the gazette of india...homoeopathic pharmacy theoretical 1. introduction. homoeopathic pharmacy its...

REGISTERED No. D. (D.N.)-72

The Gazette of IndiaEXTRAORDINARY

PART I I I - S e c t i o n 4

PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY

No. 5] NEW DELHI, WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 1983/VAISAKHA 21, 1905

Separate paging is given to this Part in order that it may be filed as a separatecompilation

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CENTRAL COUNCIL OF HOMOEOPATHY

NOTIFICATION

New Delhi, the 11th May, 1983

No. 7-1/83/CCH.—In exercise of the powers con-ferred by clauses (i), (j) and (k) of section 33 andsub-section II of Section 20 of the HomoeopathyCetral Council Act, 1973 (59 of 1973), the CentralCouncil of Homoeopathy, with the previous sanctionof the Central Government hereby make the follow-ing regulations, namely:—

PART I

Preliminary

1. Short title and commencement.—(1) Theseregulations may be called the Homoeopathy (DegreeCourse) Regulations, 1983.

(2) They shall come into force on the date of theirpublication in the Gazette of India.

2. Definitions.—In these regulations, unless thecontext otherwise requires—

(i) "Act" means the Homoeopathy Central CouncilAct, 1973 (59 of 1973);

(ii) "Courses" means the Course of study inHomoeopathy, namely:—

(a) D.H.M.S. (Diploma in Homoeopathic Medi-cine and Surgery) course ; and

(b) B.H.M.S. (Bachelor of HomoeopathicMedical and Surgery) Course ;

(iii) "Diploma" means a Diploma in Homoeopathyas defined in clause (iii) of regulation 2 of theHomoeopathy (Diploma Course) Regulations, 1983 ;

(iv) "Degree" means a Degree in Homoeopathyprovided in regulation 3 of these regulations or a

35

Degree as defined in clause (iv) of regulation 2 of theHomoeopathy (Graded Degree Course) Regulations,1983;

(v) "Homoeopathic College" means a Homoeo-pathic College affiliated to a Board or a Universityand recognised by the Central Council;

(vi) "Inspector" means a Medical Inspectorappointed under sub-seotion (1) of section 17 of theAct;

(vii) "President" means the President of the CentralCouncil;

(viii) "Scond Schedule" and "Third Schedule"means' the Second Schedule and Third Schedule res-pectively of the Act;

(ix) "Syllabus" and "Curriculum" meaua theSylllabus and Curriculum for different Courses ofstudy as specified by the Central Council under theseregulations, the Homoeopathy (Diploma Course)Regulations, 1983 and the Homoeopathy (GradedDegree Course) Regulations, 1983 ;

(x) "Teaching experience" means teaching experi-ence in the subject concerned in a HomoeopathicCollege or in a Hospital recognised by the CentralCouncil;

(xi) "Visitor" means a Visitor appointed undersub-section (1) of section 18 of the Act.

3. Courses of Study :

(i) The Degree Course of B.H.M.S. (Degree) shallcomprise a Course of study consisting of Curriculumand Syllabus provided in these regulations spreadover a period of 5i years, including compulsoryInternship of one year duration after passing theFinal Degree Examination;

(ii) The Internship shall be undertaken at theHospital attached to the College and in case* wheresuch Hospitals cannot accommodate all of its student*for Internship, such students may undertake theirInternship in a Hospital or dispensary run by theCentral Government or State Government, or localbodies ;

(iii) At the completion of the internship of thespecified period and on the recommendation of thehead of the Institution where Internship was under-taken, the concerned State Board or University, asthe case may be, shall issue the degree to the successfulcandidate;

PART III

Admission to Course

4. Minimum qualification.—No candidate shall beadmitted to the B.H.M.S. (Degree) Course unless hehas—

(a) passed the Intermediate Science or itsequivalent examination with Physics, Che-mistry and Biology as his subjects;

(b) Attained the age of 17 years on or before31st TJecember of the year of his admissionto the first year of the course.

PART IV

The Curriculum

5. Subjects.—Subjects for study and examinationof the B.H.M.S. (Degree) Course, shall be as under—

(i) Anatomy,

(ii) Physiology,

(iii) Organon of Medicine,

(iv) Chronic diseases and Homoeopathic philo-sophy,

(v) Fundamentals of psychology and logic,

(vi) Case-taking and homoeopathic repertorisa-tion,

(vii) Homoeopathic Pharmacy,

(viii) Homoeopathic matcria medica,

(ix) Pathology, bacteriology and parasitology,

(x) Social and preventive medicine includinghealth education and family medicine,

(xi) Forensic Medicine,

(xii) Practice of Medicine and paediatrics,

(xiii) Obstetrics and gynaecology,

(xiv) Surgery including E.N.T. and opthalmo-

(xv) Homoeopathic therapeutics, and

(xvi) History of medicine.

PART V

Syllabus

6. Syllabus foj Direct Degree Course.—Followingshall be syllabus for B.H.M.S. (Direct Degree)Course;

PREFACE

A direct degree course is ultimately to be thepattern of uniform homoeopathic education in India,though for various reasons the diploma course andthe graded degree course have to be continued forsome time.

As the direct degree course is now being introducedwherever possible, a good number of dogree collegesdotted all over the country may soon be expected.As this course will thus in time set the standard ofhomoeopathic education and practice in India, it isof the utmost importance that the syllabus expectedto fulfil this object should be designed accordingly.

An endeavour has therefore been made in thefollowing syllabus to ensure that the requisite type ofeducation is imparted by the degree colleges to theirstudents.

16 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I I I—SEC 4]

FIRST B.H.M.S. EXAMINATIONHOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACY

Theoretical

1. Introduction.—Homoeopathic Pharmacy itsspeciality and originality, Horn. Pharmacopoeia.

2. Scope of Homoeopathic Pharmacy in relationto:—

(1) Organon of Medicine (Aph 264 to 285organon of medicine).

(2) Materia Medica.(3) National Economy.

3. Weights and measures including Horn. Scales(Deci. Centi. Milli).

4. Homoeopathic pharmaceutical instruments andappliances.

5. Sources of Homoeopathic Drugs, process ofcollection of drugs substances, identification, purifica-tion, preservation and also preservation of potentiseddrugs.

6. Vehicles—(1) their preparation and uses.(2) purification.(3) determination of proof strength of alcohol.

7. Methods of preparation of drugs from organicand inorganic chemicals, vegetables, animals andanimal products, disease products (Nosodes) etc!(Hahnemann's classical and modern methods includ-ing merits and demerits).

8. (a) Methods of prcparation^of mother tinctures,solutions potencies and trituration.

(b) Potentisation of drugs on :—

(i) Decimal scale,

(ii) Centicimal scale.

9. Fluxion potency—methods of convertion oftrituration into liquid form—straight potency.

10. External application—its scope—modes ofpreparation and uses, lotion, Liniment, glyceiole,ointment.

11. Prescription—its study including abreviations—principles and mode of prescription writing and ifsvalidity.

12. Pharmacology—Drug strength—Horn Pharma-codynamics—Dynamic Power—Medicine— Posology—Remedy.

13. Brief study of standardisation of drugs andvehicles.

14. General knowledge of legislation in relation toHomoeopathic pharmacy.

15. General laboratory methods solutions, dilution,Decantation, precipitation, filtration, distillation,crystalisation, sublimation, percolation etc.

16. Study of biological/mechanical and/or chemicalcharacteristics of some important drug substances,

17. The technique of Homoeopathic drug proving.

PRACTICAL

1. Identification and uses of Homoeopathic Phar-maceutical insti'urnents and appliances and theircleaning.

2. Identification of important Homoeopathic drugs(vide list attached).

(a) Microscopic—

,(i) At least 30 drugs substances—20 fromvegetable kingdom and 10 from mineralsand chemicals;

(ii) Collection of 30 drugs substances forher barium;

(iii) Microscopic study of two ttiturations upto3X potency.

3. Estimation of moisture constant of one drugsubstance with water bath.

4. Purity test of ethyl-alcohol, distilled water,sugar of milk including determination of sp. gravityof dist. water and alcohol.

5. Estimation of size of globule;—its medication,medication of milk sugar and Dist. water—making ofdoses.

6. Preparation of dispencing and dilute alcoholsolutions and dilutions.

7. Preparations of mother tinctures of 3 poly-chrests.

8. Preparations of triturations of 3 crude drugsupto 3X.

9. Preparations of mother tinctures of drugs whichdo not conform to the D.S.I.

10. Potentisation of 3 mother tinctures upto6 decimal scale and 3 centicimal scale.

11. Trituration of 3 drugs 6X and their conversioninto liquid potencies.

12. Preparation of external application—one each.

13. Writing of prescriptions and dispensing of thesame.

14. Laboratory Methods:—

(a) Sublimation.(b) Distillation.(c) Decantation.(d) Filtration,

(e) Crystalisation.(f) Percolation.

15. Visit to a Homoeopathic Laboratory to studythe manufacture of drugs on a large scale.

37

LIST OF DRUGS FOR IDENTIFICATION

1. Aconitum Nap.2. Agaricus M.3. Antimonium Tart.4. Apis Mellifica.5. Argentum Nitric.6. Arnica Montana.7. Arsenicum Alb.8. Aurum Met,9. Baptisia T.

10. Baryta Carb.11. Belladonna.12. Bryonia Alb.13. Cactus G.14. Calcarea Carb.15. Calcarea Plios.16. Calendula.17. Camphor.18. Cantheris.19. Carbo Vegetabilis.20. Causticum.21. Chamomilla.22. Chelidonium M.23. China.24. Cina.25. Cocculus I.26. Colchicum A.27. Colocynthis.28. Conium M.29. Cuprum Met.30. Digitalis P.31. Drosera.32. Dulcamara.33. Glonoine.34. Graphites.35. Hepar Sul.36. Hyoscyamus.37. Hypericum.38. Ignatia.39. Ipecacuanha.40. Kali Carb.41. Lachesis.42. Lycopodium.43. Mercurius Cor.44. Mercurius Sol.45.. Mezet'ium.46. Natrum Mur.47. Nitric Acid.48. Nux Vomica.49. Opium.50. Phosphorus.51. Phosphoric Acid.52. Platina M.53. Plumbum M.54. Pulsatilla.

55. RhusTox.56. RutaG.57. Sambucus N.58. Sanguinaria C.59. SecaleCor.60. Sepia.61. Silicea.62. Spigclia.63. SpongiaT.64. Stannum Met.65. Stramonium.66. Sulphur.67. Tarentula Hisp.68. Thuja O.69. Vertrum Album.70. Veratrum Viride.71. Zincum Met.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Study of Normal Mail in Preclinlcal Period

Human anatomy is the most difficult of all sciencesto study. Man is a conscious mentalised, Living beingand functions as a whole. Human knowledge hasbecome so vast that for precise comprehension ofman as a whole development of different branches ofscience like anatomy, physiology and psychologywas necessary. But such a division is only anexpedient, man nevertheless remains indivisible,

Consciousness, life and its phenomena cannot beexplained in terms of cell physiology or of Quantummechanics, nor by physiological concepts which intheir turn are based on chemico-physical concepts.

Though anatomy and physiology are hitherto beingtaught as entirely different subjects, a water-tightbarrier should not be erected between them, structure(anatomy) and function (physiology) are but corelatcdaspects and the physio-chemical processes are but anexternal expression of an inexplicable phenomenonwhich is life.

So anatomy and physiology should be taught withthe (following aims:

(i) to provide for the understanding of fhe mor-phological, physiological and psychological principleswhich determine and influence the organism of theliving body as a functioning unit;

(ii) to correlate and interpret the structuralorganism and normal physiology of the human bodyand thus to provide the data on which to anticipatedisturbances of functions;

(iii) to enable the student to recognise the anato-mical, physiological and psychological basis of theclinical signs and symptoms of disorders due toinjury, discaaC and maldeveloprueat;

(iv) Similarly, to give the student to understandthe factors involved in the development of pathological

38 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART III—SEC.4]

processes and the possible complications which mayarise therefrom;

(v) to £ive the student such knowledge of pre-clinical subjects as will enable him ultimately toemploy competently and rationally all the ordinarymethods of examination and treatment (includingsurgery) that may involve such knowledge; and

(vi) for enabling the student to pick out strange,rare and uncommon symptoms from pathognqmorncsymptoms for individualisation of patients and drugsfor the purpose of applying the law of similars inhomoeopathic practice.

