the following types of muscle tissue and nervous tissue are covered in this activity: 1.skeletal...

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The following types of muscle tissue and nervous tissue are covered in this activity: 1. Skeletal muscle (muscles attached to the skeleton) 2. Smooth muscle (muscles lining hollow organs) 3. Cardiac muscle (heart) 4. Nervous tissue (nervous system)

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The following types of muscle tissue and nervous tissue are covered in this activity:

1. Skeletal muscle (muscles attached to the skeleton)

2. Smooth muscle (muscles lining hollow organs)

3. Cardiac muscle (heart)

4. Nervous tissue (nervous system)

Various membranes are also covered:

1. Cutaneous membranes

2. Mucous membranes

3. Serous membranes (parietal and visceral layers)

a. Peritoneum – abdominal organs

b. Pericardium – heart

c. Pleura – lungs

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.10a Muscle tissues.

(a) Skeletal muscle

Description: Long, cylindrical,multinucleate cells; obviousstriations.

Function: Voluntary movement;locomotion; manipulation of theenvironment; facial expression;voluntary control.

Location: In skeletal musclesattached to bones oroccasionally to skin.

Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (approx. 460x).Notice the obvious banding pattern and thefact that these large cells are multinucleate.

Nuclei

Striations

Part ofmuscle fiber (cell)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.10b Muscle tissues.

(b) Cardiac muscle

Description: Branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate atspecialized junctions (intercalated discs).

Function: As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control.Location: The walls of the heart.

Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (500X);notice the striations, branching of cells, andthe intercalated discs.

Intercalateddiscs

Striations

Nucleus

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

(c) Smooth muscle

Description: Spindle-shapedcells with central nuclei; nostriations; cells arranged closely to form sheets.

Function: Propels substancesor objects (foodstuffs, urine,a baby) along internal passage-ways; involuntary control.

Location: Mostly in the wallsof hollow organs.

Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth muscle (200x).

Smoothmusclecell

Nuclei

Figure 4.10c Muscle tissues.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.9 Nervous tissue.

Photomicrograph: Neurons (350x)

Function: Transmit electricalsignals from sensory receptorsand to effectors (muscles andglands) which control their activity.

Location: Brain, spinalcord, and nerves.

Description: Neurons arebranching cells; cell processesthat may be quite long extend fromthe nucleus-containing cell body;also contributing to nervous tissueare nonirritable supporting cells(not illustrated).

Dendrites

Neuron processes Cell body

Axon

Nuclei ofsupportingcells

Cell bodyof a neuron

Neuronprocesses

Nervous tissue

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.11 Classes of membranes.

Cutaneous membrane

(skin

Mucosa of nasalcavity

Mucosa of lungbronchi

Mucosa of mouth

Esophagus lining

Parietal pericardium

Visceral pericardium

(a) Cutaneous membrane (the skin) covers the body surface.

(b) Mucous membranes line body cavities open to the exterior.

(c) Serous membranes line body cavities closed to the exterior.

Parietalperitoneum

Visceralperitoneum

Parietal pleura

Visceral pleura

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.11a Classes of membranes.

Cutaneousmembrane(skin)

(a) Cutaneous membrane (the skin)covers the body surface

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.11b Classes of membranes.

Mucosa ofnasal cavity

Mucosa oflung bronchi

Mucosa ofmouthEsophaguslining

(b) Mucous membranes line body cavitiesopen to the exterior

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.11c Classes of membranes.

Parietalpericardium

Visceralpericardium

(c) Serous membranes line body cavitiesclosed to the exterior

ParietalperitoneumVisceralperitoneum

ParietalpleuraVisceralpleura

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Skeletal muscle

muscles attached to the skeleton

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Smooth muscle

muscles lining hollow organs

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Cardiac muscle

heart

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Nervous tissue

nervous system

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.11a Classes of membranes.

Membrane covers the body surface

Cutaneousmembrane(skin)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.11b Classes of membranes.

Membranes line body cavitiesopen to the exterior

Mucosa ofnasal cavity

Mucosa oflung bronchi

Mucosa ofmouthEsophaguslining

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.11c Classes of membranes.

Membranes line body cavitiesclosed to the exterior

Parietalpericardium

Visceralpericardium

ParietalperitoneumVisceralperitoneum

ParietalpleuraVisceralpleura