The Foreign Policy of Modern Japan by Robert A. Scalapino; Policymaking in ContemporaryJapan by T. J. PempelReview by: Donald S. ZagoriaForeign Affairs, Vol. 56, No. 2 (Jan., 1978), pp. 460-461Published by: Council on Foreign RelationsStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20039901 .

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460 FOREIGN AFFAIRS

important contribution to the literature on Sino-Soviet relations. It is not a book about China but about what Soviet leaders think about China and what sort of impact their thinking may have on Soviet global policies. Rothenberg, a former Soviet specialist in the State Department, makes two important points: that the China factor looms much larger in Soviet thinking than is generally realized, and that the Soviet view of China is by no means static. There is a good introduction by Mose Harvey.

CHINA DIARY: CRISIS DIPLOMACY IN DAIREN. By Paul Paddock. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1977, 274 pp. $7.50.

A first-hand and often exciting account of the fate of the U.S. consulate in Dairen at the end of World War II, caught between the Soviet and the Communist Chinese machinations in Manchuria and eventually cut off.

Scholars, however, will look in vain for any new light on U.S.-Chinese-Soviet relations in Manchuria at the time.

DE-RECOGNIZING TAIWAN. By Victor H. Li. Washington and New York:

Carnegie Endowment, 1977, 41 pp. $1.50 (Paper). A timely investigation of the legal problems that would result from the

withdrawal of U.S. recognition of Taiwan and the formal recognition of the

People's Republic instead. Li argues that a legal framework can be constructed for continuing to deal with Taiwan as a de facto government without de jure recognition.

THE FUTURE OF THE KOREAN PENINSULA. Edited by Young C. Kim and Abraham M. Halpern. New York: Praeger, 1977, 193 pp.

A useful collection of essays with a particularly thoughtful introduction and conclusion by Abraham Halpern. On two key questions, how much legitimacy Park's authority enjoys in the eyes of the public and what are the sources of

disaffection, Halpern's answers are that no aspiring opposition as yet has as much support as the Park regime and that the ultimate source of disaffection is the profound change in the social structure resulting from economic growth and industrialization.

APPENDICES TO THE REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON THE ORGA NIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE CONDUCT OF FOREIGN POLICY: VOL. VII. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977, 186

pp. $4.60 (Paper). Of particular interest in this portion of the Murphy Commission Report are

the analysis and recommendations of Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph, two political scientists from the University of Chicago. The analysis is of U.S. policy in South Asia during the Johnson and Nixon Administrations; the recommenda tions have implications that go far beyond this period. The Rudolphs contend that substantive knowledge of areas and the power to make decisions are too far apart in the U.S. government. They would eliminate all nine of the functional bureaus in the State Department, and create an Assistant Secretary

Policy Planning Council, composed of the assistant secretaries of the geographic bureaus, mandated to manage policies in ways that take account of differing

regional perspectives. The NSC should be limited to narrowly defined military and intelligence agendas (as was originally intended) and a leaner State

Department would then have primacy in formulating and conducting foreign

policy. The Rudolphs offer many other useful suggestions for coping with the

general pathology associated with presidential secrecy.

THE FOREIGN POLICY OF MODERN JAPAN. Edited by Robert A. Scala

pino. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977,445 pp. $21.50 (Paper, $5.45). POLICYMAKING IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN. Edited by T. J. Pempel. Ithaca (N.Y.): Cornell University Press, 1977, 345 pp.

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RECENT BOOKS 461

Both volumes explore in considerable detail the background of the Japanese foreign policymaking process. Of many excellent essays in both volumes, two

exceptionally striking contributions in the Scalapino volume are by Masataka Kosaka and by Scalapino himself. Kosaka probes the roots and contradictions of Japan's defensive and nationalistic foreign economic policy, and Scalapino concludes that Japan "may find no sweeping alternatives to its present policies that would offer better opportunities."

MURDER OF A GENTLE LAND. By John Barron and Anthony Paul. New York: Reader's Digest Press, 1977, 240 pp. (New York: T. Y. Crowell, distribu

tor, $9.95). Based on interviews with nearly 300 Cambodian refugees, this account

describes in chilling detail the murder of Cambodia by the Khmer Rouge. It concludes that more than 1,200,000 men, women and children died as a

consequence of the actions taken by the Communists after they assumed power in April, 1975. Cambodia today is a land without universities, without cities,

commerce, art, music, literature, science or hope. And, as one young refugee

said, "There is no love anywhere."

Africa

Jennifer Seymour Whitaker

ANTI-APARTHEID: TRANSNATIONAL CONFLICT AND WESTERN POLICY IN THE LIBERATION OF SOUTH AFRICA. By George W. Shepherd, Jr. Westport (Conn.): Greenwood Press, 1977, 246 pp. $15.95.

This highly knowledgeable survey of the evolution of the Western anti

apartheid movement contrasts the activism of non-governmental organizations with the foot-dragging of Western governments

? particularly on the U.N.

arms embargo. Shepherd, however, overextends the pessimism implicit in his material when he dismisses the possibility

? and even the potential significance ?

of effective Western governmental action against apartheid.

THE BLACK HOMELANDS OF SOUTH AFRICA: THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF BOPHUTHATSWANA AND KWA ZULU. By Jeffrey Butler, Robert I. Rotberg and John Adams. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977, 260 pp. $12.50.

Striving visibly for objectivity, this study considers the possible contributions of the homelands to the achievement of evolutionary change in South Africa, while at the same time thoroughly documenting the vast physical and political constraints on homelands development; in the conclusion, the determined

balancing becomes a sometimes bewildering dialectic between future possibilities and present realities. An extremely useful source.

THE PITY OF IT ALL: POLARISATION OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC RELATIONS. By Leo Kuper. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977, 302 pp. $17.50.

In this study of ethnic conflict and genocidal violence in Algeria, Burundi, Rwanda and Zanzibar, a noted sociologist seeks the common elements in their varied patterns. Most interesting are the parallels he draws between the

struggles of dominant and subordinate racial groups in colonial Algeria and those in contemporary South Africa.

SOUTH AFRICA'S STRATEGIC MINERALS: PIECES ON A CONTINEN TAL CHESSBOARD. By W. C. J. van Rensburg and D. A. Pretorius. Pretoria:

Foreign Affairs Association, 1977, 156 pp. $13.76. This glossy semi-official review of South Africa's minerals position reiterates

its main theme from a number of ingeniously differentiated angles: South

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