The Golgi BodyThe Golgi Body

Discovery

Named after Camillo Golgi

He was an Italian biologist who discovered the organelle with a light microscope in 1897

Structure

Located near the end of the ER close to the nucleus

Composed of several layers of cisternae (fluid-filled sacs)

Has 3 different parts: cis-Golgi, medial-Golgi, and trans-Golgi

FunctionFunction

•Is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging

macromolecules (lipids proteins, and carbs) coming from the

ER

•Then sends the modified macro-molecules to different parts

of the cell or outside of the cell

•Can be thought of as a post office for a cell

•Is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging

macromolecules (lipids proteins, and carbs) coming from the

ER

•Then sends the modified macro-molecules to different parts

of the cell or outside of the cell

•Can be thought of as a post office for a cell

Transport vesicles are used to move back and forth between the ER and Golgi bodies

One side of the Golgi body receives transport vesicles produced by the ER

The Golgi body marks and sorts the molecules into different groups to be sent in secretory vesicles inside or outside of the cell

Transport & Secretory Vesicles

Protein Modification

Proteins going to organelles or outside of the cell must be modified so that they are delivered

Modifications happen when specific sugar molecules are added to a core oligosaccharide that is attached to a protein

These sugar molecules are required for proper delivery

•One example is Mannose 6-phosphate which is important in glycolysis

•Enzymes synthesized in the ER are delivered to the Golgi body via a transport vesicle, and in the cis-face specific sugars are added to the protein

•Eventually, once the enzyme has arrived at the trans-face, it has the required Mannose 6-phosphate

•Receptors receive the enzyme, it is transported via a vesicle, and when it arrives at the endosome, the enzyme is released and the phosphate removed

•One example is Mannose 6-phosphate which is important in glycolysis

•Enzymes synthesized in the ER are delivered to the Golgi body via a transport vesicle, and in the cis-face specific sugars are added to the protein

•Eventually, once the enzyme has arrived at the trans-face, it has the required Mannose 6-phosphate

•Receptors receive the enzyme, it is transported via a vesicle, and when it arrives at the endosome, the enzyme is released and the phosphate removed

ExampleExample

Sources

https://www.etap.org/demo/biology1/instruction5tutor.html

http://www.nndb.com/people/732/000125357/

http://www.tutorvista.com/biology/golgi-apparatus-organelle

http://creationrevolution.com/2010/11/golgi-apparatus-steel-industry-of-the-simple-cell-%E2%80%93-part-6/

http://www.michellehenry.fr/mail.htm

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/endosys2.htm

http://plantphys.info/plant_physiology/basiccytology1.shtml

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK28442/figure/A3170/?report=objectonly

Pictures

ResearchCampbell, Neil A., Lawrence G. Mitchell, Jane B. Reece. Biology Concepts & Connections, 3rd ed. San Francisco: Benjamin/Cummings, 2000.

• http://www.biologyreference.com/Fo-Gr/Golgi.html

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u38LjCOvDZU&feature&p=F28B074D1CB933A7&index=0&playnext=1