the european journal of orthodontics - oup · pdf filean official journal of the european...

The European Journal of Orthodontics ejo.oxfordjournals.org

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An official journal of the European Orthodontic Society, making it the ideal place to reach orthodontists throughout Europe.

One of the leading periodicals in its field, The European Journal of Orthodontics publishes scientific papers aimed at all orthodontists. The journal provides a forum for orthodontists in Europe where many developments are taking place, but also accepts papers from all parts of the world.

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Impact Factor: 0.893Target Audience: Orthodontists

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EJOwww.ejo.oxfordjournals.org

European Journal of

OrthodonticsVolume 34 | Number 3 | June 2012

CONSISTENCY AND PRECISION OF LANDMARK IDENTIFICATION IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANS

WILL SCHLICHER, IB NIELSEN, JOHN C. HUANG, KOUTARO MAKI, DAVID C. HATCHER AND A. J. MILLER 263

REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF LANDMARKS—A THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY

IREM TITIZ, MICHALA LAUBINGER, THOMAS KELLER, KLAUS HERTRICH AND URSULA HIRSCHFELDER 276

DOES PUBLISHED ORTHODONTIC RESEARCH ACCOUNT FOR CLUSTERING EFFECTS DURING STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS?

DESPINA KOLETSI, NIKOLAOS PANDIS, ARGY POLYCHRONOPOULOU AND THEODORE ELIADES 287

WHY DOES CLUSTERING MATTER IN ORTHODONTIC TRIALS? JAYNE E. HARRISON AND GIRVAN BURNSIDE 293

ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN THE SOFT TISSUE PROFILES OF TURKISH AND EUROPEAN – AMERICAN YOUNG ADULTS WITH NORMAL OCCLUSIONS AND WELL-BALANCED FACES

TANCAN UYSAL, ASLI BAYSAL, AHMET YAGCI, LAUREN M. SIGLER AND JAMES A. MCNAMARA JR 296

THE POSITION OF MAXILLARY CANINE IMPACTIONS AND THE INFLUENCED FACTORS TO ADJACENT ROOT RESORPTION IN THE KOREAN POPULATION

YOOJUN KIM, HONG-KEUN HYUN AND KI-TAEG JANG 302

OCCLUSAL ASYMMETRIES IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HIP DISLOCATION VIRPI HARILA, MARITA VALKAMA, KOSHI SATO, SHANE TOLLESON, SHAD HANIS, CHUNG H. KAU AND PERTTI PIRTTINIEMI 307

POSTEROANTERIOR CEPHALOMETRIC NORMS FOR AN ADOLESCENT KUWAITI POPULATION

RASHED AL-AZEMI AND JON ÅRTUN 312

RELIABILITY OF FOUR DIFFERENT COMPUTERIZED CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS PROGRAMS

MUSTAFA ERKAN, HAKAN GURCAN GUREL, METIN NUR AND BARIS DEMIREL 318

VISUAL PERCEPTION OF SKELETAL CLASS AND BIOTYPE IN SPAIN MARTÍN ROMERO-MAROTO, IVÁN NIETO-SÁNCHEZ, MANUEL MÍGUEZ-CONTRERAS AND ANA LÓPEZ-DE-ANDRÉS 322

GROWTH OF THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE IN GIRLS FROM 8 TO 17 YEARS. A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

MÜGE ALTAN, ÖYKÜ NEBIOGLU DALCI AND HALUK IS‚ERI 327

THE PERCEPTION OF FACIAL AESTHETICS IN A YOUNG SPANISH POPULATION ANA B. MACÍAS GAGO, MARTÍN ROMERO MAROTO AND ANTONIO CREGO 335

Continued on inside back cover

ISSN 0141-5387 (PRINT)

ISSN 1460-2210 (ONLINE)Contents

European Journal of O

rthodonticsV

olume 34 | N

umber 3 | June 2012

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2013 Schedule

35/1 February 03 January 2013 07 February 2013

35/2 April 05 March 2013 10 April 2013

35/3 June 02 May 2013 07 June 2013

35/4 August 04 July 2013 07 August 2013

35/5 October 06 September 2013 10 October 2013

35/6 December 06 November 2013 10 December 2013

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rthodonticsV

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rthodonticsV

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European Journal of Orthodonticsdoi:10.1093/ejo/cjs045