ANATQMY

Instruction in anatomy should be so planned as topresent a general working knowledge of the structureof the human body. The amount of detail which heis required to memorise should be reduced to theminimum. Major emphasis should be laid on func-tional anatomy of the living subject rather than onthe static structures of the cadaver, and on generalanatomical positions and broad relations of theyicera, muscles, blood-vessclcs, nerves and lymphatics.Study of the cadaver is only a means to this end.Students should not be burdened with minute anato-mical details which have no clinical significance.

Though dissection of the entire body is essentialfor the preparation of the student for his clinicalstudies, the burden of dissection can be reduced andmuch saving of time can be effected, if considerablereduction of the amount of topographical details ismade and the following points are taken into con-sideration.

1. Only .such details as have professional or generaleducational value for the medical student should bepresented to him.

2. The purpose of dissection is not to createtechnically expert prosector but to give the student anunderstaflffing of the l>ody in relation to its function,and the dissection -should be designed to achieve thisend; for example, ignoring of small and clinicallyunimportant blood vessles result* in such cleaner dis-section and a much clearer picture of the mainstructures and their natural relationships.

3. Much that is at present taught by dissectioncould be demonstrated as usefully through prepareddissected specimens.

4. Normal radiological anatomy may also form[part of prafl;J;al training. The structure of the bodyshould be presented linking functional aspect.

5. Actual dissection should be preceded by a courseof lectures on the general structure of the organ orthe system under discussion and then its function.In this way anatomical and physiological knowledgefan be presented to students in an integrated formand the instruction of the whole course of anatomyand physiology made more interesting, lively andpractical.

<• 6. A good part of the theoretical lectures onanatomy can be transferred to tutorial classes withdemonstrations.

A few lectures or demonstrations on the clinicaland applied anatomy should be arranged in the laterpart of the course. They should preferably be givenby a clinician and should aim at demonstrating theanatomical basis of physical signs and the value ofanatomical knowledge to the clinician.

Seminars and group discussions to be arrangedperiodically with a view of presenting different sub-jects in an integrated manner.

Formal class room lectures to be reduced butdemonstrations and tutorials to be increased.

There should be joint teaching-cum-demonstrationsessions with clinical materials illustrating appliedaspect of Anatomy in relation to clinical subjects.This should be arranged once a fortnight and evenform part of scries of introductory lectures if beneeded.

There should be joint seminars with the depart-ments of Physiology and Bio-Chemistry and shouldbe organised once a month. There should be a closecorelation in the teaching of gross Anatomy, Histo-logy, Embryology and Genetics. The teaching ofareas and systems in Anatomy, Physiology includingBio-chemistry should be integrated as far as possible.

THEORETICAL

A complete course of human anatomy with generalworking knowledge of different anatomical parts J6tthe body. Emphasis should be laid down on thegeneral anatomical positions and broad relations ofthe viscera, muscles, blood vessel^ nerves and lympha-tics. Candidates should not be burdened withminute anatomical details of every description whichhas no clinical significance.

Candidates will be required to recognise anato-mical specimen and to identify and answer questionson structures displayed in recent dissections, to befamiliar with the bones and their articulations includingthe vertebrae, the skull and with yie manner ofossification of the long boned.

Emphasis will not be laid on minute details exceptin so far as is necessary to the understanding of orin their application to medicine and surgery. Candi-dates are expected to know the attachments of musclessufficiently to understand their actions, but not theprecise details of origin and insertion of every muscles.A knowledge of the minor details of the bones of thehand, foot, their articulations and details of thesmall bones of the skull will not be required;

The curriculum of anatomy should be divided underthe following headings :—

I. Gross Anatomy—to be dealt under the followingcategories :—

(a) Introductory lectures with demonstrations.

' (b) Systematic scries.The study to be covered by deductive lectures,

lecture, demonstrations, surface and radiological ana-tomy, by dissection of the cadaver and study of

39

dissected specimen. Knowledge thus obtained toge-ther with corolation of Wets should be integrated intoliving anatomy. Details of topographical relationshould be stressed for these parts which are ofimportance in general practice.

(i) Superior extremity, inferior extremity, head,neck, throax, abdomen and pelvis to bestudied regionally and system by system(special reference to be made to develop-ment and its anomalies, regional, innerva-tion, functional groups of muscles in relationto joints or otherwise and Applied Ana-tomy).

(ii) Endorcrine organs—with special referenceto development and applied anatomy.

II. Devolpmental anatomy—General principles ofdevelopment and growth and flie effect of hereditaryand environmental factors to be given by lectures,charts, models and slides.

III. Neuro-anatomy, Gross Anatomy of brain andspinal cord and the main nerve tracts. The peri-pheral nerves. Cranical nerves their relations, courseand distributions.

Automic nervous system—Development and anoma-lies. Applied Anatomy.

The study to be covered by lectures, lecture-demonstrations, dissection of brain and cord, andclinical corelation.

N,B.—The practical study should proceed the studyof physiology nervous system. Early cor-relation—with the clinical course isdesirable.

IV. Mircro-anatomy (Histology)—Modern concep-tions of cell, epithelial tissue, connective tissue,muscular tissue, nervous tissue.

(A) Introductory Lectures—

(a) Modern conception of cell-components andtheir functions why a cell divides, cell division—typeswith their signification.

(b) Genetic Individuality.—<i) Elementary gene-tics—definition, health and diseases, result of inter-action between organism and its environments, utilityof knowledge from homoeopathic point of view.

(ii) Mandels7 Laws and their significances,

(iii) Applied genetic.

(B) Developmental Anatomy—15 lectures.

(C) General anatomy & micro-anatomy—15 lectures.

(D) Regional anatomy.

(a) Upper Extremity—15 lectures.

(i) Skeleton, position and functions of joints.

(Ii) Muscle groups, brachial plexus.

(iii) Arterial supply, venons drainage, neurovascular bundles, lymphatics and lymphnodes, relation of nerves to bones.

(iv) Joints with special emphasis on shoulder,elbow and wrist joints, muscles, producingmovement, results of nerve injury.

(v) Radiology of bones and joints, ossification,determination of age.

'(vi) Applied anatomy.

(vii) Surface marking of main arteries, nerves.

(b) Lower extremity—15 lectures.

(i) Skeleton, position and functions of joints,

(ii) Muscle groups, lumber plexus.

(iii) Arterial supply, venons drainage, neurovascular bundles, lymphatics and lymphnodes, relation of nerves to bones.

(iv) Joints with special emphasis on lumbo sacralhip, knee and ankle joints, muscles producingmovement, results of nerve injury.

(v) Radiology of bones and joints, ossification,determination of age.

(vi) Applied anatomy,

(vij) Surface marking of main arteries, nerves.

(c) Thorax—15 lectures.(i) Skeleton of joints of muscles of chest wa l l -

diaphragm, innervation of abdominal andthoracic respiration, difference with age.The mammary gland lymphatic: drainage.

(ii) The pleura & lungs.

(iii) Arrangements structures in the mediastinum,heart, coronary arterios, great vessels, tra-chea, oesophagus, lymph nodes, thymus.

(iv) Radiology of heart, aorta, lungs, broncho-gram.

(v) Applied anatomy,

(vi) Surface marking—pleura, lungs, heart—valves of heart, border, arch of arota, sup.venacava, bifurcation of trachea.

(d) Abdomen and pelvis—25 lectures.

(i) The abdominal wall—skin and muscles,innervation of fascia, peritoneum, bloodvessels, lymphatics, autonomic, ganglia andplexuses.

(ii) Stomach, small intestine, caecum, appendix,large intestine.

(iii) Duodenum, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, suprarenals.

(iv) Liver and gall bladder.

<v) Pelvis, skeleton and jdnts, muscles of thepelvis, organs internal and external genitaliain the male and in the female, lumbosacralplexus, vessels, lymphatics, autonomic gan-glia and plexuses.

40 THE GA ZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART III—SEC. 4]

(vi) Blood vessels and nerve plexuses of abdomenand pelvis, the portal venous system.

(vii) Apllied anatomy of referred pain, portalsystemic anastomosis, catheterization of theurinary bladder in the male and female.

(viii) Surface marking of organs and blood vessels.

(e) Head and neck—25 lectures.

(i) Scalp—Inncrvation, vascular, supply middlemeningeal artery.

(ii) Face-Main Muscles groups-muscles of facialexpression, muscles of mastication, innerva-tion of skin and repair muscles, vascularsupply, principles of repair scalp and facewrinkles.

(iii) The eyelids, eyeball, lacrimal apparatus, themuscles that move the eyeball.

(iv) The nasal cavity and nasopharynx, septum,conchac, paransal sinus, eustachian tubelymphoid masses.

(v) Oral cavity and Phaiynx.

(vi) Larynx and laryngeal part of Pharynxstructure (No details) functions, nervessupply, larynago scopic appearances.

(vii) Cervical vertebrae joints of head and neck.

(viii) Structures of neck, sternomastoid, brachialplexlus, main arteries and veins, dispositionof lymph nodes, areas of drainage, phrenicnerve, thyroid gland and its blood supply,para-thyroid the trachea, oesophagus. Theposition of the Sub-mendibular and sub-linguial salivery glands.

(ix) Teeth and dentitor.

(x) The external middle and internal ear.

(xi) Applied anatomy.

' (xii) Surface Marking.—Parootid gland, middlemeningeal artery, thyroid gland, common,internal and external carotid arteries.

(f) Neuro-anatomy.^10 lectures,

(i) Meninges—functions of.

(ii) Cerebrum—areas of localisation, vascularsupply basal ganglion, internal capsule.

(iii) Cerebellum—functions.

i(v) Pons, mcduller midbrain, cranial nerves,palsies.

(v) Cerebro-spinal fluid—formation, circulation,function, absorption.

(vi) Cranial neives, origin, courses (with mini-mum anatomical detail) areas of distribution.

(vii) Spinal cord-coverings, segments, relation ofsegments to vertebral column, spinal nerves,distribution.

(viii) The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerv-ous system, location, distribution, function.

(ix) Applied anatomy of lumbar puncture,refercd pain, spinal anaesthesia, increasedintracranial pressure.

PRACTICAL

Dissection of th© whole human body in the courseof 1st Months, academic months shall be 160 hrs.

1. Each dissection when completed, must be shownto the demonstrator and permission must be obtainedbefore proceed to the next item.

2. Before allotment of a part, each student mustpass the oral test of the bones on the part taken bythe demonstrator.

3. There should be printed form of the class ofpractical anatomy as per guide lines to be followedby every recognised college.

GU1DLINE FOR DISSECTION

Nome :

Session : Roll No.

Year :

BRAIN-BULBUS OCULI

Each dissection, when completed, must bo shown to one ofthe Demonstrators and permission must be obtained beforeproceeding to the next Item.Date of distribution of p a r t i -Date of completion of part:—Remarks :

Demonstrator, Professor of Anatomy

Braln-BnUms Ocull

Item

1. Membranes of the brainand the cisternae

2. Superficial blood vesselsof the brain

Itemsstartedon

Marks

Disse-qction

Viva

Exami-- miner

41

4

5

fi

7.

8,

9.

10.

11.

Hem

. Superficial anatomyLateral surface Medicalsurface- Baso of brain

, Cerebrum—(a) Fissures Sulci and

Gyri LobesMotor and Sensorynrea

(b) Corpus cailosum;lateral ventricle;

(c) Tola chordiae and3rd ventricle

(d) Thalamus andcorpus stnatum

(c) Commisural, Asso-ciation and proje-ction fibres

(0 Rhinon Cephelon

. Mid brain—Cerebral pedunclesCorpora quadrigeminaOptic tract

. Mid brain-fa) Pons and 4th

ventricle

(b) Medulla oblongata(c) Cerebellum

Hemsstarted

on

Mark

Diisc-oclion

s

Viva

Ascendig and descending tracts

, Cranial topography

External tunics —ScleraCorneaChoroid

fiis, ciliary body-ciliary nerves and vessels

Refractive media—Aqueous HumourPupilLens and its capsuleVitreous humourRetina

TotalPercentage

- miner

Head and NeckName ; Roll Mo.— — —Session:Year :

Each dissection, when completed, must be shown to one ofthe demonstrators and permission must be obtained beforeproceeding to the next item.

Date of distribution of part:—Date of Completion of part:—

Remarks Professor of AnatomyEcTtonstrator

i s : QI/«3—6

1.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

i

10.

1i

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Id.

