThe Jews Look to the Future

Parts of the Bible described God’s Parts of the Bible described God’s plan for a peaceful futureplan for a peaceful future

The Jews believed that evil and The Jews believed that evil and suffering would eventually be suffering would eventually be replaced by goodnessreplaced by goodness

The Jews and the GreeksThe Jews and the Greeks In 334 BC, Alexander In 334 BC, Alexander

the Great began taking the Great began taking over kingdoms around over kingdoms around the Mediterranean the Mediterranean

In 331, he defeated the In 331, he defeated the Persians and Judah Persians and Judah came under his controlcame under his control– Alexander introduced the Alexander introduced the

Greek language and Greek language and Greek ways to JudahGreek ways to Judah

The Jews and the GreeksThe Jews and the Greeks

Jews that were outside of Judah were Jews that were outside of Judah were known as the Diaspora (Greek for known as the Diaspora (Greek for “scattered”)“scattered”)– They learned the Greek language and They learned the Greek language and

copied the Bible into Greekcopied the Bible into Greek This helped spread Jewish ideas to the non-This helped spread Jewish ideas to the non-

Jewish worldJewish world

Who were the Maccabees?Who were the Maccabees?

In 168 BC, a Greek In 168 BC, a Greek Ruler name Ruler name Antiochus Antiochus controlled Judahcontrolled Judah– Tried to force Jews Tried to force Jews

to worship Greek to worship Greek gods and gods and goddessesgoddesses

Who were the Maccabees?Who were the Maccabees?

Under command of a priest names Under command of a priest names Judas Maccabeus, an army of Jews Judas Maccabeus, an army of Jews forced the Greeks out of Egypt.forced the Greeks out of Egypt.– They rid Judah of all gods and goddessesThey rid Judah of all gods and goddesses

HanukkahHanukkah

Made the temple a worship place for the God of Made the temple a worship place for the God of Israel aloneIsrael alone

Today, Jews celebrate Hanukkah to remember Today, Jews celebrate Hanukkah to remember the cleansing of the templethe cleansing of the temple

The Jews and RomansThe Jews and Romans

In 63 BC, the Romans took over In 63 BC, the Romans took over JudahJudah– Renamed it Judaea Renamed it Judaea

They allowed Jewish rulers to run They allowed Jewish rulers to run Judaea (at first)Judaea (at first)

The Rule of King HerodThe Rule of King Herod

Herod was the king Herod was the king who ruled Judaea who ruled Judaea when Jesus was when Jesus was bornborn– Known for his crueltyKnown for his cruelty

After he died, the After he died, the Romans replaced Romans replaced Herod with Roman Herod with Roman officialsofficials

The Rule of King HerodThe Rule of King Herod

One group of Jews was known as the One group of Jews was known as the PhariseesPharisees– They taught the Torah and how to apply They taught the Torah and how to apply

it to everyday lifeit to everyday life

The Rule of King HerodThe Rule of King Herod

Another group, the Sadducees, were Another group, the Sadducees, were more concerned with how the Torah more concerned with how the Torah applied to priestsapplied to priests

Jewish RevoltsJewish Revolts

During the AD 60s, Jewish hatred for During the AD 60s, Jewish hatred for Romans was at its peakRomans was at its peak

A groups of Jews known as the A groups of Jews known as the Zealots revolted and drove the Zealots revolted and drove the Romans out of JerusalemRomans out of Jerusalem

Jewish RevoltsJewish Revolts

4 years later, the Romans retook the 4 years later, the Romans retook the citycity– They destroyed the templeThey destroyed the temple

The Western Wall is all that remains todayThe Western Wall is all that remains today

Jewish RevoltsJewish Revolts

The Jews revolted again in 132 AD, The Jews revolted again in 132 AD, but were shut down easilybut were shut down easily– The Romans then forbade Jews from The Romans then forbade Jews from

living or even visiting Jerusalemliving or even visiting Jerusalem– They renamed it PalestineThey renamed it Palestine

Jewish TeachersJewish Teachers

The Jews no longer had priests, but The Jews no longer had priests, but instead they had instead they had rabbisrabbis– Teachers of the TorahTeachers of the Torah

Many rabbis founded Torah schools Many rabbis founded Torah schools in order pass on its teachingsin order pass on its teachings

In 1948 Palestine was divided and a In 1948 Palestine was divided and a new nation called Israel was creatednew nation called Israel was created