The FranksThe FranksCh. 18Ch. 18

Should All Americans Practice Should All Americans Practice The Same Religion???The Same Religion???

Advantages-Advantages-

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Issues-Issues- Refusing medical careRefusing medical care PolygamyPolygamy etcetc

Afghan Man Prosecuted for Converting 24 minutes ago

An Afghan man who allegedly converted from Islam to Christianity is being prosecuted in a Kabul court and could be sentenced to death, a judge said Sunday.

The defendant, Abdul Rahman, was arrested last month after his family went to the police and accused him of becoming a Christian, Judge Ansarullah Mawlavezada told

Associated Press in an interview. Such a conversion would violate the country's Islamic laws.

Rahman, who is believed to be 41, was charged with rejecting Islam when his trial started last week, the judge said.

During the hearing, the defendant allegedly confessed that he converted from Islam to Christianity 16 years ago when he was 25 and working as a medical aid worker for

Afghan refugees in neighboring Pakistan, Mawlavezada said. Afghanistan's constitution is based on Shariah law, which states that any Muslim who

rejects their religion should be sentenced to death. "We are not against any particular religion in the world. But in Afghanistan, this sort of thing is against the law," the judge said. "It is an attack on Islam. ... The prosecutor is

asking for the death penalty." The prosecutor, Abdul Wasi, said the case was the first of its kind in Afghanistan.

He said that he had offered to drop the charges if Rahman changed his religion back to Islam, but the defendant refused.

Mawlavezada said he would rule on the case within two months. Afghanistan is a deeply conservative society and 99 percent of its 28 million people are

Muslim. The rest are mainly Hindus.

I. King ClovisI. King Clovis

Dark Ages Dark Ages

FranksFranks 481, Clovis becomes king of the Franks481, Clovis becomes king of the Franks Conversion to ChristianityConversion to Christianity

Married a Christian, ClotildaMarried a Christian, Clotilda

Why was he skeptical of ChristianityWhy was he skeptical of Christianity Look at what happened to RomeLook at what happened to Rome First son died after BaptismFirst son died after Baptism

Went to battle and prayed to Christian God….Won!Went to battle and prayed to Christian God….Won!

Converts to ChristianityConverts to Christianity

"Jesus Christ, whom Clotilda asserts to be the son of the "Jesus Christ, whom Clotilda asserts to be the son of the 1iving God, who art said to give aid to those in distress, 1iving God, who art said to give aid to those in distress, and to bestow victory on those who hope in thee, I and to bestow victory on those who hope in thee, I beseech the glory of thy aid, with the vow that if thou wilt beseech the glory of thy aid, with the vow that if thou wilt grant me victory over these enemies, and I shall know grant me victory over these enemies, and I shall know that power which she says that people dedicated in thy that power which she says that people dedicated in thy name have had from thee, I will believe in thee and be name have had from thee, I will believe in thee and be baptized in thy name. For I have invoked my own gods baptized in thy name. For I have invoked my own gods but, as I find, they have withdrawn from aiding me; and but, as I find, they have withdrawn from aiding me; and therefore I believe that they possess no power, since therefore I believe that they possess no power, since they do not help those who obey them. I now call upon they do not help those who obey them. I now call upon thee, I desire to believe thee only let me be rescued from thee, I desire to believe thee only let me be rescued from my adversaries." my adversaries."

Why was this importantWhy was this important Enabled Christianity to surviveEnabled Christianity to survive Helped to unite the Germans/ RomansHelped to unite the Germans/ Romans Brought peace and stabilityBrought peace and stability

Priests served in Clovis’ courtPriests served in Clovis’ court

Latin the official language Latin the official language

Dies in 511 ADDies in 511 AD

Why has religion been a source Why has religion been a source of war?of war?