Item

i

Scalp and superficialdissection of temporalregionRemoval of brain —(i) Roots of craninl

nerves

(i) Duramater withits sinuses

(iii) Base of skull-fa Anterior fossa(b) Middle fossa(c) Posterior fossa

Occipital Region-(i) Superficial dissec-

tion Sf neck(ii) Suboccipital triangle

Back(i) Identification of

muscles(ii) Lumbodorsal fascia

Spinal medulla, mem-branes and liga-mentum fleva

Face and lacrimal appa-ratus

Orbit

Post of triangle of neck

Ant. triangle of neck-(i) Carotid triangle

(ii) Muscular triangle(iii) Middle line of neck:

Thyroid and para-thyroid glands

(iv) Digastric triangle(v) Submandibular region

Deep dissection of neck

(i) Vessels

(ii) Nerves

;iii) Lateral wall of phary(iv) Cervical portion of

sympathetic trunk

Parotid region

Infratemporal region(i) Optic ganglion and

chorda tympani(ii) Sinus of meningis

Mendibular joint

Prevertebral region

Cranio-vertebral andvertebral articulations

Mouth and pharynx

Itemsstartedon

T

Mar

Dissec-tion

ks

Viva

T

Exa-miner

1

X


17.

18.

1*1.

20.

21.

1

Nose and access"rysinuses

Spheno-palulinc region-(i) Plerygo-palatine fossa

(ii) Ptery^o-ma.\illaryfissure

(iii) Maxillary nerve :ind{•plicnopalud'ncganglion

Larynx

Tongue

Auditory appratus-

(i) External ear

(ii) Middle car, rtiHstoiduntriim

(iii) Internal ear

2 .1 4 5

Total — - —

Percentage • —

TMORAX

Name :

Session : Roll No.--

Year:

Each dissection when completed, must bo shown to one ofthe Demonstractors and permission must be obtained beforeproceeding (o the next item.

Date of distribution of part ;Date of completion of part :

Remarks:

Professor of AnatomyDemonstrator

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

y.

rtem

1

Anteriathoracic wall

Dissection of intercostal

Space and contents

Ant. articulation —(i) Sterno Clavicular(ii) Chondrostornal

(iii) Infra chondralarticulations

Pleura-roots of lungsand pulmonary plexus

Anterior mediastinumand superior mediasli-num

Middle mediastinumand pericardium

Phrenic and Vagus ner-ves cardiac plexus

Heart

Itemsstart-ed on

2

Marks

Dissec(km

3

- Viva

4

Exa-- miner

5

10.

11.

12.

13.

14,

15.

1

Pustcrior madiastinumand its contents

Thoracic portion ofsympathetic its bran-ches and distribution

Posterior thoracic wall-intercostal vessels andnerves

Dinptuagm

Vertebral—Costovertc-bral articulations

Surface anatomy

2 3

TotalPercentage

4 5

ABDOMEN

Name :Session : Roll No.

Year:

Ea:h dissection when completed, must be shown to oneof the Demonstrators and permission must be obtained beforeproceeding to the next item.

Date of distribution of part :

Date of completion of part:

Remarks:

Professor of Anatomy.

DemonstratorItems Item Marks Exa-

startcd — mineron Dissec- Viva

i l^n

1.

2

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

1

Perineum

External genitals—MaleFemale

Anterior abdominal wallSpermatic cordRound Ligament

Abdominal cavity-Positions and relationsof viscera

Peritoneum—Greater sacLesser sac

Mesentcric vessels

Stomach, Cocliac Axia,and Portal vein

Small intestine(Jejunam and Ueum)

Large intestine up toiliac colon

Duodenum, pancreasand spleen

2 3 4 5

43

1

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

2

Liver

Kidney, Suprarenalgland and abdominalwall

Diaphragm

Abdominal portion ofsympathetic systemincluding coeliac andaortic, plexuses.

Aorta, Inf. Venacava,Common, internal andExternal Jliac vessels.

Lymphatic system ofthe abdomen.

Lumbar plexus ofnerves and lumbar ves-sels

Pelvis—Positions andrelations of viscera

Hypogastric vessels andtheir branches.

Pelvic fascia and Pel-vis muscles—pelvisportion of ureter

Sigmoid colon, Rec-tum, Anal Canal

Urinary bladder. Pro-strate and urethra

Ovary, uterus, ulrinetubes, vagina

Pelvic nerves

Articulations—Lumbo sacralSacro illiacSacro coccygcalSymphasis pubis

3 4 5

Total ——

Pc rce n tage

SUPERIOR EXTREMJTY

Name :

Session:Roll No. —

Year:

Each dissection when completed, must be sho-.sn to one ofthe Demonstrators, and permission must be obtained beforeproceeding to the next item.

Date of distribution of ixirt:

Date of completion of part:

Renvrka Professor of Anatomy

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ft.

7.

S.

- q,

10.

11.

J2.

13.

14.

Items

1

Superficial dissectionof back

Pectoral region andaxillary fossa

Shoulder and scapularregion Acromio —clavicular articulation

Cubital fossa

I-ronl of the arm

Back of the arm

l:ront of Ihe forearm

Palm of the h a n d -superficial dissection

Palm of the handDeep dissection

Back of forearm

Dorsum of the hand

Shoulder joint

Elbow and Raiio-ulnarjoint

Wri^t joint and anicu-ialions or the hand.

Itemsstartedon

2

Marks

Dissec-tion

3

Viva

4

Bxa-miner

5

Total

Percentage

INFERIOR EXTREMITY

Name :

Session :Roll No. —-

Ycai :

Each disscuccti n when completed, musl he s,h wn to ine'. I ihc Demonstrators and permission must be obtained beforeproceeding to the next item.Date of distribution of part :—Date of completion of part :—

Remarks:—

DemonstratorProfessor of Anatomy

1.

3.

4.

Hems

1

Supcriicial dissectionof soleGlnlml regionPopliteal fossa

Back nf thigh

Itemsskirledon

2

IVT<irks

Dissec-

t ion

3

Viva

4

Exa-miner

5

.14 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I I I - S E C . 4]

5. Superficial dissectionol" whole of the front ofthe thighCulancnus nervesCutaneous vesselsDeep fascia

0. Deep dissection—(a) femoral sheath and

Femoral hernia

(b) Ailduclor region(c) Adductor canal

(d) Quadiiecps mubelc7. Anterior tibioflbular

region, Dorsum of foot

8. Pcrcneal region0. Post tibiofibular region

Superficial and middlecompartment

10. Deep dissection of sole

11. Hip joint12. Knee joint13. Tibioflbular and joints

14. Articulations of thefool including the arches

TotalPercentage

The written papers in Anatomy shall be distributed asfollows: —

Paper 1 — Upper extremity, head, face, neck and brain,

Paper II — Thoni<, addomin, pilvis a'i,i lower extremity

PHYSIOLOGY

The purpose of a course in physiology is to leachthe lunctions, processes and inter-relationship of thediflerent organs and systems of the normal hunumorganism as a necessary introduction to their distur-bance in disease and to equip the student with normalstandards of reference for use while diagnosing andtreating devictions from the normal. To a homoeopaththe human organism is an integrated whole of body,life and mind; though life includes all the chernico-physical processes it transcends them. There can beno symptoms of disease without vital force animatingthe human organism and it is primarily the vital forcewhich is deranged in disease. Physiology shouldtaught from the stand-point of description of vitalphenomena and the chemico-physical processes under-lying them in health.

There should be close co-operation between thevarious departments while teaching the differentsystems. There should be joint courses between thetwo departments of anatomy and physiology so thatthere is maximum co-ordination in the teaching ofthese subjects.

Seminars should be arranged periodically andlecturers of .anatomy, physiiogy and bio-chemistryshould bring home the point to (he students that Ihcintegrated approach is more meaningful. Forexample, gross and minute structure will be dealt

with by the anatomist while the role of subcel-lular particles in metabolic processes and the methodto assess them may be explained by the bio-chemistand towards the end the physiologist may dealt inan integrated manner with behaviour of the cell as aunit, co-ordinating the characteristic bio-chemical andstructural components sub-servhig specific functions.Students should be encouraged to participate in theseminars and present the practical subjects in anintegrated manner.

THEORETICAL

(1) IntroductionsFundamental phenomena of life. The cell andits differentiation. Tissues and organs of Ihebody.

(2) Bio-chemical principlesElementary constituents of protoplasm. Che-mistry of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.Ensymcs.

(3) Bio-physical principles

Units of concentration of solutions, ions,electroytcs and non-electroytes, filtration,diffusion, ultrafiltration, dialysis, surfacetension. Absorption, hydrotrophy, domanequilibrium, coloid, acid, base concentra-tion H.

(4) Nerve muscle physiology

Excitation process in a nerve and its propaga-tion changes undergone by a nerve on stimu-lation. Polarisation phenomena in nerve.Electrolecus, Reaction of degeneration, Ncuro-muscular transmission Different types ofmuscles in the body. Change on exitation andnature of the contractile process. Physiology ofmuscular exercise. Rigor mortis.

(5) Blood composition

Regulations of blood volume and its determina-tion, specific gravity of blood, reaction of bloodand ifs regulation. Composition and func-tion of blood plasma. Plasma protein andtheir function. Bone marrow, origin, com-position, fat, function of the formed element ofblood,, Chemistry of haemoglobin and its com-pounds and derivatives, coagulation of blood.Haemolysis, blood group.

(6) Cardio-vascular systemStructure and properties of cardiac muscle,cardiac cycle, action of valves, heart sounds,apex b.-ut, nutrition of heart and coronarycirculation, Electro-c,ardiogram, cardiac out-put. Origin and propagation of cardiac im-pulse. Nervous regulation of heart, cardiacreflexes, course and circulation of blood,structure of arteries, capillaries and veins,peculiarities of cerebral, pulmonary, hepatic,portal and renal circulation. Time of com-plete circulation, velocity of blood flow. Pulse,arterial and venous, innervalion of bloodvessels and control of circulation. Bloodpressure and its reguintion.Xontrol of capillarycirculation.

45

(7) Reticule Endothclial system and lymphReticulo endothelial svstem ( R E . system),spleen lymphatic glands. Tissue fluids andlymph, odema,

(8) Respiratory system.Analomy and minute structure of respiratoryorgans. Mechanism of respiratory movement,spirometry, chemistry of respiration. Composi-tion of inspired, expired and alveolar air Res-piratory quotient. Basal metabolism. Gasesin blood and their tension. Transport of 0 2and CO2 in blood. Mechanism of externaland internal respiration, control of respiration.Cheynes-stokcs respiration. Apnoea, dysponea,anoxia, cyanosis, asphyxia, effect of high andlow atmospheric pressure, acclimatisation.Mountain sickness, eaision disease, artificialrespiration, effect of respiration on circulation.

(9) Digestive systemMetabolism, nutrition and dietetities, normaldiet, vitamines. Milk its properties. Thedigestive organs and their structure and func-tion, various digestive juices, mechanism andfunctions. Liver, movement of alimentarycannt, Defection, digestion and absorption ofthe food stulT, and their metabolism. Biologi-cal value of protein. Bloodsugar and its regula-tion. Mineral Metabolism and metabolismduring starvation. Nutrition of an individual.

(10) The sense organsGeneral features, classification, sensation,Sensory Organs and sensory pathways :

(a) Vision.—Anatqjny of the eye. Errorsof refraction and their correction. Mecha-nism of accommodation, structure and func-tions of coats of eye ball. Ocular reflexes.Visual field. Visual pathway. Colour vision,Colour blinedness. Binocular vision.

(b) Hearing.—Structures of auditory appa-ratus, conduction of sound waves. Helmutstheory. Cochlear response. Vcstibularapparatus.

(c) Taste and smell.—^Structure and func-tion of the receptor organs.

(d) Cutenous and deen sensation.—Struc-ture and function and receptors.

(11) Voice and speech

Anatomy of larynx, Mechanism of productionof voice and speech.

(12) Endocrine Organs

(1.1) Reproduction

Primary and secondary sex organs andsecondary sex character. Mammary gland andProstate. Placenta :wd its function. Foetalrespiration and circulation.

( I -1) Excretory system

Kidney—formation and chemical composition

of urine, structure and functions of kidney.Constituents of urine, normal and abnormal.Volume of urine, physiology of micturition.Renal efficiency tests.

(15) Inegumentary stystcmStructure and functions of skin, formation,secretion, composition of sweat and sebum.Body temperature and its regulation.

(16) Nervous svstemEvolution and history of nervous system.Spinal cord and reflexes and Hs properties.Control of excitatory and inhibitory status.Somatic sensory receptors and pathwaysThalamus, Cerebral Cortex. Motor and asso-ciated areas. Pyramidal and extrapyramidalpathways, basal ganglia. Posture and loco-motion. Sensory and motor. Motor point inman, rccticular formation. EEG sleep, auto-nomic nervous system. Hypothalamas andlimbic system. Conditional reflexes, cerebellam.

