the first t - file · web viewwould there be as revolutionary a change in the social and...

Name: ____________________________AP World History 101Era 1 – Foundations (to 600 B.C.E)

KEY CONCEPT 1.2: THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION & EARLY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIESStandard – 1.2

4.0 3.5 Less than 3.0

60– 53 Points

52 -45 points

44 points or less

Filling out Notes in Note packet _____/ 12 pointsScore on test SAQ #1 _____/ 24 PointsSAQ #2 _____/24 Points Website Question _____/8 points

Go to APWorldipedia Key Concept 1.2 - http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=Key_Concept_1.2_The_Neolithic_Revolution_and_Early_Agricultural_Societies

Paleolithic man made one of the most important discoveries that humans have ever made: that every plant has the ability to reproduce itself. When the function of the seed was learned, humans became farmers. This sounds relatively simple, but not until the Industrial Revolution would there be as revolutionary a change in the social and economic organization of human beings. This transition from hunters and gatherers to farmers is called the Neolithic Revolution, and it made civilization itself possible.

- Read the following sections and take notes – We will be using THIEVES Notes The first two one paragraphs under - Key Concept 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies

1. Turn the title/heading into a question

2. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

3. Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

http://historyhaven.com/APWorldipedia/index.php?title=Key_Concept_5.1_Industrialization_and_Global_Capitalism

http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=Key_Concept_1.2_The_Neolithic_Revolution_and_Early_Agricultural_Societies


Watch the video - Mankind: The Story of All of Us: Birth of Farming | History - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhzQFIZuNFY

Go back to Go to APWorldipedia Key Concept 1.2 - http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=Key_Concept_1.2_The_Neolithic_Revolution_and_Early_Agricultural_Societies

- Scroll down to:I. About 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution led to the development of new and more

complex economic and social systems.

A.Thousands of years ago, drought came to the Middle East. The large animals hunters depended on died out or migrated, forcing some people to settle down wherever they found a secure source of water. The nomadic way of life ended and human beings became farmers. The practice of agriculture transformed the social and economic characteristics of human societies. It also changed the nature of the crops that were farmed.

Agriculture seems to have been discovered independently at several locations in the world (see map), then diffused to different areas. It is important to note that not everyone adopted agriculture. Some societies remained hunter-gatherers and others remained pastoral.

Take notes on the following parts:

A.1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information



Take notes on the following video about the ancient dwellings and the first farmers (this will be the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution) Guns, Germs and Steel Part 3 of 18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hxHZPdH690

How did the first farming begin?

What advantages did they have over hunters and gatherers?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hxHZPdH690



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhzQFIZuNFY

Where did farming develop in the ancient world?

Visual Image #1 - A Neolithic settlement in northern Scotland.

A neolithic settlement in northern Scotland. When people learned to farm, they built permanent dwellingsOverview Look at the entire visual image- write 2-3 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big picture,”

and not a small detail in part of the image.

Parts Focus on the parts of the visual (read labels, look for symbols, study the details). Write 2-3 details about what the individual parts/symbols mean or represent?

Title Write the title and 2-3 details about what the title tells you about the image.

I learned that Name 2-3 major ideas or concepts that you learned from this image

Context Use the clues in the visual image to establish when the document was created. Provide 2-3 examples that show this (if the year is listed that counts as one).

http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=File:Neolithic1.jpg

Visual Image #2 – Map- Agriculture was discovered independently at many different locations in the world.

Agriculture was discovered independently at many different locations in the world. It then diffused into other areas as the

practice was learned and adopted by others.Overview Look at the entire visual image- write 2-3 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big

picture,” and not a small detail in part of the image.



I learned that Name 2-3 major ideas or concepts that you learned from this map


Go back to Go to APWorldipedia Key Concept 1.2 - http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=Key_Concept_1.2_The_Neolithic_Revolution_and_Early_Agricultural_Societies

- Scroll down to:I. About 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution led to the development of new and more

complex economic and social systems.

