THE GREAT WALL

The wonders ofCHINA

The Great Wall

The wall stretches about 5,500 miles.It winds up and down across deserts, mountains, grasslands and plateaus. It travels from east to west China.Nearly 2000 years old. Some sections are decayed.

CHINAS WONDERS

The Great Wall Construction began in the 7th century BC.Sections built under Chou dynasty each built their own walls for protection.After state of Chin (Qin) unified country in 221 BC, it joined the walls to hold off invaders from the north.Invader: Huns

The Great Wall Major renovation under the Ming DynastyPresent form under Ming.Ming wanted to make sure Mongols would not come back.

The Great WallTowers of the Wall are 32 feet high It has battle forts at important points and the corners.Soldiers were posted on top to warn of attacks.Mulan Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpYRZdw0UpA

CHINAS WONDERSGreat Wall: Historyis crenellated for watching and shooting at the invading enemy.

CHINAS WONDERSGreat Wall http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DbriF1YmA0

The Ming Dynasty1368-1644Formed by Zhu Yuanzhang He successfully forced the Mongols out of the countryWanted to restore Chinese greatness

The Ming Dynasty Yuanzhang was born a peasant & worked through the military ranksKnown as a harsh ruler killed all of his opposition Brought pride & power back to ChinaReinstated Civil Service Concentrated on agricultureZhu Yuanzhang

Forbidden City What is the purpose of the Forbidden City? What dynasties ruled from it? How many rooms are in the forbidden City? How long did it take to build?

Forbidden City

Location: center of BeijingIt served as the Emperors palace during the Ming and Qin dynasties.Now it is a palace museum.It is the worlds largest palace complex and covers over 2.3 million square feet

CHINAS WONDERSForbidden PalaceSurrounded by a six meter deep moatAbout 25 ft high wallThere are over 800 buildings and 9999 rooms.

Forbidden City History:Construction began in 1406.14 years to build.200,000 men usedHoused 24 emperors until 1912

Ming Dynasty: Confucian StateDuring Ming: Confucian ideals were brought back Confucius was born in 551 BC He wanted to restore peace & created a guide to proper behavior

Ming Dynasty: Confucian StateAnalects, a book of his teachings, written by his followers In order to have peace 5 relationships must exist Ruler/ruledFather /son Husband/wifeOlder brother/younger brotherFriend/friend Its the superior persons responsibility to set the example for the inferior

Ming Dynasty Filial Piety: duty & respect children owe their parents

Chinese Exploration

Chinese Exploration Cheng Ho: one of Chinas greatest explorers Born a commoner & Muslim Captured by the military Reached India & East Coast of Africa Made 7 voyages100,000 miles Established a trade empire for China

Chinese Exploration

Chinese Exploration Began having major problems with pirates in the Pacific The emperor forced all people to move away from the coast & closed down China He told his people they would be a continental power No one was allowed to enter or leave the country Results in the Chinese falling behind the rest of the world: ISOLATION

CHINAS WONDERSForbidden City

Manchu Invasion Manchu Dynasty aka Qing Dynasty Last Dynasty of China: 1644-1912Founded by Manchu peopleSemi-nomadic people from NE China

Manchu Invasion 1644: Manchu were able to take advantage of rebellions against MingMing Rebellions: Beijing was conquered by rebel forces led by Li Zicheng Ming army did not protect the capital because they had mutinied because the emperor was not paying them Rather than be captured the last Ming emperor hanged himself

Manchu InvasionWu Sangui (Ming general) allied himself with the Manchu In order to drive out the rebel forcesThey were successful but this allowed the Manchu to take over

Manchu Dynasty Developed peacefully : it was a time of economic growth & development Tried to forced their way of life on China but adopted Chinese cultures & traditionsLimits: only Manchu could hold the highest government officeMarriage was forbidden between Manchu & HanImperial China reached it height of power

Made of rocks & packed earth *** Some sections in ruins or have disappeared Only man made structure to be seen from space.

*Peasants & enemies were used to extend the wall Signal fires provided early warning of attack.

*Because so many people died during construction it is considered the longest cemetery on earth *Mongol (yuan) rule was in decline bc of plague& death of Kublai Khan ** ming dynasty lasts nearly 300 years *** Ming= brilliant **** Yuanzhang formed a rebel army & forced the mongols back beyond the great wall *Born a peasant, lived in poverty & spent years as a Buddhist had hatred of the rich

Civil Service: had to pass an exam in philosophy & literature *Brought China back to its Golden period- was the best example of traditional building -- ** houses many rare treasures *Only 4 gates to enter ** anyone caught looking over the palace walls were killed *Divided in 2 parts::Southern section (outer court): where emperor exercised rule over the nation **** 1912- Chinas last emperor Northern section (inner court): where emperor lived with royal family.

*If the inferior person does not succeed it is the superior persons fault **** confucius philosophy still accepted today 6 million followers *Ming dynasty was powerful & wealthy they begin exploring further than the Chinese coast Zheng He - CHENG HO : 1405-33 Persia to Kenya *** had a crew of over 25,000 sailors and more than 62 ships ***explored the coasts of SE Asia, India & Africa **** Born 1371 as Ma Sanbao *1433: just after the death of Cheng Ho *Seized Beijing *Chongzhen last ming emperor **official mark of the end of dynasty ***Li Zicheng was ming general*****Allowed for Li Zichengs army to be overthrown ** manchu ruled china for 2 centuries *19th century was a period of weakness & loss for the Manchu Dynasty ** Britain began & continued an illegal opium trade first Opium War *