PHYSIOLOGY (Practical)

(1) Urine-examination of normal and abnormolconstituents of urinary sediments. Quanti-tative examination for sugar, urea, albumin,acetone .and bile.

(2) R.B.C. & W.B.C. total count making andstaining; blood-film and differential count ofW.B.C. coagulation and bleeding time, Hb.estimation, fragility and sendimentation rateof R.B.Cs.

(3) Identification and use of common physiolo-gical instruments and appliances.

(4) Identification of histological specimen oftissues and organs viz, Liver, Kidney, lungs,thyroid, pnncreas, spleen, trachea, oesopha-gus, stomach, tongue, intestine, large intes-tine, testes, overy, bone, adipose tissue,spinal cord, suprarenal gland, parotid gland,anterior pituitary, salivarv glands, skin,parathyroid gland, cerebellum, cerebralcortex, cardiac muscle.

The written papers in physiology shall be distributedas follows :—

Pap;r—I

Elements of Bio-Physics, Histology, Blood andlymph, Cardiovascular system, Reticulo-cndothelialsystem, spleen. Respiration, Excretion of urine, skin,rcrmlation of body temperature, sense organs.

Paper—II

Endocrine organs, nervous system, nerve musclesphysiolocy. Digestive system and metabolism. Bio-chemistry of protein, caibnhydrate rmd lipoid,Ensymcs. Nutrition.

46 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I I I — S E C ® ]

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6]

(7)

(a)

(b)(c)

<d]

(c)

(f)

u:

(h

Practical Examination

Full Murks—100

I

ExaminaLion of physical and chemi-cal constituents of normal andabnormal urine (qualitative).

Enumeration of total cell count ofBlood (R.B.C. or W.B.C.) ordifferential count of peripheralblood or estimation of percentageof Hb.

Viva-voce on instruments andapparatus

Identification of two Hjjtoiogicalslides

i Experimental physiology

I Laboratory Note-Book

I Viva-voce on experiments

PSYCHOLOGY

Introduction to Normal Psychology

i Definition of jDsychology as a sciencits difference irom other science.

1 Conception of the mind.Mesmar and his theory. Hypnotismturc of consciousness.

) Fraud and his theory-Dynamics ofunconcious Development of the Libk

Other contemporary schools of Psych

Relation between mind and body inand disease.

1 Percentage. Imagination. Ideation. 1gence. Memory.

) Cognition. Conation. Affect. InSentiment. Behaviour.

Murks

20

15

15

10

15

10

15

e and

struc-

theie.

iology.

health

Intelli-

istinct.

HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA

Homoeopathic materia medica is differenfly cons-tructed as compared to. other material medicas.Homoeopathy, considers that study of the action ofdrugs on individual parts or systems of the body oron animals or their isolated organs is only a partialstudy of life processes under such action and that itdoes not lead us to a full appreciation of the actionof the medicinal agent; the drug agent as a whole islost sight of.

2.' Essential. and complete knowledge of the drugaction as a whole can supplied only by qualitativesynoptic drug experiments on healthy persons andthis alone can make it possible to "view all the scat-tered data in relation to the psycho-somatic whole ofa person; and it is just such a person as a whole towhom the knowldege of drug action is to be applied.

3. The homoeopathic malcvia medica consists ofschematic arrangement.of symptoms produced by eachdrug incorporating no theories or explanations abouttheir interpretation or inter-relationship. Each drugshould be studied synthetically, analytically andcomparatively, and this alone would enable a, homoeo-pathic student to study each drug individually and asa whole and help him to be a good prescribes

4. Polyehrests and the most commonly indicateddrugs for every day ailments should be taken up firstso that in the clinical classes or outdoor duties thestudents become familiar with their applications.They should be thoroughly dealt with, explaining allcomparisons and relationship. Students should beconversant with their sphere of action and familyrelationship.

The Isss common and rare drugs should be taughtin outline, emphasising only their most salient featuresand symptoms. Rare drugs should be dealt withlater.

5. Tutorials must be introduced so that students insmall numbers can be in close touch with teachersand can be helped to study and understand materiamedica in relation to its application in the treatmentof the sick.

6. While teaching therapeutics an attempt shouldbe made to recall the materia medica so that indica-tions for drugs in ,a clinical condition can directlyflow out from the provings of the drugs concerned.The student should be encouraged to apply the re-sources of the vast materia medica in any sicknessand not limit himself to memorise a few drugs for aparticular disease. This Hahnemannian approach willnot only help him in understanding the proper pers-pective of symptoms as applied and their curativevalue in sickness but will even lighten his burden asfar as formal examinations are concerned. Otherwisethe present trend produces the allopathic approachto treatment of diseases and it contradictory to theteaching of organon,

Application of materia medica should be demons-trated from cases in the outdoor and hospital wards.

Lectures on comparative materia medica andtherapeutics as well as tutorials should be as far aspossible integrated with lectures on clinical medicinein the various departments.

7. For the teaching of drugs the college shouldkeep herbarium sheets and other specimens for de-monstration to the students. Lectures should bemade interesting and slides of plants and materialsmay be projected.

8.CA) Introductory lectures : Tenehing of theHomoeopathic materia medica should include :

(i) nature and scope fit homoeopathic materiamedica.

(Ji) \..iu,;c: nl' rmmoenpnthic niitotia medica,and

fiii) different ways of studying the materiamedica.

47

(E) The drugs are to bs taught under the followingheads :

(i) common name, natural order, habitat, partused, preparation.

(ii) sources of drug proving,(iii) symptomatology of the drug emphasising

the characteristic symptoms and modalities.

(iv) comparative study of drugs,(v) complementary, inimical, antidotal and con-

cordant remedies.(vi) therapeutic applications (applied nia'.erki

medica).

(C) A study of 12 tissue remedies according toSchussler's Biochemic System of Medicine.

APPENDIX T

LIST OF DRUGS INCLUDED IN THE SYLLABUS

OF MATERIA MEDICA FOR THE 1ST B.H.M.S.

EXAMINATION

1. Abrotanum2. Aconitum Nap.3. Aesculus Hip.4. Aeihusa Cyn.5. Alium Cepa.6. Aloes Socotrina7. Ammonium Carb8. Antimoniurn Crud9. Autimonium Tart

10. Apis Mellifica11. Argentum Met.12. Argentum Nit. ,13. Arnica Montana.14. Arsenicum Alb.15. Arum Triph.16. Aurum Met.17. Baptisia Tin.18. Baryta Carh19. Belladonna20. Berberis Vul.21. Borax22. Bryonia Alb.23. Cak-area Carb.24. Calendula25. Carbo Veg.

.,26. Causticum27. Chamomilla28. Cina29. Cichona Off30. Colchicum Autm.31. Colocynth32. Drosera33. Dulcamara34. Euphrasia35. Gelsemium36. Graphites

37. Hepar Suiph.

38. Helleborus39. Hyoscyamus N.40. Ignartia41. Ipecac42. Kali Bich43. Kali Carb.44. Lachesis45. Ledum Pal'16. Lycopodimn47. Mercurius Cor.48. Mercurius Sol.49. Niteric Acid50. Nux. Vomica51. Podophyllum52. Pulsafilla53. Rhus Tox.54. Secale Cor.55. Spongia Tosta56. Sulphur57. Thuja Oc.58. Vcratrum Alb.59. Calcarea Fluor60. Calcarea Phos.61. Calcarea Sulph.62. Fcrrum Phos63. Kali Mur,64. Kali Phos.65. Kali Sulph.66. Magnesia Phos67. Natrum Mur,68. Natrum Phos.69. Natrum Sulph70. Silicea

APPENDIX Til

SYLLABUS OF MATERIA MEDICA FOR

III & ]V 13.H.M.5. EXAMINATIONIn addition to the list of dr:igs (Appendix I & II)

for-the I & II B.H.M.S. examinations rhe followingadditional druas are included in the syllabus ofMatcria Medica for the HI & IV B.H.M.S. exami-nations.

1. Abies Can.2. Abies Nigra.3. Acalypha Tndica4. Actea Spicata5. Adonis Vcinalis6. Adrenalin7. Anthra'xium8. Antimonium Ars.9. Artemisia Vulearis

10. Asafoelida11. Asterias Rubena12. Avena SativaJ3. Baeillinum14. Baryta Mur.15. Bcllis Perenois16. Benzoic Acid

4 S THE GAZETTE OF JNDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [Cwir III—Sec. 4J

17. Bluttu Oricutaiit.18. Bufo Ranu19. Caladium20. Cannabis Ind.21. Cannabis Sat.22. Capsicum23. Carbo AniinaJis24. Carbolic Acid25. Cardus Marianus26. Carsinosin27. Cauiophyllum28. Cedron29. Ceanothus30. Chininum Ars31. Cholesteriura32. Cicutta virosa33. Clematis34. Coca35. Cocculus Ind.36. Coffca Crud37. Collinsonia38. Condurango39. Corallium40. Crafacgus41. Crocus Sat.42. Crotalus Hor.43. Croton Tip.44. Cuprum Met.45. Cyclamen46. Dioscorea Villosa47. Diphthcrinum48. Equisetum49. Erigcron50. Eupatroium Perfol.51. Flouric Acid52. Glonoine53. Helonias54. Hydrastis Can.55. Hydrocotyle56. Hypericum57. lodum58. Kalmia Lai.59. Lac Caninum60. Lac Def.61. Lillium Tig.62. Lithium Carb.63. Lobelia Inflata64. Lyssin65. Magnesia Carb.66. Magnesia Mur.67. Malandrinum68. Medorrhinum69. Mephitis70. Mclilotus A,71. Menyanthcs72. Mercurius Cynatus73. Mercurius Dulcis

74. Murcmius Sol,75. Miilefolium76. Mezereum77. Moschus78. Murex79. Muriatic Add80. Naja T.81. Onosmodium82. Oxalic Acid83. Passiflora84. Petroleum85. Phosphoric Acid86. Phvsosfigma87. Picric Acid88. Plumbum Met.89. Psorinum90. Pyrogenium91. Radium Bro.92. Rananculus Bulb93. Raphanus94. Ratanhia95. Rheum96. Rhododendron97. Rumex Cr.98. Ruta G.99. Sabadilla

100. Sabal Ser.101. Sabina102 Sambucus Nigra103. Sanguinaria Can104. SaniculaJ05. Sarsaparilla106. Squilla107. Spigclia108. Stannum Met.109. Staphysagria110. Sticta Pul111. Selenium112. Stramonium113. Sulphuric Acid114. Symphytum115. Syphilinum116. Sysygium Jam.117. Tabacum11S. Taraxacum119 Tarentula C.120. Terebinthina121. Tlieridion122. Thnlspi Bursa123. Thvroidinum124. TtJlliiLm Pendulum125. T.'nicEi Urens126 IMi'ago M.12?. Vaccimnm128. Valeriana129. Varlolinura130. Verafrum Viride131. Vinca Minor

49

132. Vipcra133. Vibernum Opules134. X-Ray135. Ziiicum Met.

APPENDIX II

SYLLABUS OF MATER1A MEDTCA FOR THETT. B.H.M.S. EXAMINATION

In addition to the list of 70 drugs lor the first13.H.M.S. Examination, (Appendix 1) the followingadditional drugs arc included in the svllabus ofMateria M?dica lor the Ii B.H.M.S. examination.

EXAMINATION1. Acetic Acid2. Actca Raeemosa3. Agaricus Muscarius4. Agnus Castus5. Alumina6. Ambra Grisca7. Ammonium Mur.8. Anacardium Ori.°. Apocynum Can.

10. Arsenicmn lod.11. Bismuth12. Bromium13. Bovista14. Cactus G.15. Calcarea Ars.16. Camphora17. Canthcris18. Chelidonium Mai.19. Conium Mac.20. Digitals P.21. Ferrum Met.22. KaliBrom.23. Kreosotum24. Nairum Garb.25. Nux. Moschaia26. Opium27. Petroleum28. Phosphorus29. Phytolacca30. Platiua Met31. Sepia.

ORGANON AND PRINCIPLES OF HOMOEO-PATHIC PHILOSOPHY

I. 11. & III B.H.M.S. EXAMINATIONS

Hahnemann's Organon of medicine is the highwater mark of medical philosophy. It is an originalcontribution in the field of medicinein a codifiedform. A study of Organon as well as of the historyof homoeopathy and its founder's life story willshow that homoeopathy is a product of applicationof the inductive logical* method of reasoning to thesolution of one of The greatest problems of humanitynamely the treatment and cure of the sick. A thorough

182 GI/83—7

nquaintp.ncc with the- fundamental principles of logic,both' "dejl-uctive mid "inductive- is therefore essential.The Organon should accordingly be taught in suchmanner as to make clear to the students the implica-tions of the logical principle by which homoeopathywas worked out and build up and with which ahomoeopathic physician has to conduct his daily workwith case and facility in treating every concreteindividual case.

