the environment and standards - close together

Annual Report 2001

The Environmentand Standards

Close together

The ISO brand

ISO is acquiring a new public imageand reputation. The implications of thisevolution were explored at the ground-breaking first ISO Networking Confer-ence in November 2001, in Prague, CzechRepublic, which brought together infor-mation, marketing, communication andtraining professionals from the nationalstandards institutes that make up ISO’smembership.

In business, reputation can trigger thedecision to buy. In ISO’s context, theorganization’s reputation can encourage“buy in” to the ISO system, increas-ing ISO’s influence through itsrecognition as a key player byinternational institutions and busi-ness organizations, and bringingnew customers for its standards-development services. 2001 wasrich in examples.

· developing a free and fair global trad-ing system;

· supporting the efforts of developingcountries to participate in this system;

· improving the environmental perform-ance of organizations and combatingclimate change ;

· facilitating new, value-adding busi-ness and technological developments,and

· ensuring that the interests of diversestakeholder groups, from industry togovernment to consumers, the eld-erly and the disabled are taken intoaccount.

ISO was established in 1947 as aframework for harmonizing the engineer-ing standards of industrialized countries.Today, “ISO” has evolved into an interna-tionally recognized brand name. WhileISO standards continue to provide sol-utions to technical problems in an impres-sive variety of specific business sectors,they are also increasingly appreciated asforce multipliers in broader economic andsocial issues, including the following:

I S O A N N U A L

Reputation

A warm welcome to Sydney and Australia from theChairman of Standards Australia, from a youth envoyto the 2001 Centenary of the Federation of Australiaand the Deputy Lord Mayor of Sydney. The ISOPresident welcomed ISO members from around the world to the 24th General Assembly, meeting inAustralia for the first time. “It is an honour to be apart of the Centenary events, as the country com-memorates 100 years as a Commonwealth,” he said.

From left to right: Mr. Ross Wraight, CEO of Standards Australia and ISO Vice-President (technical management); Mr. George Edwards,Chairman, Standards Australia; Mr. MarioCortopassi, ISO President; Ms. Hayley Eves, youthenvoy to the Centenary of the Federation ofAustralia; Dr. Lawrence D. Eicher, ISO Secretary-General and Ms. Lucy Turnbull, Deputy Lord Mayor of Sydney.

3 R E P O R T 2 0 0 1

I S O A N N U A L 4 R E P O R T 2 0 0 1

Throughout 2001, ISO President, Mr.Mario Cortopassi, hammered out hisbelief in the need for increased efforts toharmonize and promote a global con-formity assessment framework that wouldmake a reality of his “1-1-1 dream” : “Onestandard, one test of conformity, one cer-tification – accepted everywhere.”

He said that in this respect, ISO wason the same wavelength as the WTO.“During the World Trade Organization’sSecond Triennial Review of the WTOAgreement on Technical Barriers toTrade, ISO was able to demonstratethat it implements fully all six principlesdeveloped by the TBT Committee forinternational standardizing bodies.”

“ Continued efforts will be made byISO to strengthen the partnership withthe WTO, as well as with other institu-tions, and to work with national publicauthorities and international organiza-tions to support the evolution of thestandards and conformity assessmentinfrastructure needed by the globalmarket.”

Evidence of ISO’s strong partnershipwith the WTO came at the ISO GeneralAssembly in Sydney, Australia. In a videopresentation to ISO’s members, WTODirector-General, Mr. Mike Moore, recog-nized the significant contribution of ISOtowards facilitating international tradeand avoiding technical barriers.

The programme of the GeneralAssembly, which was hosted byStandards Australia, included two specialsessions on climate change and risk man-agement, illustrating ISO’s concern withglobal issues.

One of the six principles of theWTO/TBT Committee stipulates concreteaction to help developing countries takepart in the development of InternationalStandards. This is hardly a new concernfor ISO since its Committee on develop-ing country matters (DEVCO), the first ofits kind established by an internationalstandardization organization, celebratedits 40 th anniversary in 2001.

ISO and the globaltrading system

ISO and developingcountries

DEVCO’s membership has grown froma handful to the standards institutes ofmore than 100 countries, both developingand developed – a measure of ISO’sefforts to assist developing country mem-bers to establish and upgrade their stan-dards infrastructures in order to facilitatetheir participation in international tradeand integration with the global economy.

DEVCO draws up three-year plans thatinclude training, manuals, seminars,

The ISO Programme for Developing Countries for2001-2003 devotes special attention to enhancing

the information and communication technology (ICT)capabilities of ISO’s developing country members,

with an emphasis on the training of trainers.


sponsorships, fellowships and other activ-ities. The Programme for 2001-2003devotes special attention to enhancingthe information and communication tech-nology (ICT) capabilities of ISO’s develop-ing country members, with an emphasison the training of trainers. Countries whichbenefited in 2001 were Egypt, Ethiopia,Jordan, Morocco, Palestine and Tunisia.

Another initiative launched in 2001was the ISO Task Force, established bythe ISO Technical Management Board(TMB) and including DEVCO representa-tives, to increase the participation ofdeveloping countries in the organization’sstandards-development work. “With theglobalization of the world economy, it isparamount that the developing countriescontribute in a major way to the writing,implementation and application ofInternational Standards if we want tohave a fair and open world trade,” theTask Force Chairman, Mr. Fabio Tobón,commented.

As part of its efforts to assist develop-ing countries, ISO also collaborates withother international organizations, as it didduring 2001 within the framework of theMediterranean 2000 Project, which isintended to stimulate the growth and com-petitiveness of small and medium sizedenterprises of developing countries in theMediterranean Basin and the Horn ofAfrica. ISO participates in this project with

four other international agencies : the ILO(International Labour Office), the ITC(International Trade Centre), UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopment) and UNIDO (United NationsIndustrial Development Organization).