II. Charles MartelII. Charles MartelClovis dies, many rulers were weakClovis dies, many rulers were weak

Charles Martel emergesCharles Martel emerges Illegitimate son of Pepin, Mayor of PalaceIllegitimate son of Pepin, Mayor of Palace Becomes Mayor of the Palace and reunites Becomes Mayor of the Palace and reunites

FranksFranks Leads Franks in one of the most important Leads Franks in one of the most important

Battles in European history..Battles in European history..Battle of Tours(Poitters) 732AD

Europe saved from Muslim invadersEurope saved from Muslim invaders

What if Martel would have lost???????What if Martel would have lost???????

Battle of ToursBattle of Tours

As the battle progressed, the Franks began to As the battle progressed, the Franks began to waver…. Behind their coats of mail, and their waver…. Behind their coats of mail, and their pointed helmets, their horses clothed in chain mail, pointed helmets, their horses clothed in chain mail, the Arabs were almost impregnable. They were on the Arabs were almost impregnable. They were on the verge of victory when the Franks fought their the verge of victory when the Franks fought their way toward the treasure carts. Instead of fighting in way toward the treasure carts. Instead of fighting in column, the Arabs flew in defense of the treasure, column, the Arabs flew in defense of the treasure, and panicked when they saw the carts being driven and panicked when they saw the carts being driven away by the enemies. Abd-ar-Rahman ordered his away by the enemies. Abd-ar-Rahman ordered his troops back in line, but it was too late. A lance killed troops back in line, but it was too late. A lance killed him. Then, while the armies were still fighting him. Then, while the armies were still fighting confusedly, night fell. Both armies retried to lick confusedly, night fell. Both armies retried to lick their wounds. (Payne, 142-143)their wounds. (Payne, 142-143)

AssignmentAssignment

You are to write a letter from Charles You are to write a letter from Charles Martel to Pope Gregory letting him know Martel to Pope Gregory letting him know the outcome of the Battle of Toursthe outcome of the Battle of Tours

Include in your letterInclude in your letter Dear PopeDear Pope Minimum one paragraph letter describing the Minimum one paragraph letter describing the

battle(be creative and descriptive) and also its battle(be creative and descriptive) and also its importance.importance.

Signed, Charles MartelSigned, Charles Martel

Dear Pope Gregory,Dear Pope Gregory, I am writing to let you know of our glorious I am writing to let you know of our glorious

victory over the enemies of Christianity, the victory over the enemies of Christianity, the Muslims. The battle was very long and difficult Muslims. The battle was very long and difficult but our soldiers fought gallantly in the name of but our soldiers fought gallantly in the name of Christianity. Many died, but they died fighting Christianity. Many died, but they died fighting for our lord and savior, Jesus Christ. The for our lord and savior, Jesus Christ. The leader of the Muslims, Abdur Rahman, was leader of the Muslims, Abdur Rahman, was killed during the battle and we were unable to killed during the battle and we were unable to capture him. Christianity is now safe. We look capture him. Christianity is now safe. We look forward to our triumphant return to Rome. forward to our triumphant return to Rome.

In the name of Christianity,In the name of Christianity, Charles MartelCharles Martel

III.III. CharlemagneCharlemagneBy the sword and cross, Charlemagne became By the sword and cross, Charlemagne became

ruler of Europeruler of Europe

Inherited throne after Carolman diesInherited throne after Carolman diesGoals- Church and government linkedGoals- Church and government linked Unite western EuropeUnite western Europe Convert people to ChristianityConvert people to Christianity

GovernmentGovernment Counts govern over counties, 350 of themCounts govern over counties, 350 of them Missi Dominici- inspected the countsMissi Dominici- inspected the counts Crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope at Crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope at

Christmas Mass, 800 ADChristmas Mass, 800 AD

Carolginian RenaissanceCarolginian Renaissance Encouraged schoolsEncouraged schools

ReligionReligionLatinLatinArithmeticArithmeticLiteratureLiterature

Had scholars copy manuscripts so books Had scholars copy manuscripts so books more availablemore available

Replaced trial by ordeals with a jury trialsReplaced trial by ordeals with a jury trials Taught peasants better farmingTaught peasants better farming Encouraged tradeEncouraged trade