The practical portions should be thoroughly under-stood and remembered for guidance in pratical work;is a physician.

T, B.H.M.S. Examination

(1) Introductory lectures 10 lectures.Subjects :What is homoeopathy ?It is not merely a special form of therapeutics,but a complete system of medicine with thedistinct approach to life, health, disease,remedy and cure.

— Its out and out logical and objective basisand approach.

— Homoeopathy is nothing but an objective• and rational system of medicine.

— Homoeopathv is thoroughly scientific Inthe approach and methods.

— Based on observed facts and data and oninductive and deductive logic inseparablyrelated with observed facts and data.

— Distinct approach of Homoeopathy toall the pre-clinical para-clinical andclinical subjects.

— Preliminary idea about all the para-clinical and prc-clinical subjects. Theirmutual relations, and relation with thewhole living organism.

— Importance of learining the essentials ofsubjects for efficient applications of theprinciples of homoeopathy for the purposeof cure and health.

— Distinctive essential features of thedynamic pharmacology (proving) andpharmacy of Homoeopathy.

(2) Hahnemann's life and pioneers of Homoeo-pathy and their contributions.

(3) Hahnemann's Organon of Medicine—aphorism 1 to 70.

TI B.H.M.S. Examination

(1) Hahnemman's Organon of Medicine shouldbe completed during the II B.H.M.S.course though the examination may belimited to Aphorism 1 to 145.

(2) Introduction to Organon of Medicine (5thand 6th Editions).

(3) Homoeopathic philosophy (a) Kent'slectures in Homoeopathic philosophy,

5 0 T H E G A Z t T T E O F I N D I A : E X T R A O R D I N A R Y [ P A R T l l f • - S B O ^ J

(b) Stuart Closs-lcctures and Essays onhomoeopathic- philosophy (Geniur ofFlomoepp-Uhvi (c) Art of cure by Homoea-jwthy--H. Roberts (d) Science of therapeu-tlcs-—Dunhum. During the lectures onHomoeopathic philosophy, the followingterms should be elucidated :—

(i) The scope of homoeopathy.

(ii) Tlie logic of homoeopathy,

(iii) Life, Health, Disease and Indisposition,

(vi) Susceptibility, reaction and immunity.

(v) General pathology of Homoeopathictheory of acute and chronic mjasms.

(vi) Homoeopathic Philosophy.

(vii) Potentisation and infinitesimal dose andthe drug and the drug potential.

(viii) Examination of the patient, from theHomoeopathic point of view.

(ix) Significance and implications of totality ofsymptoms.

(x) The value of symptoms.

(xi) The Homoeopathic aggravation.

(xii) Prognosis after observing the action of theremedy,

(xiii) The second prescription.

(xiv) Difficult and incurable cases—palliation.

(4) Introductory chapters of Huges's Principlesand practice of Homoeopathy. In theirintroductory lectures to organon the pro-fessors are requested to impress upon themind of the students the implications of thelogical principles of which homoeopathy wasbuilt and worked out; and the history of thedevelopment of medicine in the West andHahnemann's contribution to it in order toarrive at a right assessment of the place ofHomoeopathy in all its aspects in the fieldof medicine and life of Hahnemann.

TTI. B.H.M.S. Examination

(1) HahnernannV Organon of Medicine (5th &6th Editions).

(2) History of homoeopathic medicine—as itexisted during Hahnemann's time, eartv lifeof Hahnemanu; his disgust with the existingsystem of treatment: his discovery of law ofsimilars; historv of the late life of Hahne-mann. Introduction of Homoeopathy invarious countries. Pioneers of Homoeopathyand their contributions, Development ofHomoeopathy upto the present day. Thepresent trend's in the development ofHomoeopathy on other systems of medicine.

(3) Homoeopathic philosophy.

(4) Hahnemann's on chronic Diseases.

Tepicwise Study of Organon

V Lectures on doctrinal p-vt (Aphorism 1—70)

(a) Aim of physician and highest ideal cureAph 1 & 2.

(b) Knowledge of a physician—Aph 3 & 4.

(c) Knowledge of disease which supplies theindication—Aph, 5 to 15.

(d) Knowledge of medicines—Aph 19 to 21.

(e) Evaluation of Homoeopathic method fromother methods of (reaiment—Aph 22 to69.

(f) Summary—three conditions for cure—Aph. 70.

B. Lectures on practical part of organon is to bedivided into and taught under the followingsubjects :—

(a) That is necessary to be known in order tocure the diseases and case taking method—Aph 71 to 104.

(b) The pathogenetic powers of medicine i.e.drug proving or how to acquire knowldegeof medicine—Aph 105—145.

(c) How to choose the right medicine—Aph.147, 148. 149, 150, 153, 155.

(d) The right dose—Aph. 157, 160, 161,162, 163, 164, 169, 171, 173.

(e) Local disease—Aph. 186, 187 190, 191,196, 197, 199, 201, 202, 203.

(f) Chronic diseases—Aph. 204, 206, 208.

(g) Mental diseases Aph. 200 to 230.

(h) Intermittent diseases—Aph. 231. 232,236, 238, 240 to 242.

(i) Diet regimen and thc. modes of employingmedicines—Aph. 245, 248, 252, 253, 256,262, 263, 269, 270, 272, 275, 276, 280,286, 289, 290, 291.

PRACTICAL

Practical application of knowldege of Organon :—

Clinical lectures both in mi out patients departmentsexamination of the patient from homoeopathic point ofview : —

(a) Disease determination

(b) Disease individualisation.

(c) Evaluation of symptoms

(d) Gradation of symptoms

(e) Selection of medicineand potency and repetition of dose.

The virtue of symptoms

(f) Disease aggravation or Homoeopathic Aggra*vation.

51

(g) Miasmatic diagnosis,

(h) Second prescription.

(i) Prognosis after observing the action of theremedy,

111. B.H.M.S. Organou Examinations

AL the 111 B.H.M.S. examination the writtenpapers in Organon und principles of. HomoeopathyPhilosophy shall be distributed as follows :—

Paper 1—Introduction to organou (5th and bthEditions)—Aphorism 1—294

Paper II—(i) History or' Homoeopathic Medicine,(ii) Homoeopathic Philosphy.(iii) Chronic Diseases.

PATHOLOGY BACTERIOLOGY AND PARA-SI TOLOGY

The teaching of pathology and bacteriology has tobe done very cautiously and judiciously, while allopathyassociates the pathology of tissues and micro-orga-nisms with disease conditions and considers bacteriaas conditioned causes of diseases, homoeopathy re-gards disease as purely a dynamic disturbance of thevital force expressed as altered sensations and functionswhich lrviy or may not ultimate in gross tissue changes.The tissue changes are not therefore an essential partof the disease perse and are not accordingly in homoeo-pathy the object of treatment by medication.

2. Since the discoveries of Louis Pasteur and RobertKoch the medical world has come to believe in thesimple dogma "kill the germs and cure, the disease".But subsequent experience has revealed that there isnn elusive factor called 'susceptibility' of the patientwhich is behind infection and actual outbreak ofdisease. As homoeopathy is mainly concerned withreactions of the human organism M different morbidfactors, rnicrobial or otherwise, the role of bacteria orviruses in the production of disease is therefore inhomoeopathy quite secondary,

3. Knowldege of bacteriology is nevertheles.i neces-sary for a complete homoeopathic physician; but it isfor purposes other than therapeutics such as fordiagnosis, prognosis, prevention of" disease and generalmanagement. Similarly knowldege of pathology isnecessary for disease determination, prognosis, for dis-crimination between symptoms of the patient andsymptoms of the disease and for adjusting the dose andpotency of indicate homoeopathic remedy.

4. Only^ broad basic training in pathology, freefrom specialist bias, should however iv imparted tostudents. Teachers of pathology should never losesjght of the fact that they are training medical practi-tioners, especially homoeopathic practitioners, and nottechnicians and specialists in pathology. The livingpatient, and not the corps, should be the central themein the teaching of this subject.

5. The purpose of the instruction in pathology is toenable the student to cordate' subjective symptomswith the objective ones to interpret clinical symptoms

and their inter-relationship of the basis of mideiyingpathology.

Introduction : Scope of pathology—old school—newschool (Homoeopathic j . How tostudy pathology.

THEORETICAL

1. UAC1KRIOLOGY :

Morphology, biology, sterilisation, chemotherapy,principles of .artificial media, infection, defence reaction,immunity, hyjjersensitivcncss, skin tests, systematicstudy of bacterial habits, importance—morphological,cultural, bio-chemical, serological and toxic behaviourof the common pathogenic and non-pathogenic species.Pathologic changes produced by diseases— bacteriaand their laboratory diagnosis. Staphylococci, strepto-cocci, diplococei, Neisseria, MycobacUirium tubercu-losis (Types) Juicobactarium leprue, names and diffe-rentiation of sjiirochaetes from pathogcuic mycobacte-riac, emyiiebaeteiiuin diphtherae. Aerobic sporebearing bacteria-bacillus anthreis, .anaerobes, generaland special feature-, of the pathogens. Names of someimportant, non-pathogens. Gram negative intestinalbacteria classification, identification of the pathogensalmonella, vibric bacterium, pastcrurella, general ideaabout hiieniophiles. pscudomonas, brucellii, ricktsia,protciK spirochaelcs—general idea, details of trepo-neniii pailidum and leptospiraictcro haemorrhagiae.

Viruses-general characters, classification of disease,immunological measures, against some importantviruses disease, e.g. varicella. Rabies, Bacteriophage.

2, PARAS1TOLOGY :

Protozoa-classification names of important rhizo-podu, ent. hU-tolytica, morphology, pathogenesis andpathogsnieity, diagnosis, differences from ent. colisporitecu species of plasmod\a life history and patho^genesis differentiation of species.

Mas.Ugoph.6ra-—general broad morphological fea-tures, classification, pathogensis, vectors, pathlogyof Kalazar important features source disease due tobalantidium coli.

Helminths—-definition of certain terms, simple classi-fication differences between namatodes, cestodes andtrematodjs, Broad differentiating morphological fea-tures and broad life history and pathogencsts of im-portant species, of Cestodes and Nematodes-infecthigliver, lungs, intestines and blood-general life differencesbetween sehislo^omcs arid other irematodes.

3. Pathology:

fa) Principles of general pathology :

Injury, inflammation and repair, degenerations,cloudy swelling and post-mortem degeneration. Princi-ples of fixation. Fatty changes, Lipoid degeneration,tumours Hyaline, mucoid and myloid degenerations,Necrosis and gangrene. Disturbances of pigment,calcium cind uric acid metabolism. Avitnmitiosis.Anaemias. Disorders of growth melaplesia, uiiaplasia.atrophy hypcrtorophy, erysipedious. Neoplasm classifi-cation benign and malignant, spread- cyfnlopieal

52 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I I I—SEC. 4]

factors, experimental carcinogenesis theories, circula-tory disturbances, clothing, ischaemia, thrombosis,,embolism, infarction, hyperaemia, oedema, shock.

(b) Pathology and special organs :

Morbid anatomy (Microscopic) in common disorders.

(c) Clinical and chemical pathology :Blood—collection for different purposes. Estima-

tion of haemoglobin, total cqunt of R.B.Cs., platelets,M.C.H., M.C.V., M.C.H.C. significance, differentialleucocyte count. Malaria-parasites, leishmania, trypan-osornes in peri-pheral blood, marrow or spleen punc-ture material, Development of R.B.C. and W.B.C.Leukaemia. Eiythrocyte sedimentation rate, bloodcultuie. Aldehyde and Chopra's test, Bleeding andcoagulation time Prothrombin time.

Blood groups, Estimation of blood sugar. Sugartolerance test. Liver function tests, specially bilirubin,vandenbergh's reaction, icterus index, fractional mealtest.

Urine—estimation of urea, urea clearance test,water disease, urinary deposits, faeces, different "ova-differentiation bacillary dysentaiy. Amoebic desentary.Examination of thrpat swab, sputum, C.S.F. asciticand pleural fluids.

Practical

Clinical and Chemical Pathology :

Estimation of haemoglobin (by acidornetery)—Count of R.B.Cs. and W.B.Cs. staining of thin andthick films, differential counts and paiasitcs.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urine, physical,chemical microscopical, quantity of albumin and sugar,faeces—physical chemical (ocult blood) and micro-scopical for ova and protozoa.

