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The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1

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Page 1: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s

Figure 1

Page 2: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Page 3: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

World Solar Challenge

First solar vehicle competition Held in Australia in November 1987 Major US car manufacturers like Ford and GM

participated Results stimulated interest in

electric cars in the automobile

industry

Figure 6

Page 4: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

California and the EV1 During the 1990s California had a

tremendous smog and pollution problem that needed to be addressed.

California Air and Resources Board (CARB) passed a Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate

Required car manufacturers to sell ZEVs if they wanted to sell cars in California

Lead to the development of EV cars

Page 5: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Design and Technology

Two seat cabin

Page 6: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 7

Page 7: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Design and Technology

Two seat cabin No key required

Page 8: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 8

Figure 9

Page 9: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Design and Technology

Two seat cabin No key required Accelerates from 0-60 in 8 seconds

Page 10: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Design and Technology

Two seat cabin No Key required Accelerates from 0-60 in 8 seconds Top average speed = 80 mph

Highest clocked speed = 183 mph

Page 11: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 10

Page 12: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 11

Page 13: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Battery Specs 1st generation EV1 carried a 26 lead-

acid cell battery Average range: 60-80 miles per charge Complete charge takes approx. 3 hrs

220 volt 6kW chargerCharger plugs into the front of the car

Figure 13

Page 14: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Charging Unit

Figure 14

Page 15: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Battery Specs

2nd generation EV1 carried a NiMH batteryDeveloped by Stan Ovshinsky

Range: 100-120 miles Complete charge in approx. 5 hrs Used the same charger as 1st gen.

Page 16: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 15

Figure 16

Page 17: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Cost of the EV1

Sold at ~$33,995, or leased for about $399 a month

Cost of operating an EV1 = Cost of operating a gasoline car EXCEPT gas costs 0.60 cents a gallon!

Maintenance is minimalPerformed every 5000 milesNo extra products

Page 18: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

What happened to the EV1?

Approximately 4,000 leased GM recalled and took back every car in

less than 10 years Crushed, shredded and destroyed

BeforeFigure 18 After

Figure 17

Page 19: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Who Killed the EV1?

Consumers Government Oil Companies Automotive Industry

Page 20: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

General Motors

Poor marketing http://noolmusic.com/myspace_videos/g

eneral_motors_ev-1_tv_commercial_4.php

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGdNTOdemBw

Page 21: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

GM Claims

Claim: Wasn’t enough demand Truth: EV1 had a waiting list of

thousands of buyers. Claim: Cars and batteries were too

expensive to make. Truth: Mass production could have

helped streamline costs.

Page 22: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

GM Motive

Why would GM want to get rid of the EV1?Profit LossNo need for servicing parts like oil filtersOil company connection?

Page 23: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Oil Companies

Funded opposition to the EV1 Profit loss

Trillions of dollars of profits still left in oil reserves

13.5 million barrels a day in 2004

Page 24: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Government Bush’s 2004 Economic Incentive Plan

Tax credit for EVs: $4,000Tax credit for luxury SUVs: $100,000

Joined Automotive Companies in suing CARB over the ZEV Mandate

Emphasis on Hydrogen Fuel Cell Development

Fuel economy standards have not improved since CAFÉ standards were adopted in 1975s

OPEC dropped oil prices

Page 25: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Consumers

Consumers were cautious to accepting the electric car

Many were ignorant to that it even existed

Many couldn’t see the difference between gas cars and EV cars

Consumers will buy what you market to them that they need to buy

Page 26: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Conclusion Although the EV1 did have limitations, it

possessed the potential to be a viable vehicle alternative.

Had the EV1 remained on the market, significant progress in the development of electric vehicles could have been made.

Page 27: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Figures Work Cited1. "EV1." Photograph. Carfree World.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.carsareevil.com/images/gm_ev1.jpg>.

2. "1998 Electric Ford Ranger." Photographs. How Stuff Works.9 Nov. 2008 <http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/1990-1999-ford-trucks-40.jpg>.

3. "Ford Think." Photograph. 21stcentury.co.uk. 9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.21stcentury.co.uk/images/cars/ford_th!nk.jpg>.

4. "Honda EV Plus." Photograph. AutoWorld.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.autoworld.com/news/Honda/ev_plus.jpg>.

5. "Nissan Altra." Photograph. The Auto Channel.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.theautochannel.com/cybercast/laautoshow98/images/nissan_altra_ev.jpg>.

6. "World Solar Challenge." Photograph. 1990 World Solar Challenge.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sdbest/solarcar/Wsc1990.htm>.

7-9, 12, 14. "Miscellaneous EV1." Photograph. EV1 FAQ.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.ev1.pair.com/charge_across_america/charge_html/faqs.html#anchor2778139. >.

10-11. "Inside the EV1." Diagram. EV1 Club.6 Nov. 2008 <http://ev1-club.power.net/evpics.htm>.

13. "EV1 Engine." Photograph. Motortrend Blog.9 Nov. 2008 <http://image.motortrend.com/f/editorial/no-one-killed-the-electric-car-it-was-dead-on-arrival/9814174+cr1+re0+ar1/gm-ev1-engine.jpg>.

16. "EV1 Battery." Photograph. JCWinni-Photobucket.9 Nov. 2008 <http://i160.photobucket.com/albums/t175/jcwinni/gmphev5.png>.

17. "EV1 Graveyard - December, 2003- Before." Digital Photograph. EV1 Club.5 Nov. 2008 <http://ev1-club.power.net/archive/031219/jpg/before1.htm>.

18. "EV1 Graveyard - December, 2003- After." Digital Photograph. EV1 Club.5 Nov. 2008 <http://ev1-club.power.net/archive/031219/jpg/after2.htm>.

Page 28: The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

References "History of Electric Vehicles from 1990 to 1998." EV History. 1

About.com. 5 Nov. 2008 <http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarselectric2a.htm>.

Trexlar, Kris. Charge Across America. 1 Jan. 9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.ev1.pair.com/charge_across_america/charge_html/faqs.html#anchor2843536>.

"United States." The World Factbook. 1 CIA. 9 Nov. 2008 <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/us.html>.

Who Killed the Electric Car. Dir. Chris Paine: DVD. Sony Pictures, 2006.

"Who Killed the Electric Car." NOW. 9 June 2006. PBS. 5 Nov. 2008 <http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/223/>.

Who Killed the Electric Car. Sony Pictures Classics. 5 Nov. 2008 <http://www.sonyclassics.com/whokilledtheelectriccar/electric.html>.


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