the gospel of luke

The Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of Luke

1:1-4 24:1-53

Pro

logu

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ctio

n an

d A

scen

sion

1:5-2:52

Preparation for Preparation for the Journeythe Journey

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ld to

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try

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gin,

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th,

and

Ear

ly Y

ears

3:1-4:13

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ilee

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Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and BeyondJourney of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond

On

the

Way

to

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

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4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56

Journey with Jesus: In Word and DeedJourney with Jesus: In Word and Deed


1:1-4 24:1-53

Pro

logu

e

Res

urre

ctio

n an

d A

scen

sion

1:5-2:52

Preparation for the Journey

Thr

esho

ld to

M

inis

try

Ori

gin,

Bir

th,

and

Ear

ly Y

ears

3:1-4:13

Gal

ilee

:

Lan

d of

Mir

acle

s

Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond

On

the

Way

to

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Dis

cipl

eshi

p T

rain

ing

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Rej

ecti

on

and

Dea

th

4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56

Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed

Introduction1:1-4

…that you might know the certainty of the things you have been told

Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, 2 just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3Therefore, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, it seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.

Prologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to Luke

Ancient Oral World Ancient Oral World • Book (Greek, Book (Greek, BiblionBiblion; Latin, ; Latin, volumenvolumen, roll), roll)• ““First Sentence”First Sentence”

Quintilian: Prefaces in oral speeches should prepare Quintilian: Prefaces in oral speeches should prepare audiences so that they will desire to listen to the speech audiences so that they will desire to listen to the speech as a whole, by rendering them well disposed, attentive, as a whole, by rendering them well disposed, attentive, and ready for instruction (see and ready for instruction (see Ins.Ins. Orat.Orat. 4.1.5 and 4.1.5 and Aristotle Aristotle RhetoricRhetoric 3.14). 3.14).

This also sets the work within the larger context of This also sets the work within the larger context of existing works existing works


One sentence – Five clauses – BalancedOne sentence – Five clauses – Balanced


1.1. Many have undertakenMany have undertaken

2.2. To set down an orderly accountTo set down an orderly account

3.3. The events that have been fulfilled among The events that have been fulfilled among usus

4.4. From the beginningFrom the beginning

5.5. Just as they were handed down to usJust as they were handed down to us

1.1. [[ThereforeTherefore] I too decided] I too decided

2.2. To write an orderly accountTo write an orderly account

3.3. After investigating After investigating everythingeverything

4.4. From the very firstFrom the very first

5.5. So that you may know So that you may know certaintycertainty

1:1-2 1:3-4CausationCausation

ClimaxClimax

Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke

Formal, literary; different from rest of the book.

The style is introduced in 1:1 as a narrative or story (dih,ghsij) but it is one account among others

What othersWhat others?


The style is further refined in 1:3 when Luke says, “it seemed good also to me to write an orderly accountorderly account for you”

What order?What order?

Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke What order? Based upon MarkWhat order? Based upon Mark1.1. Anointing story of Jesus (Luke 7:36-40)Anointing story of Jesus (Luke 7:36-40)

2.2. Last Supper sceneLast Supper scene (contains farewell discourse; 22:14-38)

3. The mockery of Jesusmockery of Jesus preceded rather than follows his interrogation of the Sanhedrin (22:63-65)

4.4. Mockery of RomanMockery of Roman soldiers is dropped

5. How about the addition of

a. the Trial before Herod,

b. Jesus’ address to the women on the way to the cross

c. the repentance of the thief on the cross, sayings from the

cross?


Comments of Papias about Mark,

“Mark became Peter’s interpreter (hermeneutes) and wrote accurately whatever he remembered, but not in but not in order of the things said or done by order of the things said or done by the Lordthe Lord.”

Eusebius (H.E. 3.39.14-17)


Notice how in 1:4, Luke clearly ties the orderly account with the question of truth/certainty

Orderly account Certaintyi[na

Result Clause


Luke is a 2nd (3rd ?) generation Christian, standing on others’ shoulders (scrolls?)

Note his use of 2nd person pronounsHe has models before him (1:1,2)He has a message to contribute (1:4)

Note “eyewitnesses and servants”oi` avpV avrch/j auvto,ptai kai. u`phre,tai


These are fulfilled events (peplhroforhme,nwn) Note: Perfect Note: Perfect tensetense, Fulfillment with effects down to the time of the hearers/readers

Note: Passive voiceNote: Passive voice,Divine passive


•For Luke, an orderly account is concerned with a development of “certainty of the things you have been taught.”

•It’s not about facts alone but faith.It’s not about facts alone but faith.

Luke is theological historytheological history

Luke is narrativeLuke is narrative• Narrator stands outside in Luke (except: “fulfilled among us”)Narrator stands outside in Luke (except: “fulfilled among us”)• Stands inside Acts (Acts 16:10-17; 20:5-15; 21:1-18; 27:1-28:16)Stands inside Acts (Acts 16:10-17; 20:5-15; 21:1-18; 27:1-28:16)• Maybe written; certainly spokenMaybe written; certainly spoken

Luke is prophecyLuke is prophecy Luke is proclamationLuke is proclamation

Luke has a recipientLuke has a recipient

• Theophilus – Theophilus – ““Dear to God” or “lover of God”Dear to God” or “lover of God” Common name in 1Common name in 1stst century century Literary Patron honor…not publication norm… but release for Literary Patron honor…not publication norm… but release for

copyingcopying• Us? – If this is proclamation…Us? – If this is proclamation…



1:1-4 24:1-53

Pro

logu

e

Res

urre

ctio

n an

d A

scen

sion

1:5-2:52


Thr

esho

ld to

M

inis

try

Ori

gin,

Bir

th,

and

Ear

ly Y

ears

3:1-4:13

Gal

ilee

:

Lan

d of

Mir

acle

s


On

the

Way

to

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Dis

cipl

eshi

p T

rain

ing

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Rej

ecti

on

and

Dea

th

4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56


Begins in the Temple – Ends in the Temple

The Temple: the location of the presence of God and the Revelation of Jesus (and the place of His rejection)

Jesus presented in Temple (2:21-40).