Methods of sterilisation, preparation of a media,use of microscope. Gram and acjd fast stains. Motilitypreparation. Gram positive and negative cocci andbacilli. Special stains for corynebacterium-gram andacid fast stains of pus and sputum.

Haconkeys plate—sugar reactions-gram stain andmotility of gram negative ,intestinal bacteria, widal anddemonstration of pasteurella and of spirochaetes bydark field illumination—Fentans's strain-Lovaditt'sstain. Demonstration of Methods of nacrobiosis.

Morbid Histology :

Practical tiaining in methods of fixation, embedding,cutting and staining of paraffin and frozen sections.Grey hepatization, acute appendicitis, chronic appen-dicitis septic liver abscess. Granulation tissue, tuber-culosis of lung, portfil cirrhosis, fatty liver, maiarjaeliver athcroma, papilloma, fibro-adenoma, fibromyoma,squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas, adenocra-cinema, scirrhous carcinoma, encephaloid carcinoma,secondary carcinoma in lymph gland, round andspindle—celled sarcoma.

FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY

The subject is of practical importance to the stu-dents of homoeopathic medicine as homoeopathic

physicians are to be employed by Government in areaswhere they may have to handle meJjco-legal cases,perform autopsies, apart from giving evidence in suchcases. The training in torensic medicine at presentconducted is inadequate to meet these needs.

The couisj should consist of a series of lectures anddemonstrations including—

1. Legal Procedure :

Definition of Medical Jurisprudence, eouris #ndtheir jurisdiction.

2. Medical ethics :

Law relating to medical registration and medicalrelation between practitioner and the State. TheCentral Council of Homoeopathy Act, 1973 and theCode of Ethics under it, the practitioners and thepatients, Malpractices covering professional secrecy,the practitioner and the various legislations (Acts)Provincial and Union such as Workman's compensa-tion Act, Public Health Act, Injuries Act, ChildMarriage Registration Act, Borstal Schools Act,Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act. Lunacy Act,Indian Evidence Act etc.

3. Forensic Medicine :

Examination and identification of persons livingand dmd : Parts', Bon^s, stains, etc. health : Medico-legal; Post Mortem si«ns, sfages and results; putrifi-cation, mummification ; saponificatio.i, forms of death,caus.es, agencies, onset etc. Assaults, wounds, injuriesand death by violence. Asphyxial death, blood exa-mination, blood stains, seminal stains ; burns, scalds,lighting stroke etc. Starvation, pregnancy, delivery,abortion, Tnfantic'de, sexual crimes, Insenity in rela-tion to the State life and accident insurance.

Toxicology

A separate course of lectures dealing poisoning ingeneral, the symptoms and treatments of variouspoisons, post-mortem- appearance, and test should begiven, study ot' the following poisons :—

Mineral Acid, corrosive sublimate, arsenic and itscompound alcbohol, opinm and its alkaloids, carbolicacid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. Keroseneoil, carmabis indica, cocaine, belladonna, • strychninand nuxvomica, aconite, oleander, snake poisoning,prusic acid, lead poisoning.

4. Medico legal post-mortem :

Recording post mortem appearance, forwardingmaterials to chemical examiner; Interpretation <!'laboratory and chemical examiner's findings. Studentswho are attending a course of lecture in forensicmedicine should avail themselves of all possible oppor-tunities of attsnding mcdico-Jegal post-mortems con-ducted by the professors of forensic medicine. Tt isexpected that each student should attend at least 10post-mortems.

5. Demonstration :

(1) Weapons,

(2) Organic & Inorganic poisons,

53

(3) Poisonous plants,

(4) Charts, • diagram, models, X-ray films etc. ofmedico-legal interest.

PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE &.FAMILY WELFARE

(including Health Education an/ Family Mediciao)Instruction in this course should be given in the

third year of medical studies by lectures, demonstra-tions and field studies. This subject is of utmostimportance, and throughout the period of medicalstudies the attention of the student should be directedto the importance of preventive medicine and themeasures for the promotion of positive health.

His function is not limited merely to prescribinghomoeopathic medicines for curative purposes but hehas a wider role to play in the community. He hasto be well conversant with the national health prob-lems both oif rural as well as urban areas, so that hecan be assigned responsibilities to play an effectiverole not only in the field of cuu-.r'e but also ofpreventive and social medicine i,.eluding familyplanning.

1. Introduction to preventive and social medicineconcept, man and society ; aim and scope cf preven-tive and social medicine, social causes of disease andsocial problems of the sick. relation of economicfactors and environment in health and disease.

2. Physiological hygiene—

Food and nutrition—food in relation to health anddisease. Balanced diets. Nutritional deficiencies andnutritional survey. Food processing, pasteurisationof milk. Adulteration of food and iood inspection.

Food poisoning.

(b) Air, light and sunshine.

(c) Effect of climate—Humidity temperature, pres-sure and other meteorological conditions—comfortzone, effect ol overcrowding.

(d) Personal hygiene—(Cleanliness, rest, sleep,work) Physical exercise and training care of health intopics.

3. Environmental sanitation :

(a) Definition and importance.

(b) Atmospheric pollution—purification of air, airsterilisation. Air borne diseases.

(c) Water supplies—sources and uses, impuritiesand purification. Public water supplies in urban andrural areas. Standards of drinking water, water bornediseases.

(d) Conservancy—Methods in villages, towns andcities, septic tanks, dry earth latrines—water closets.Disposal of sewage, disposal of the. deseased, disposalof refuge, incineration.

(e) Sanitation of fairs and festivals.

(f)-•Disinfection—disinfectants, deodorants, anti-septics germicides. Methods of disinfection andsterilisation.

(g) Insects—Insecticides and disinfection—insectsin relation to disease. Insect control.

(h) Protozoa! and helminthic disease,—Life cycleof protozen and helminths, their prevention.

5. Medical statistics :

Principles and elements -of vital statibtics.

b. Preventive medicine :

(a) General principles of prevention and ccclrol ofcommunicable diseases. Plague, cholera, small pox,diphtheria, leprosy, tuberculosis, malaria, kala-zar,fiiarisis, common viial diseases e.g. common col:lmeasles, chicken pox, poliomyelitis, infective hepatitis,helminthic infections, enteric fever and dysenteries,also animal diseases transmissible to man. Theirdescription and methods of preventive spread bycontact, by droplet infection by environmental vehi-cles, (water, soil, food insects, animals,- foundericsetc.) homoeopathic point of view regarding prophylaxisand vaccination.

Natural history of diseases.

7. Maternal and child health, school health serviceshealth education, mental hygiene—elementary princi-ples ; school medicine its aim and methods.

8. Family PI;; •..' ~ ^ •, •••:.'.; channels ofcommunication, .* : • • ;' •_, L . ••ling programme,knowledge, attitudes regarding contraceptive prac-tices. Population and growth control.

9. Public health administration and internationalhealth relation.

N.B.—Field demonstration—water purificationplant, infectious diseases hospitals etc.

SURGERY INCLUDING HOMOEOPATHICTHERAPEUTICS

Where medicine fails surgery begins. Affection ofej-fernal parts requiring, mechanical tkili propeilybelong to surgery; but frequently whsn the injury isto extensive or violent as to evoke dynam>c reactionin the organism, dynamic treatment with remedies isnecessary.

Surgery removes the end products of disease ; butpro and post operative treatment is essential U correctthe basic dyscrasia and prevent sequelae or compli-cations.

A large number of conditions being . amenable tointernal medication in homoeopathy, the scop; of thelatter is much ¥/ider and that of surgery is to thatextent limited. But as a supplement to medicine,surgery has definite place in homoeopathy and shoifKbe taught accordingly.

A. A course of systematic inittrcfiops in theprinciples of surgery,

B. During the first three months of. the ciinic?.jperiod when the students will not be incharge of.beds, they will be given instruc-tions of fundamentals or clinical exf/ninaiionincluding phy§ic,al signs, the uses of common

54 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I I I—SE C. 4]

instruments, asepsis and antisepsis, dressingof wounds etc.

C. Practical instructions in suigical methodincluding physiotherapy.

D. Practical instructions in minor operativesurgery on the living.

E. Instruction in the following subjects :

(i) Radiology and electrotherapeutics andtheir application to surgery.

<ii) Venereal diseases.

(iii) Orthopcadics.

(ivj Dental diseases,

(v) Surgical diseases of infancy and childhood.

F. As a matter of convenience, it is .iiiggestedthat instructions may be given in the follow-ing manner during the two years of clinicalcourse in surgery.

II. B.H.M.S.

1. General:

Applied anatomy and applied physiology, generalsurgical procedure. Inflammation. Infection-non-specific infections, specific infections, suppuration,bacteriology of surgical diseases, immunity, injuries,contusions, wounds, haemorrhage, shock, burns andscalds, tumours and cysts, injuries and diseases ofskin and subcutaneous tissues, ulceration and gangrene,diseases of the blood vessels and lymphatic system,injuries of bones, injuries of joints, injuries in" limbs.Injuries of the pelvis, diseases £fnd tumours of boneand curtilage, diseases of joints, clinical manifesta-tions of diseases of individual joints. Deformities oflimbs. Amputation. Artificial limbs. Injuries anddiseases of nerves, muscles, tendons, bursae.

2. General diseases.

3. Dental Surgery.

4. Lecture demonstrations on bandages and othersurgical appliances.

Ill, B.H.M.S.

1. General:

Injuries and diseases of the scalp and skull, brainand its membrance, face, lips, mouth, jaws, tongue,salivary glands, neck, thyroid, parathyroid and thymus,breast, chest and thoracic viscera, spine, abdominalparieties and peritoninm, stomach, duodenum, liver,gall bladder and bile ducts, pancreas nnd spleen,intestines rectum and anal canaU Intestinal obstruc-tion, hernia, injuries and diseases of kidney, ureter,bladder, urethra and genitalia. Disease-! of the supra-renal and the autonoinic nervous system,.

2. Otorhinolaryngology (E.N.T.):

Knowledge of the common diseases and accidentsof ear, nose and throat including trncheo-bronchial

tree and oesophagus with a knowledge of anatomy,physiology, pathology, treatment and simple operativemeasures.

J. Ophthalmology :

Clinical examination of the eye—subjective andobjective elementary anatomy of the_ eye, Commondiseases of the lids, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctivitis,cornea, sclera, iris, cilliary body and lens, glaucoma,orbital cellulities, exophthalmos. , Endophthalmos,Panophthalmitis, common diseases of Ihe retina andthe optic nerve, associated with general conditions.Injuries of the eye lids and eye ball. Elementaryrefraction of the eye. Squint Oph'thalnioseopy, Commonoperations of the eye and its appendages.

4. Lecture demonstrations on X-ray.

5. Surgical diseases of infancy and childhood.

Note;

1. Throughout the whole period of the study, 1htattention of the student should be directed by theteachers of this subject 1o the importance of its pre-ventive aspects.

2. Instructions in these branches of medicine shouldbe directed to the attainment of sufficient knowledgeto ensure familiarity with the common conditions,their recognition and homoeopathic treatment.

3. Every student shall prepare and submit 20 com-plete case histories, 10 each in the 11 & 111 B.H.M.Sclasses respectively.

The written papers in Surgery shall be distributed asfollows :—

Paper I

General Surgery :

Inflammation, specific and non-specific infections,haemorrhage, shock, burns, ulcer and gangreneTumours and cysts. Injuries and diseases of nervous,muscles, tendons and bursea, diseases of lymph,vascular system including spleen—

Head and neck surgery including surgery ofthyroid, breast and congenital anomalies.

Abdominal surgery including gastrointestinalsystem Bone and joint surgery. Injuries anddiseases of spine.

Deformities of limbs.

Thracic surgery and Homoeopathic therapeutics-

Paper n

Otorbinolaryngology, general diseases, ophthalmology. Dental and Homoeopathic therapeutics anclscope of surgery in Homoeopathy.

OBSTETRICS GYNAECOLOGY AND TNFANTHYGTENE INCLUDING HOMOEOPATHIC

THERAPEUTICS

Homoeopathy adopts the same attitude towardsthese subjects as it does towards medicine and surgery.But while dealing with obstetrical and gynaecological

55

cases, a homoeopathic physicist must be trained- inspecial clinical methods of investigation for diagnosinglocal conditions and discriminating cases, there surgicalintervention either as a life-saving measure forremoving mechanical obstacles is necessary.