B. Pastoral nomads were somewhat of a transitional group between hunter-gatherers and neolithic farmers. They depended on herds of animals which they kept and followed, a lifestyle known as Pastoralism. Because their migrations were connected to the needs of animal herds, pastoral nomads moved in patterns based on climate. Agriculture was probably discovered by pastoral nomads who, upon returning to a location from the previous year, found that spilled seeds they had gathered germinated into crops. Africa, Europe and Asia all had people who practiced pastoralism.

B.1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information



C. As you can see from the map above, agriculture was discovered at different times by different people. The crops people cultivated depended on what was indigenous to their location. Professor Jared Diamond has pointed out that the nature of edible plants that grew in individual places had a profound effect upon the development of human societies. For example, regions that grew cereal grains had an advantage over those that grew less durable or nutritious foods. Cereal grains (rice, barley, wheat and corn) produced a harvest rich in carbohydrates and other nutrients. They were easy to dry and store. In storage, cereal grains would not spoil as quickly as legumes or yams. As a result, societies that cultivated these crops were more likely to produce surpluses of food.

C.1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information





Watch the following video- Corn- http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/cornWhy was corn/Maize so important to the development of life in the Americas?

Go back to Go to APWorldipedia Key Concept 1.2 - http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=Key_Concept_1.2_The_Neolithic_Revolution_and_Early_Agricultural_SocietiesI.About 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution led to the development of new and more complex economic and social systems.

D. Farming is hard work. Land must be cleared of trees, rocks, and other impediments to sowing seeds. The soil needs to be broken up and, in many cases, water must be diverted to irrigate crops when rain becomes scarce. These needs drove human beings to learn to work together in more goal oriented ways than hunter-gatherers had. Cooperation proved to be an advantage in survival.

D.1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information



E. With agriculture, human beings arrange and concentrate plants in ways they would never exist in nature. They borrow crops from other regions and import them to their farms. Such practices intensify and accelerate the natural processes of erosion and environmental diversification. Pastoralism likewise concentrated animals to a repetitive cycle of grazing lands. As grasslands were stripped of plants, erosion accelerated.

E.1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information



http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/corn

http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/corn



Crash Course #1 - Agricultural Revolution – Taken and edited from the AP World History Teachers Facebook page – We are UBERNERDS!!

Step one- read the questionsStep two- watch the videoStep three- answer the question the best you can by yourselfStep four – Compare your answers in a small group

1. What advantages did H G have over early agriculturalists?‐

2. Where did agriculture emerge? Which food crops are associated with which areas?

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of agriculture?

4. What were the advantages and disadvantages to Pastoralism (being a herder)?

5. What advantages do you think that Eurasia had with its herding set of animals compared to the Americas?

6. If H G had a “better and healthier” lifeway, why did people become agriculturalists?‐

7. What other impacts do complex civilizations have on the environment?

Scroll Down to the following on AP Worldipedia

II. Agriculture and pastoralism began to transform human societies.

A. The ability to acquire food on a regular basis drastically changed life; there was more stability and order. Life

developed according to special patterns, as people had to follow seasons for planting and harvest. The dependence

upon nature was evident in religious practices that came to worship reproduction, fertility, and the natural elements

upon which agriculture depended. Probably the most significant change that took place with the Neolithic revolution

was a dramatic increase in population. More food could sustain more people living together. Small bands of people

developed into villages.

A.1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information



B. At its most basic element, civilization is based on the food supply. In hunting/gathering societies, most all of the people were engaged in acquiring and processing food. For this reason, as we have seen, there was a higher degree of equality. There were no significant differences that distinguished certain people from others. However, in communities that practiced agriculture this basic equality began to break down. The surpluses of food produced by farming created the conditions for the rise of social inequality.

The ability to produce a surplus freed some people from having to spend all their time producing food; individuals could now specialize in other skills. Artisans crafted weapons, jewelry, and other specialty products that could not be produced as readily by nomadic people. Moreover, surpluses of food created the need for a warrior class to emerge. The stores of grain kept by neolithic people were the perfect targets for raiding groups of nomadic people. Some members of the village thus were trained in the skills of defense to protect the fruit of their labor; the first militaries were born. With these divisions of people came inequality. Some groups gained more prestige and status than others. Priests who presided over rituals that were believed necessary for harvests gained elite positions and authority. Warriors were essential for the protection of food. Highly skilled craftsman who could work with metals or produce tools became highly valued. Thus social hierarchies emerged in societies that were able to produce surpluses of food.