© The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society.All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected]

Gingival recessions and the change of inclination of mandibular

incisors during orthodontic treatment

Anne Marie Renkema*, Piotr S. Fudalej**, Alianne Renkema***, Ewald Bronkhorst**** and Christos Katsaros******Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands, **Department of Orthodontics, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic, ***Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, ****Department of Community and Restorative Dentistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands and *****Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Switzerland

Correspondence to: P. S. Fudalej, Department of Orthodontics, Palacky University, Palackého 12, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

SUMMARY A recent systematic review demonstrated that, overall, orthodontic treatment might result in a small worsening of periodontal status. The aim of this retrospective study was to test the hypothesis that a change of mandibular incisor inclination promotes development of labial gingival recessions.

One hundred and seventy-nine subjects who met the following inclusion criteria were selected: age 11–14 years at start of orthodontic treatment (TS), bonded retainer placed immediately after treatment (T0), dental casts and lateral cephalograms available pre-treatment (TS), post-treatment (T0), 2 years post-treatment (T2), and 5 years post-treatment (T5). Depending on the change of lower incisor inclination during treatment (ΔInc_Incl), the sample was divided into three groups: Retro (N 34; ΔInc_Incl ≤ –1 degree), Stable (N 22; ΔInc_Incl > –1 degree and ≤1 degree), and Pro (N 123; ΔInc_Incl > 1 degree). Clinical crown heights of mandibular incisors and the presence of gingival recessions in this region were assessed on plaster models. Fisher’s exact tests, one-way analysis of variance, and regression models were used for analysis of inter-group differences.

The mean increase of clinical crown heights (T0 to T5) of mandibular incisors ranged from 0.6 to 0.91 mm in the Retro, Stable, and Pro groups, respectively; the difference was not significant (P 0.534). At T5, gingival recessions were present in 8.8, 4.5, and 16.3 per cent patients from the Retro, Stable, and Pro groups, respectively. The difference was not significant (P 0.265).

The change of lower incisors inclination during treatment did not affect development of labial gingival recessions in this patient group.

Introduction

A ‘gingival recession’ (Figure 1a and 1b) is defined as the displacement of the marginal tissue apical to the cemento-enamel junction (Camargo et al., 2001). Recessions are relatively common in Caucasian populations and their de-velopment is age-dependent—they are more prevalent in older than in younger persons. Furthermore, they are more frequently observed in mandibular than in maxillary teeth. The gingival recessions negatively affect the appearance of dentition and may cause tooth hypersensitivity and lead to root caries (Löe et al., 1992; Susin et al., 2004).

Orthodontic treatment may promote development of recessions (Bollen et al., 2008; Slutzkey and Levin, 2008). Slutzkey and Levin (2008) observed that the prevalence and extent of recessions correlated with past orthodontic treatment. For example, young adults (18–22 years old) who had been treated orthodontically many years before showed twice as high risk of developing gingival recessions than their untreated peers (22.9 versus 11.4 per cent, respectively). Also, Bollen et al. (2008) concluded in their

review that the evidence suggested a small mean worsening of periodontal status after orthodontic therapy.

The precise mechanism by which orthodontic treat-ment influences the occurrence of recessions remains un-clear. Nonetheless, it has been assumed that the presence of bony dehiscence is a prerequisite for the development of gingival recession (Wennström, 1996). Because a bony dehiscence does not always lead to recession (Thilander et al., 1983), other factors such as thin gingival biotype, prolonged gingivitis, or mechanical trauma during tooth brushing must coincide (Wennström, 1996). From the orthodontic perspective, however, a possibility of forma-tion of alveolar bone dehiscences during treatment and the presence of gingivitis during and after therapy is most important.

Animal experiments with labial movement of lower incisors in monkeys (Batenhorst et al., 1974; Steiner et al., 1981) demonstrated the development of bone dehis-cences and subsequent loss of periodontal attachment.

The European Journal of Orthodontics Advance Access published August 21, 2012

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