The European UnionThe European Union

(Don(Don’’t write) t write) BelgiumBelgium, , DenmarkDenmark, , FranceFrance, , GermanyGermany, , United KingdomUnited Kingdom, , GreeceGreece, , IrelandIreland, , ItalyItaly, , LuxembourgLuxembourg, the , the NetherlandsNetherlands, , PortugalPortugal, , SpainSpain, , AustriaAustria, , FinlandFinland, , SwedenSweden, , BulgariaBulgaria, , RomaniaRomania, , Slovakia, SloveniaSlovakia, Slovenia, , Czech RepublicCzech Republic, , HungaryHungary, , LatviaLatvia, , LithuaniaLithuania, , EstoniaEstonia, , CyprusCyprus, , MaltaMalta, , CroatiaCroatia, and , and PolandPoland

Using your brain and with one partner try to Using your brain and with one partner try to locate every country on the blank European locate every country on the blank European map.map.

Map 30–1 THE GROWTH OF THE EUROPEAN UNION This map traces the growth of membership in the European Union from its founding in 1957 through the introduction of its newest members in 2004. Note that Turkey though having applied for membership has not yet been admitted.

Mystery Q: UnificationMystery Q: Unification

What reasons would European nations What reasons would European nations after World War II look to create a after World War II look to create a common community? Think politically, common community? Think politically, economically, and sociallyeconomically, and socially French wanted to keep an eye on GermanyFrench wanted to keep an eye on Germany Economic cooperation was needed to ease Economic cooperation was needed to ease

tensions amongst nations and to allow tensions amongst nations and to allow Europe to compete with the U.S. and Asian Europe to compete with the U.S. and Asian marketsmarkets

Concern over the SUConcern over the SU

Assignment: Path to Assignment: Path to CooperationCooperation

Use the notebook to review the path Use the notebook to review the path of political and economic of political and economic cooperation of Europe.cooperation of Europe.

Be prepared to state ONE way Be prepared to state ONE way cooperation began after WWII.cooperation began after WWII.

What were the major steps in the What were the major steps in the emergence of the European Union? emergence of the European Union?

Stages of UnificationStages of Unification

11stst stage(1948) stage(1948)Organization for Organization for European Economic Cooperation European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)(OEEC)task of handling Marshall task of handling Marshall Plan moneyPlan money Worked to lower tariffs and eliminate Worked to lower tariffs and eliminate

trade barriers amongst states receiving trade barriers amongst states receiving assistanceassistance

U.S. insisted the money be used U.S. insisted the money be used cooperatively amongst nationscooperatively amongst nations

European UnificationEuropean Unification European Economic CommunityEuropean Economic Community (1957)– (1957)–

members known as the members known as the Common MarketCommon Market, first , first came together out of the European Coal and Steel came together out of the European Coal and Steel Community Community

seek the elimination of tariffs, a free flow of seek the elimination of tariffs, a free flow of capital and labor, and similar wages and benefits capital and labor, and similar wages and benefits for workers of all countriesfor workers of all countries original six members – (France, West Germany, original six members – (France, West Germany,

Italy Belgium, Netherlands, and LuxembourgItaly Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg 1973 – Great Britain (despite protest from 1973 – Great Britain (despite protest from

France), Ireland and Denmark become France), Ireland and Denmark become membersmembers

1982 – Spain, Portugal and Greece apply to join1982 – Spain, Portugal and Greece apply to join

European UnionEuropean Union

European UnionEuropean Union – 1993 – – 1993 – Treaty Treaty of Maastrichtof Maastricht turns the EEC into turns the EEC into the European Union with a common the European Union with a common currency for twelve of the member currency for twelve of the member nations – the nations – the EuroEuro.. membership in union rises to membership in union rises to

twenty-five countries in 2004twenty-five countries in 2004 many former Soviet bloc countries many former Soviet bloc countries

need economic aid from the Unionneed economic aid from the Union

Discord in the UnionDiscord in the Union

proposed proposed European ConstitutionEuropean Constitution of 2004 involved a bill of rights and of 2004 involved a bill of rights and complex economic and political complex economic and political agreements between nations agreements between nations transferring considerable power transferring considerable power from individual nations to a central from individual nations to a central powerpower

France and the Netherlands defeat France and the Netherlands defeat the treaty, while Britain postpones the treaty, while Britain postpones voting on itvoting on it

Why it was defeatedWhy it was defeated

Britain and France clash over Britain and France clash over admittance of Turkeyadmittance of Turkey

Some members have stagnant Some members have stagnant economies which other members economies which other members dondon’’t want to be held responsible for t want to be held responsible for helpinghelping

Reluctance to give up national Reluctance to give up national sovereignty to a bureaucracysovereignty to a bureaucracy

The EuroThe Euro

The EuroThe Euro

The most important accomplishment of the The most important accomplishment of the European Community was the launching European Community was the launching on January 1, 1999, of the Euro, a single on January 1, 1999, of the Euro, a single monetary unit that replaced the national monetary unit that replaced the national currencies of most of its member nations.currencies of most of its member nations.

Provided economic stability and a boost Provided economic stability and a boost to lagging economic conditionsto lagging economic conditions

Unique national euro coins provided by Unique national euro coins provided by the EUthe EU

All transactions within the EU zone All transactions within the EU zone converted to Eurosconverted to Euros

Only 18 of 28 EU nations use euro as of Only 18 of 28 EU nations use euro as of 20132013

Nations after 1993 pledged to adopt the Nations after 1993 pledged to adopt the euroeuro

Britain, Denmark, and Sweden still Britain, Denmark, and Sweden still opposeoppose

Summary: European Summary: European UnionUnion

Why is the Union now facing a Why is the Union now facing a crisis? crisis?