B.1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information



Pastoralism: its intense and repetitive grazing thins the ground of plants, increasing erosion and desertification.Overview Look at the entire visual image- write 2-3 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big picture,” and

not a small detail in part of the image.




http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=File:Pastoralism2.jpg


Scroll back to the following on AP Worldipedia

III. Agriculture and pastoralism began to transform human societies.

C. As groups of craftsmen and artisans arose in societies, tools and technology became more efficient and complex.

Agricultural production increased, societies began to trade, and transportation improved. Some examples of these

advancements are:

Pottery Agriculture created the need for storage containers and cooking pots. In response to this need, craftsmen

learned to make pots from clay and other materials, and they became essential for storing food, wine, and other

goods. They could also be used for religious or ceremonial purposes. Pottery became a medium for group identity

and artistic expression as people came to etch designs on the exterior of pots.

Most important details

Plows Tools permit the same amount of work to be done by fewer people. In agriculture, perhaps the most

important early tool was the plow. Plows break up the compacted earth and turn the soil to prepare for the sowing of

seeds. The more efficient the plow, the fewer number of workers are needed to prepare for planting. More efficiency

in agriculture led to greater surpluses, which in turn allowed for more social stratification and specialization.


Woven textiles In 1991 two hikers in the Italian Alps discovered a neolithic man whose body had been preserved in

a glacier for over 5000 years. "Iceman," as he came to be called, provided modern researchers with much

information about the diet, clothing, and skills of European neolithic people. This was particularly important because

textiles decay quickly in most instances leaving us with little evidence about this skill of early man. Two of iceman's

possessions were items that had been woven. This craft is known as textiles. Early textiles were made of dried

plants and fibers, and were woven by hand. Later, people made looms to speed up the process of textile production.

In villages and cities, textile production became another skilled craft, another example of the specialization of labor.


Metallurgy Another area of craftsmanship that neolithic people developed was metallurgy, the knowledge of

working with metal. This technology is very important because it provides the tools for many other areas of labor,

such as farming, textiles, and the forging of weapons.

The earliest metallurgists worked with copper, a metal that can be hammered into shape directly from the ground.

As new metals were found and alloys discovered, metallurgy became a highly skilled practice. Metals have different

densities, grains, and characteristics that must be learned. A major break-though in metallurgy was Bronze. Bronze

is an alloy of copper and tin. It required these base metals to be heated and mixed together, but the result is a

product that is harder and more useful than the softer copper, which cannot hold a cutting edge for long. Bronze

would transform human societies by producing larger surpluses of agriculture and allowing for the creation of

superior weapons


Wheels and wheeled vehicles The wheel was invented in the late neolithic period in Mesopotamia and in the

northern Caucasus region of Central Europe. In its most obvious application, the wheel can be used in vehicles to

facilitate the movement of goods. Moreover, the Hittites developed the chariot, a wheeled vehicle used in battle.

When the Hyksos gained chariots they were able to successfully invade Egypt. Wheels also contributed to the

advancement of other crafts. Pottery could be turned on a horizontal wheel, and they could be used for spinning

yard. Later, the power of moving water could be harnessed with a water wheel. Numerous toys have been found

with wheels.


Overview Look at the entire visual image- write 2-3 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big picture,” and not a small detail in part of the image.


http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=File:Iceman.jpg

Iceman as found in 1991 in the Alps

Detail of Iceman's woven knife sheath

Early textiles from East Asia




http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=File:Sheath.jpg

http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=File:Textiles1.jpg





4.0 Option - Question for the Website- Which development of the Neolithic Era do you feel had the biggest impact and was most important for human development?

- Topic sentence with your stance - __/1 points- 3-4 details defending your stance - ____/3 points

Respond to another students answer in agreement or disagreement. This requires your statement of agreement or disagreement and 2-3 details that either support or go against that student’s argument.

- Topic sentence agreeing or disagreeing with another student - ___/1 points- 2-3 details supporting your response ___/3 points

the first t - file · web viewwould there be as revolutionary a change in the social and...

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