The best time to eradicate familial dyscrasias in awoman or to purify the foetus of such dyscrasias whichit may inherit during preguaucy ; and this should faspecially stressed.

Students should also be instructed in the case ofthe new-born. The fact that the mother and child'from a single biological unil and that this peculiarclose psychological relationship persists for at leaslthe first two years of the child's life should beparticularly emphasised.

A course of systematic instructions in the principlesand practice of obstetrics and gynaecology and infanthygiene, including the applied anatomy and physiologyof pregnancy and labour.

IT B.H.M.S. Course

Obstetrics.—Applied anatomy, development of theovum. The foetus and appendages, pregnancy-normal pregnancy, prenatal care, introduction toabnormal pregnancy. Labour-normal, introduction toabnormal labour. Pucrpurium ; normal puerperium ;Post-natal care.

Gynaecology.—Applied anatomy and physiolosy,gynaecological examination. Developmental anomaliesof the female generative organs ; sex-hormones nuddisorders of function, menstrual anomalies; displace-ment.

Infant Hygiene.—Ca-ro of the new-born.

TTI. B.H.M.S. Course

Obstetrics.—Pregnancy-abnormal pregnancy, abor-tions, molar pregnancy, extra-uterine pregnancy diseaseof placenta and membrane;, toxaemia of pregnancy.Antepartum haemorrhage. Disorders-of genital tractretroversion, pvoplapse, tumours etc. Multiple pregnan-cies. Protracted gestation. Common disorders associa-ted with pregnancy, labour, abnormal presentationand position, twins, prolapse of the cord and limbs.Abnormalities in the action of the uterus. Abnormalconditions of the sofe parts. Contracted pelvis.Obstructed labour. Complications of the third stage oflabour. Injuries of birth canal. Common obstetricaloperation. Pucpcrium, abnormal puerperium. Infec-tion, Other common disorders

Gynaecology—Inflammation. ulceraticn and trau-matic Jesions of the female genital organs. Newgrowth, common gynaecological opeiatiors and radio-therapy.

Infant Hygiene.—Breast feeding—artificial feeding.Management of prematurity, asphyxia, birth injuriesand common disorders of the new-born.

Note :

1, Uiroughout 1he wholo period oi" the study theattention of the student should be directed by the

teachers of this subject to the importance of its pre-ventive aspects.

2, Instructions in this branch e r medicine should bedirected to the attainment of sufficient knowledge toensure, familiarity wilh the common conditions, theirrecognition and treatment,

3, Every student shall prepare and subnm 20 com-plete case histories, 10 each in ttu 11 and 111 B.H.M.S.classes respectively.

The written papers in Obstetrics and Gynaecologyshall be distributed as fellow.-; .- —

Paper I.—Obstetrics new boin, infant hygienehomoeopathic therapeutics.

Paper II.—Gynaecology and Homoeopathictherapeutics,

MEDICINE INCLUDING HOMOEOPATHICTHERAl-HUTTCS

Homoeopathy has a distinct approach to disease.It recognises diseases neither by its prominent symp-toms nor by those of uny organ or part of the body.It treats the patient as u whole and the totality ofthe symptoms exhibited by him represents his disease.Merely the name of the condition from which hesuffers most is thus of no significance to a homoeopath.

The basic principles of homoeopathy that it treatsthe patient aud not his disease should be constantlyimpressed in the minds of the students, and it is onlywhen this approach is firmly inculcate I in them thatthey will be true homoeopaths.

Medicine is essentially a practical science and canbe more learnt at the bed-side than in a class room.Care should therefore be taken to impart an intensiveclinical training to the students during the later partof their study in the college.

A. A course of systematic instructions in theprinciples and practice of medicine.

B. During the first three months of the clinicalperiod when the students will not be incharge of beds they will be given instructionson elementary methods of clinical examina-tion including physical ,signs, the use of thecommon instruments like stethoscope,ophthalmoscope, etc.

C, Instruction in Homoeopathic therapeuticsand prescribing.

D, As a matter of convenience, it is suggestedthat instructions may be given in the follow-ing manner during the II, III and TVB.H.M.S. classes in medicine.

II B.H.M.S.

Applied Anatomy and Applied physiology.

Diseases of the respiratory system.

Diseases of the digestive system find peritoneum.

Diseases of matabolism and deficiency diseases.

Diseases of blood, spleen ^jjd lymph glands.

56 TIIC GAZETrri OV INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY [PART III—Sue. 41

Pulmonary tuberculosis.

Diwidcrs cJ L-nOncrinc system.

Applied niaioiia mi diLa/rior.-tu'.'Opatliii; thera-peutics.

IH & IV B.H.M.S.

J.'ifections diseases:

Diseases of the eardio vascular system.

Diseases of llic genito-ui'iuary system.

Diseases of the locomotor system.

Diseases of skin including leprosy.

Psychological medicine.

Tropical diseases.

Diseases of infants and children.,

Applied material mcdica/h.oiTi'~""''">patbii.- thera-peutics.

N'ofc :

1. 'TTuwugbuut t!,j. whole period of the study theattention of the student should be. directed by tlieteachers ol" this subject to the importance ot itspreventive aspects.

2. Instructions in these branches of medicine shouldbe direded to the attainment of sufficient knowledgeto cnMire familiarity with the common conditions,their recognition and treatment.

3. Every student shall prepare and submit 20 com-plete case histories, JO each in JI and IV B.H.M.S,classes.

The written papers in Medicine shall be distributedas follows:—

Paper I :

Infectious diseases, Disorders of endocrine system,diseases of matabolism and deficiency diseases.Diseases ol' the digestive system and perintoneum.Diseases of respiratory system, diseases of blood,spleen and lymph glands and tropical diseases.Homoeopathic Therapeutics,

Paper I I ;

Diseases of Jocomotor system, diseases of cardio-vascular system, diseases of uriuo-genitai system,diseases of children, diseases of nervous system,psychological medicine, common skin diseases,Homoeopathic therapeutics.

HOMOEOPATHIC REPERTORY

Homoeopathic materia medica is an r;iicvclopcui;iof .symptoms. No mind can mcmoiiso all the symp-toms, ol all the drug together with their characteristicgradation. The repertory is an indf11, a catalogue ofthe symptoms of the materia medico, neatly arrangedin a practical form, and also indi'-Mtirni thi. relativegradation of drugs, and it greatly fueiliiates quickselection of the indicated remedy. It is impossible topractice homoeopathy without the aid of repertoriesand the beit repertory is the fullest. Homoeopathicmateria medica and repertory are thus like twins.

It is possible to obtain the needed correspondencebetween drucs and disease conditions in a variety ofways and degrees and there are therefore diflfcrenltypes of repertories, each with its own distinctiveadvantages in finding the similimum.

Case, taking:

Difficulties o!i taking a chronic case. Recording ofcases and usefulness of record keeping.

Totality of symptoms. Prescribing symptoms;uncommon peculiar and characteristic symptoms.General and particular symptoms. Eliminating symp-tomst Analysis of the case uncommon and commonsymptoms. Gradation and evaluation of symptoms.Importance of mental symptoms. Kinds of sources ofgeneral symptoms. Concomitant symptoms.

1. History of repertories.

2. Types of repertories.

3. Demonstration of 3 cases worked on Bochnin-ghausen.

4. Kent's repertory—advanced study with casedemonstration.

5. Boger's Buenninghausen repertory—his contribu-tion to repertory.

6. Card repertory with demonstration of 5 caies,and advantages of Card repertories. Theoreticallectures with demonstrations.

PRACTICAL

Student are to repertories :

(i) 15 short cases on Kent,

(ii) 10 chronic (long cases on Kent),

(iii) 5 cases to be cross checked.

57

PART VI

Examination

FIRST B.H.M.S. EXAMINATION

7. Admission to examination, scheme of examina-tion, etc.—(i) Any undergraduate may be admitted tothe First B.H.M.S. examination provided that he has

regularly attended the following courses of instructionsin the subjects of the examination, theoretical andpractical for not less than one and half years at aHomoeopathic College to the satisfaction of the headof such College.

The Courses of minimum number of lectures,ilemonstrations/practical/clinical classes/seminars etc.in the subjects shall be as shown below : —

Subjects

*lntroduction including

Materia Medical & Homoeopathic PhilosophyAnatomyPhysiology including BiochemistryHomoeopathic Pharmacy

150 1*100 ^

Thoorelical

250 Hrs.

200 Hrs.250 Hrs.

50 Hrs.

Number of lectures/Demonstrations/practical /tutorialclasses.

50 Hrs.

450 Hrs.400 Hrs.100 Hrs.

^Students should be given introductory lectures onhistory of medicine in general with special referenceto the emergence of Homoeopathy, contribution madeby Hahncmann to medicine in general life of Hahne-mann, the history of the development of Homoeopathyin India, various schools of thought in Homoeopathyand their critical eyaluation, comparative study offundamentals of various systems of medicine, introduc-tion of basic medical science like Anatomy, Physiology,Pathology etc. their inter-relationship and relevanceto the clinical subjects, importance of biochemistryand pathology in homoeopathic practice (as an illus-tration, a little exposure to the clinical materials) theoutlines of homoeopathic philosophy, study of man asa whole both in health and disease, introduction tothe philosophy of materia medica and its study withillustration by a few drug-pictures of importancecommonly used drugs, integrated approach towardsthe medical, surgical and gynaecological diseases,acquaintance with pharmacological action of some ofthe commonly used modern drugs so as to give themidea about the introgenic disease caused by thosomodern drugs, an introduction to biostatistics, a briefstudy of logic, psychology and psychiatry, the role ofa physician in the changing society, national healthand fam»ly welfare -needs and programmes of thecountry.

Greater emphasis should be laid on teaching ofHomoeopathic Materia Medica with the help of drugpictures of important drugs and on the HomoeopathicPhilosophy.

The First B.H.M.S. examination shall be held at182 GI/83—8

the end of 18 months of First B.H.M.S. Course.

(ii) The examination shall be written, oral andpractical.

(a) The examination in Homoeopathic pharmacyshall consist of one theoretical paper, onepractical examination and one oral examina-tion.

(b) The examination in anatomy shall consist oftwo theoretical papers, one practical exermi-nation and one oral examination.

(c) The examination in physiology shall consistof two theoretical papers, one practicalexamination and one oral examination.

(d) The examination in Materia Medica andHomoeopathic Philosophy shall consist ofone theoretical paper and one oral exami-nation.

Three hours shall be allowed for each theoreticalpaper in each subject.

(iii) A candidate securing 75% or above marks inany of the subjects shall be declared to receive honoursin that subject provided he has passed the examina-tion in the first attempt.

(iv) In order to pass the first B.H.M.S. Examinationa. candidate must pass in all subjects of the examina-tion.

(v) Pass marks m all subjects both homoeopathicand allied medical subjects shall be 50% in eachpart (written, oral and practical).

(vi) Full marks for each subject and the minimumnumber of marks required for passing arc asfollows:—

58 THE GAZETTE OV INDIA ; EXTRAORDINARY [PART III—SEC. 4]

Subjects

PharmacyAnatomyPhysiology & BiochemistryMateria Medical & Homoeopathic Philosophy

(20 Polychrest drugs will be expected fromAppendix I. In Organon Aphorism 1—145)

Written

FullMarks

100200200100

PassMarks.

5010010050

Oral

FullMarks

5010010050

PassMarks

25505025

Practical

FullMarks

50JOO100

PassMarks

255050

Total

FuHMarks

200400400200

PassMarks

100200200100

SECOND B.H.M.S. EXAMINATION

8. (i) No candidate shall be admitted to theII B.H.M.S. examination unless :—

(a) He has passed the First B.H.M.S, examina-tion at least one year previously; and

(b) has regularly attended the following coursesof instructions, theoretical and practical in

the subjects of tho examination over aperiod of at least one year in a recognisedHomoeopathic College subsequent to hispassing the First B.H.M.S. examination tothe satisfaction of the head of the College.

(ii) Courses of the minimum number of lectures,demonstrations and practical/clinical classes m thesubjects shall be shown as below :—

(in) The Second B.H.M.S. Examination shall beheld at the end of 2 i years of B.H.M.S. Course.

<iv) The examination shall be written, oral, practicaland/or clinical as provided hereinafter, three- hoursbeing allowed for each paper.

(v) The examination in pathology, bacteriologyand parasitology shall consist of one theoretical paper,one practical examination and one oral examinationincluding questions of microscope and microscopicspecimens.

(vi) The examination in social and preventivemedicine including health education and family medi-cine shall consist of one theoretical paper, one oralexamination and one spotting and identification ofspecimens.