Jesus teaching in Temple (2:41-52)

Jesus sets face for Jerusalem (9:51-62); Jerusalem mentioned 13x’s in travel narrative (9-19)

Jesus enters Jerusalem – Temple (19:45-48); Remainder of book is temple-centered (20:1; 21:37-38; 23:45). Note Temple destruction 21:5-28

Jesus’ Resurrection appearance in Jerusalem (24:50-53)

Jesus tempted at Temple (4:9-13)

Note the lack of location for Peter’s Confession (9:18ff)

Jesus’ Transfiguration conversation; Exodus in Jerusalem (9:31)

Jesus “on the way” to Jerusalem; Bethany (10:38-42) Also note 10:37, “Go” = Travel

Jesus teaches “on the way” (13:22); Jerusalem is place for prophets death (13:31-35)

Reminder of Journey destination (17:11)

3rd Passion Prediction: Jerusalem (18:31)

Jesus inching closer and closer (19:28, 37, 41)


Temple – In Second Temple JudaismTemple – In Second Temple Judaism

Holy building with compromised leaders

TempleTempleTempleTemple

Court of Gentiles

Court of Women

Court of Israel

Holy of Holies

Holy Place

(35 acres)(35 acres)

TempleTempleTempleTemple

Herod’s Temple in Jerusalem

““Culture CentersCulture Centers…”…”

“… “… consist in the point or points in consist in the point or points in a society where its a society where its leading ideasleading ideas come together with its come together with its leading leading institutionsinstitutions to create an arena in to create an arena in which the events that most vitally which the events that most vitally affect its members’ lives take affect its members’ lives take place.”place.”

Clifford Geertz, Clifford Geertz, Local KnowledgeLocal Knowledge


1:1-4 24:1-53

Pro

logu

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Res

urre

ctio

n an

d A

scen

sion

1:5-2:52


Thr

esho

ld to

M

inis

try

Ori

gin,

Bir

th,

and

Ear

ly Y

ears

3:1-4:13

Gal

ilee

:

Lan

d of

Mir

acle

s


On

the

Way

to

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Dis

cipl

eshi

p T

rain

ing

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Rej

ecti

on

and

Dea

th

4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56


As the time approached for him to be taken up to heaven, Jesus resolutely set out for Jerusalem.(9:51)

Geographic – Theological Pivot9:51-56


1:1-4 24:1-53

Pro

logu

e

Res

urre

ctio

n an

d A

scen

sion

1:5-2:52


Thr

esho

ld to

M

inis

try

Ori

gin,

Bir

th,

and

Ear

ly Y

ears

3:1-4:13

Gal

ilee

:

Lan

d of

Mir

acle

s


On

the

Way

to

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Dis

cipl

eshi

p T

rain

ing

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

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and

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4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56


When

he had le

d them

out to th

e vici

nity of B

ethany,

he lifte

d up his hands a

nd blessed

them

.

While

he was b

lessin

g them

, he l

eft th

em and w

as taken

up into heaven

.

ClimaxClimaxChap 24:50-51


1:1-4 24:1-53

Pro

logu

e

Res

urre

ctio

n an

d A

scen

sion

1:5-2:52


Thr

esho

ld to

M

inis

try

Ori

gin,

Bir

th,

and

Ear

ly Y

ears

3:1-4:13

Gal

ilee

:

Lan

d of

Mir

acle

s


On

the

Way

to

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Dis

cipl

eshi

p T

rain

ing

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Rej

ecti

on

and

Dea

th

4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56


Then H

e open

ed th

eir m

inds so th

ey could unders

tand the S

criptures

,

“This is w

hat is w

ritten

…you are

witness

es of th

ese th

ings

I am going to

send you w

hat the F

ather has p

romised;

but stay in

the c

ity until

you have been

clothed

with

power fro

m on high.”

ClimaxClimaxChap 24:45-49


1:1-4 24:1-53

Pro

logu

e

Res

urre

ctio

n an

d A

scen

sion

1:5-2:52


Thr

esho

ld to

M

inis

try

Ori

gin,

Bir

th,

and

Ear

ly Y

ears

3:1-4:13

Gal

ilee

:

Lan

d of

Mir

acle

s


On

the

Way

to

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Dis

cipl

eshi

p T

rain

ing

Jeru

sale

m:

Lan

d of

Rej

ecti

on

and

Dea

th

4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56


Confusion: Passion Prediction 1 9:21-22



Problem Human Dilemma: Confusion to His Person; Confusion of His mission

Rejection in Nazareth 4:14-30

Rejection in Samaria 9:53

Rejection in Temple 19:45-48

SolutionHuman Transformation: Opening of mind; adoption of mission 24:45-47

the gospel of luke

Documents

mockery of jesus

land of rejection

land of miraclesjourney

jesus address

orderly accountafter

orderly accountthe events

youwhat order

lukewhat order