the great war
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The Great War. 1914-1918 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2CgUIrBHoo. Outbreak of WWI. Long term causes for the outbreak of World War I Militarism The belief that a nation needs a large military force Alliances Agreement between countries Nationalism - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Great War
1914-1918http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2CgUIrBHoo
Outbreak of WWILong term causes for the outbreak of World War I
• Militarism– The belief that a nation needs a large military force
• Alliances– Agreement between countries
• Nationalism– The feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness of one’s
country• Imperialism
– The policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over a weaker nation.
World War I Opponents
Allies Central Powers
Great BritainFranceRussiaSerbiaBelgiumUnited States
GermanyAustria-HungaryBulgariaOttoman Empire
Outbreak of WarImmediate cause of the outbreak of WWI
• Assassination– Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife
were murdered in Sarajevo June 28, 1914• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia; soon after
other European countries were following (because of alliances)—leading to the outbreak of WWI
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfxrTD-kPps
Reasons for U.S. involvement in War• Inability to remain neutral
– Sinking of American merchant ships– Alliance with Great Britain
• German submarine warfare– German u-boats torpedoed several merchant ships
without warning—unrestricted warfare.• Sinking of the Lusitania
– Germany torpedoed the British passenger ship killing 1,198 people including 128 Americans
• U.S. economic and political ties to Great Britain• The Zimmerman Telegram
World War I:The United States enters the war
The Untied States Declares WarWilson is reelected in 1916 and events quickly turned the US towards war.
Zimmerman Telegram:• German official named Arthur Zimmerman,
instructed the German ambassador to propose an ally between Mexico and Germany.
• Germany wanted the US forces to be tied down to Mexico, not Europe.
• Plan fails when British intelligence intercepts the Zimmerman Telegram.
• In March 1917, Germany continues with unrestricted submarine warfare; sinking three American ships. – Wilsonasks for a declaration of War, April 6,
1917http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBjSeQ602ZI
The Home FrontStep 1: Building up the Military
• Selected Service– All men between the ages of 21-30 were required to
register for the draft and a lottery randomly determined the order they were called.
– 2.8 million men were drafted and 2 million volunteered.
• African Americans– 400,000 were drafted only 42,000 served in combat.
– Encountered discrimination and prejudice in combat.
– Served in segregated units.
HOMEFRONTStep 2: Organizing Industry
• Congress creates special boards to coordinate mobilization of economy. – Used to emphasize cooperation between big
businesses and government
HOMEFRONT• Food & Fuel
– Food Administration; Herbert Hoover• To conserve food Americans followed:
– Wheatless Monday’s, Meatless Tuesdays, Porkless Thursdays
– Victory gardens• Fuel ; Harry Garfield
– Introduced daylight savings to conserve energy.– Heatless Mondays– Shortened work weeks for non war production
factories.• Paying for War
– Bonds: American people were loaning the government money.• Victory bonds
HOMEFRONTStep 3: Mobilizing for War
• National War Labor Board– Mediate labor disputes.– Pressured industry to grant wage
increases, 8 hour workdays, right of unions
• Women’s Support Industry– Filled vacancies in the industry.
• Shipping industries• Railroad industries
– Jobs were not permanent for women.
Women– First time served in armed forces as
• Nurses, clerical duties, radio operators, electricians, pharmacists, photographers, chemists and torpedo assemblers
– 11,000 women served in Navy– Army only allowed to enlist in Army
Nursing Corps: 20,000 served and 10,000 served overseas
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOLlDSbe4y8