(vii) The examination in forensic medicine andtoxicology shall consist of one theoretical paper oneoral examination and one identification and spott-ing of specimens.

Subjects Theoretical

Pathology, bacteriology and parasitology 1 5 Q

Forensic medicine & Toxicology 50^u « 4 •» . f 1 * • / " i l l -i "rijT 1 ' - l i t ••Social and preventive medicine (including health education and family medicine) 150Materia Medica $QOrganon and Homoeopathic Philosophy 125

Practical/clinical/tutorial classes

5020

too70

inn

(viii) The examination in Homoeopathic MateriaMedica shall consist of one theoretical paper, onepractical and one oral examination.

(hi) The examination in organon shall consist ofone theoretical paper, one oral and practical examina-tion.

(x) Th« candidate securing 75 per cent or abovemarks in any of the subjects shall bo declared toreceive honours in that subject provided IK linspassed the examination in the first attempt.

(xi) In order to pass the Second B.H.M.S. examina-tion, a candidate shall have passed in all subjects crthe examination.

(xii) Pass marks in all subjects, Homoeopathic andallied medical subjects shall be 50% in each part(written, oral and practical).

(xiii) Full marks for such subjects and the mini-mum number of marks required for passing are asfollows:—

Subject

PathologyForensic Medicine & ToxicologySocial and Preventive Medicine (including

education and family medicine)Materia MedicaOrganon & Homoeopathic Philosophy

Written

FullMarks

100100100

100100

PassMarks

505050

5050

Oral

FullMarks

505050

5050

PassMarks

252525

2525

Practical

FullMarks

505050

5050

PassMarks

252525

2525

FullMarks

200200200

200200

Total

PassMarks

100100100

100100

59

THIRD B.H.M.S. EXAMINATION

9. (i) No candidate shall be admitted to the ThirdB.H.M.S. examination unless :

(a) he has passed the Second B.H.M.S. exami-nation at least pn& year previously; and


the subjects of examination over a periodof at least two years in a. HomoeopathicCollege subsequent to his passing the FirstB.H.M.S'. examination to the satisfaction ofthe head of the College.

(ii) The Courses of minimum number of lectures,demonstrations and practical/clinical classes in thesubjects shall be as shown below :—

i

1.

2.

3.

4.

Subjects

Surgery, including E.N.T., Bye, Dental and Homoeopathic Therapeutics

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, infant hygiene and Homooo. therapeutics

Materia Medica

Organon of Philosophy

1 hcoietical

200(iii two years)

200(in two years)

200(in two years)250(in two years)

Practical/clinical/tutorialclasses

150^-Two terms of 3months each in sur-gical ward & OPD.

150—Two terms of 3~mon-ths homoeopathictherapeutics eachia Obs. and Oyn.ward and OPD.

75

100

(iii) The Third B.H.M.S. examination shall be heldat the end of 31 years of B.H.M.S. course.

(iv) The examination shall be written, oral,practical and/or clinical as provided hereinafter, threehours being allowed for each paper.

(v) The examination in surgery shall consist oftwo theoretical paper?;, one oral examination and oneclinical examination not less than one hour beingallowed to each candidate for the examination of andreport on his cases with special reference to thescope of Homoeopathic therapeutics vis-a-vis thenecessity of surgical treatment in the particular case.

(vi) A practical examination in which questions onthe use of surgical instruments and other appliancesshall form special pait.

(vii) The examination in obstetrics, gynaecologyand infant hygiene including diseases of new-bornshall consist of two theoretical papers, one oralexamination including questions on pathologicalspecimens, models and X-ray films including questidnon instruments and appliances and one clinical exami-nation of not less than one hour being allowed tothe candidate for the examination and report on hiscases (one obstetric and gynaecological case) withspecial reference to both nosologicaf and therapeuticdiagnosis from Homoeopathic point of view.

(viii) The examination in Materia Medica shall con-sist of one theoretical paper, one oral examination andone bedside practical examination of 2 short casesnot less than half an hour being allowed for exami-nations of and report on each case.

(ix) The examination in organon shall consist oftwo theoretical papers, one oral examination and onebed-side practical examination of one long case inthe application of the tenets of the organon in casetaking evaluation of symptoms and guidelines oftreatment not less than 2 hours being allowed forexaminations of an report of each case.

(AJ) A candidate securing 75 pei1 cent or abovemarks in any of the subjects shall be declared toreceive honours in that subject provided he haspassed the examination in first attempt.

(xi) In order to pass Third B.H.M.S. examinationa candidate shall have passed in all subjects of theexamination.

(xii) Pass marks in all subjects both homoeopathicand allied medical subjects shall be 50% in - eachpart (written, oral and practical).

(xiii) Full marks for each subject and minimumnumber of marks required for passing arc asfollows :—

Subject

SurgeryObstetric & GynaecologyOrganon and Homoeopathic PhilosophyJS-ateria Medica

Written

FullMarks

200200200100

PassMarks

10010010050

Oral

FullMarks

100100100100

PassMarks

50505050

Practical

FullMarks

100100100100

PassMarks

50505050

Total

FullMarks

400400400300

PassMarks

200200200150

60 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART III—SEC 4]

FOURTH B.H.M.S. EXAMINATION

JO. (i) No candidate shall be admitted to theFourth B.H.M.S. examination unless :—

(a) he has passed the Third B.H.M.S. exami-nation at least one year previously; and


the subject of the examination over a periodof at least three years in a recognisedHomoeopathic College subsequent to hispassing the First B.H.M.S. examination tothe satisfaction of the head of the College.

(ii) Courses of the minimum number of lectures,demonstrations and practical/clinical classes in thesubjects shall be as shown below :—

1.

2

3.

Subjects

Practice of medicine

Children diseasesMental diseases andSkin diseasesincluding homoeopathictherapeuticsHomoeopathic MaleriuMcdicaRepertory

Theoretical

250(iu 3 yrs.)

404020

200(in one yr.)

100(in 3 yrs.)

Practical/clinical/tutorialclasses

400 (3 terms of 3 months eachin homoeopathic ward& OPD including child-ren mental and skin,diseases deptts.)

125

150

(iii) The Fourth B.H.M.S1. examination shall beheld at the end of 4* years of B.H.M.S. Course.

(iv> The examination shall be written, oral, practicalor clinical as provided hereinafter, three hours beingallowed for each paper.

(v) The examination in medicine, (includingchildren, mental and skin) shall consist of two papers,one oral examination and one bed-side practicalexamination in case taking of two short cases with aview to determining both nosological and therapeuticdiagnosis from the Homoeopathic point of view. Timeallotted shall be half an hour for each case.

(vi) The examination in Materia Medica shallconsist of two theoretical papers, one oral examinationand one bed-side practical examination, not less thantwo hours being allowed for examination and reporton his case.

(vii) The examination in Repertory shall consist ofone theoretical paper, on© oral examination and onepractical examination in two cases of repertorial work.Time allotted shall be half an hour for each case.

(viii) A candidate securing 75 per cent or abovemarks in any of the subjects shall be declared to re-ceive honours in that subject provided he has passedthe examination in first attempt.

(ix) In order to pass Third B.H.M.S. examinationa candidate shall have passed in all subjects of theexamination.

(x) Pass marks in all subjects, both homoeopathicand allied medical subjects shall be 50 per cent in eachsubject,

(xi) Full marks for each subject and minimum num-ber of marks required, for passing are as follows :—

Subject

MedicineHomoeopathic Materia MedicaRepertory

Written

FullMarks

200200100

PassMarks

10010050

Oral

FullMarks

10010050

PassMarks

505025

Practical

FullMarks

10010050

PassMarks

505025

Total

FullMarks

400400200

PassMarks

200200100

11. Results and readmission to examination.—(i)Every candidate for admission to an examination shall21 days before the date fixed for the commencement ofthe examination send to the authority concerned hisapplication in the prescribed form alongwith theexamination fee.

(ii) As soon as possible after the examination theexamining body shall publish a list of successful candi-dates arranged in the following manner :—

(w) the names and roll numbers of the first tencandidates in order of merit, and

(b) the roll numbers of others arranged serially.

(iii) Every candidate on passing shall receive acertificate in the form prescribed by the examiningbody concerned.

(iv) A candidate who appears at the examinationbut fails to pass in a subject or subjects may be admit-ted to a supplementary examination in the subjector subjects of that part of the examination in whichhe has failed after six weeks from the publication ofresult of the first examination on payment of the prcs-

61

cribed fee alongwith an application in the prescribedform.

(v) H a candidate obtains pass marks in the subjector subjects at the supplementary examination he shallbe declared to have passed at the examination as awhole.

(vi) If such a candidate fails to pass in the subjector subjects at the supplementary examination he mayappear in that subject or subjects again at the nextannual examination on production of a certificate (inaddition to the certificate required under the regula-tions) to the effect that he had attended, to the satis-faction of the Principal, a further course of study dur-ing the next academic year in the subject or subjectsin which he had failed, provided that all the parts ofthe examination shall be completed within four chances(including the supplementary one) from the date whenthe complete examination came into force for the firsttime.

(vii) If a candidate fails to pass in all the subjectswithin the prescribed fonr chances, he shall be requiredto prosecute a further course of study in all the sub-jects and in all parts for one year to the satisfactionof the head of the college and appear for examinationin all the subjects.

Provided that if a student appearing for the TVB.H.M.S. examination has only one subject to pass atthe end of prescribed chances, he shall be allowed toappear at the next examination in that particularsubject and shall complete the examination with thisspecial chance.

(viii) All examinations shall ordinarily be held onsuch dates, time and places as the examining body maydetermine.

(ixi) The examining body may, under exceptionalcircumstances, partially or wholly cancel any exami-nation conducted by it under intimation to the CentralCouncil of Homoeopathy and arrange for conductingre-examination in those subjects within a period ofthirty days from the date of such cancellation.

12. Examiners.—(i) No person other than thefolder of a Diploma obtained after 4 years of study ora Degree in Hompeopathy or a person possessingqualification included in the Third Schedule shall beappointed as an internal or external examiner or paper-setter for the conduct of a professional examination forthe B.H.M.S. (Degree) any course.

Provided that—

(a) no such .person shall b e appointed as aninternal examiner unless ho has at least threeyears' teaching experience in the subject;

(b) no jperson below the rank of Reader/Assis-tant Professor in the subject of a Degree levelinstitution shall be appointed as an internalexaminer;

(c) no person shall be appointed as an externalexaminer in any allied medical subject unless

182IGI/83—9

he possesses a recognised medical qualifica-tion as required for appointment to a relativeteaching post in accordance with Annexure B,of the Homoeopathy (Minimum standard ofEducation) Regulation, 1983 ;

(d) external examiners shall be appointed only' from the teaching staff of recognised Homoeo-

pathic College- and Colleges of ModernMedicine;

(e) not more than one-third of the total numberof external examiners shall be from amongstpractitioners in Homoeopathy or ModernMedicine who, in the opinion of the examin-ing body are practitioners of repute and' whohave obtained a Homoeopathic qualificationor a medical qualification recognised underthe Indian Medical Council Act, 1956;

(f) persons in Government employment may alsobe considered for appointment as externalexaminers provided they possess a medicalqualification as specified in sub-regulation (e)above;

(g) a paper-setter may be appointed as an inter-nal or external examiner.

(ii) The examining body may appoint a singlemoderator or moderators not exceeding three in num-ber for the purpose of moderating question papers.

(iii) Oral and practical examinations shall as a rulebe conducted by the respective internal and externalexaminers with mutual co-operation. They shall eachhave 50 per cent of the maximum marks out of whichthey shall allot marks to the candidates appearing atthe examination according to their performance andthe marks-sheet so prepared shall be signed by boththe examiners.. Either of the examiners shall have theright to prepare sign and send mark-sheets separatelyto the examining body together with his comments. Theexamining body shall take due note of such commeutsbut it shall declare results on the basis of the marks-sheets.

(iv) Every Homoeopathic College shall provide allfacilities to the internal and external examiners forthe conduct of examinations, and the internal exami-ners shall make all preparations for holding the exami-nations.

(v) The external examiner shall have the right tocommunicate to the examining ,body his views andobservations about any shortcomings or deficiencies inthe facilities provided by the Homoeopathic College.

(vi) He shall also submit a cogy of his communi-cation to the Central Council for such action as theCentral Council may consider fit.

Dr. P. L. VERMA, Secy.Central Council of Homoeopathy.

HUNTED BY THE MANAGER, QOvT. OF INDIA PRESS, RING ROAD, NEW DELHI-110064AND PUBLISHED BY THE CONT" T C"

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