HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

• The Indian film industry started in the year 1913

• Dadasaheb Phalke is the pioneer of Indian film industry

• Raja Harishchandra was the first full length motion picture

• Soon this medium started gaining popularity

• This silent cinema continued for almost 2 decades

• Sound was introduced in the year 1931

• Alam Ara was the first sound film

• This film had songs and that

set the template for kinds of

films made later

• Unfortunately this film is not

available today

THE GOLDEN ERA

• The period from 1944 to the 1960’s is regarded as the Golden Age of Indian cinema

• Most of the critically acclaimed Indian movies were produced during this era

• This period saw the emergence of Parallel Cinema

• This was mainly started by the Bengali Cinema

• Satyajit Ray, Bimal Roy, Ritwik Ghatak were the early film makers

• Ray’s Pather Panchali won all major International Awards at film festivals

• This established Parallel Cinema movement firmly

• Many new film-makers joined this movement

• During 60’s Film Finance Corporation was formed

WHAT IS PARALLEL CINEMA?

• Parallel Cinema is a movement in Indian Cinema

• It is an alternative to the mainstream cinema• It is also known as Art Cinema,Alternative

Cinema,Indian New Wave,Meaningful Cinema,etc

• These films are known for their serious content & realism

• It was inspired by Italian Neo-Realism, French New Wave and Japanese New Wave

PARALLEL CINEMA IN 1970-80’s

• During 70’s Parallel cinema entered in Bollywood to a much wider extent

• Notable filmmakers of this era were ShyamBenegal, Mani Kaul, Saeed Akthar Mirza, Govind Nihalani, etc

• Nishant, Manthan, Arohan, Junoon, Sparsh, Aakrosh, Ardha Satya, Paar were some of the eminent work

• The parallel cinema of this era gave careers to a whole new breed of actors

NFDC

• NFDC was established in the year 1975

• NFDC produced lot of parallel cinema in the 70-80’s

• NFDC was the descendant of FFC

• The objective of NFDC is to promote Indian culture

• NFDC & FFC through cinema till now have funded over 300 films

DECLINE OF PARALLEL CINEMA

• By the early 90’s commercialization of cinema had a negative impact on Art cinema

• Investment Returns were not guaranteed

• Financers showed no interest

• NFDC did not seriously looked into distribution & exhibition of these films

• In this way the wave was not complete

RESURGENCE

• The term Parallel cinema is applied to off-beat movies nowadays

• Mr & Mrs Iyer, Black Friday, Dhobi Ghat, Ship of Thesus, etc are recent films of this genre

PARALLEL CINEMA VS COMMERCIAL CINEMA

PARALLEL CINEMA

• Superior content

• Lacks star cast

• Limited Budget

• No lavish sets

• No music, dance

• Real not reel

COMMERCIAL CINEMA

• Content is secondary

• Requires big star cast

• Big Budget

• Lavish sets

• Dance & Music is high-priority

• Fake, false ,artificial

THANK YOU