ISO, the environmentand climate change

The theme of World Standards Day2001 was “The environment and stan-dards – close together.” For ISO, the rela-tionship goes back 30 years, duringwhich a wide-ranging environmental portfolio has been developed of stan-dardized sampling, testing and analyticalmethods to deal with specific challengessuch as the quality of air, water and soil,and road vehicle exhaust emissions.

To complement these specific tools,ISO in 1996 published the first standardsin the ISO 14000 series of environmentalmanagement system (EMS) standards,which offers a strategic approach. TheISO 14000 standards provide a structure,

The 2001 WorldStandards Dayposter wasdesigned by theBrazilian painterand art teacherCarla Fatio.


a methodology andpractical tools to helporganizations of alltypes, in both public and

private sectors, to reduce the negativeimpacts of their activities on the environ-ment and continually to improve their envi-ronmental performance. The 10th cycle ofThe ISO Survey of ISO 9000 and ISO14000certificates indicated that the initial globaladoption of ISO 14001 is if anything higherthan that experienced by its quality man-agement predecessor, ISO 9000.

ISO 14001, which contains the require-ments for an EMS and against which thesystem can be audited and certified, isby far the best known standard devel-oped by ISO/TC 207. However, the ISO14000 family currently comprises 20 stan-dards. The basic philosophy is that theEMS is of central importance to an organ-ization and that the other standards areintended to support specific elements ofthe organization’s environmental policy.To help users understand the differentstandards and thereby get the best useout of them, ISO in 2001 published anupdated and improved edition of its successful Manual 10, Environmentalmanagement and ISO 14000.

A newcomer to the ISO 14000 familyin 2001 was ISO 14015, Environmentalassessment of sites and organizations.The need to assess the environmentalconsequences of business activities is

increasingly frequentin a variety of situations, includingcompliance with legislation, reducing pollution, improvingenvironmental per-formance, risk assess-

ment, obtaining loans and insurance,property evaluations and during acquisi-tions and mergers. ISO 14015 will there-fore facilitate a whole range of businesstransactions, while supporting due careof the environment.

The scope of ISO’s environmentalstandardization has made it an indispen-sable participant in international efforts todeal with climate change. The TMB hasestablished the Ad Hoc Group on ClimateChange (AHGCC) specifically to act as afocal point for ISO’s interactions with thesecretariat of the United Nations Frame-work Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and the IEA (InternationalEnergy Agency)/OECD (Organisation forEconomic Cooperation and Develop-ment) Climate Technology Initiative (CTI).

The AHGCC has compiled a prelimi-nary database of ISO standards con-sidered potentially applicable to climatechange. The database includes refer-ence to 17 technical committees and 37subcommittees/working groups whosework has potential for climate change-related applications. One of the currentongoing focuses is the evaluation of ISO’spotential role in developing standardizedapproaches to establishing greenhousegas baselines, monitoring, measurementand verification.

International Standards writers must carefully consider the interactionsbetween industry,government and society.


Intelligent transport systems – standards pave the route ahead

ISO continues through different initiat-ives to improve the interface of its stan-dards-development programmes with themarket requirements of specific businesssectors. In 2001, ISO had a significantsuccess in this area with the conference,“ Intelligent Transport Systems – TheRoad to Future Standards”, organized byISO and its partners IEC (InternationalElectrotechnical Commission) and ITU(International Telecommunication Union).

The realization is growing that stan-dardization at early stages of new busi-ness and technological developments –such as Intelligent Transport Systems(ITS) – can add value and create “a big-ger cake” for all by a “ forward deploy-ment ” of compatibility and interoperabili-ty, even among competing products, withbenefits for vendors and customers alike.

helped bring out some of the commonobjectives, as well as the differing per-spectives, underlying ITS standardizationefforts in the US, Europe and Japan.

“ ISO could act as the driver for the ITSstandardization process with a view tocreating consensus between the public,enterprises and administrations,” con-cluded Dr. Gerd Teepe, Head of MotorolaAutomotive Systems Architecture Labor-atory. “Driving this process is a difficulttask and a body like ISO is suited to takethe initiative to move the process andmaintain the speed of the process.”

Automotive sector – complete package of standards

In 2001, ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles,delivered a “bumper production” of morethan 50 standards, bringing its total portfolio to some 500.However, ISO’s stan-dards-developmentactivi t ies

ISO standards at the cutting edge

The ITS conference was attended bysome 80 experts from private sector cor-porations such as Motorola, Siemens,and General Motors and, from the publicsector, representatives of governmentalorganizations such as the United StatesDepartment of Transportation, theEuropean Commission and the UnitedNations Economic Commission forEurope (UN/ECE). The discussions whichresulted from this high-level participation

to meet automotive industry requirementsspan the work of several other ISO tech-nical committees. This illustrates one ofthe value-adding strongpoints of the ISOsystem: its ability to produce a completepackage of standards for specific busi-ness sectors.

Standards for the automotive sectorhave contributed to making vehicles thatare safer, quieter, pollute less and useless fuel. In addition, new standardswhich are drafted at the new productdevelopment stage can also help toclose the communication loop betweenmanufacturers and regulators, with eco-nomic benefits for the former, and publichealth and safety benefits for the latter.


Oil and gas industry – partnership delivers reduced costsand increased safety

Another example of successful collab-oration between ISO and an industry sector was highlighted in 2001 by thelaunching of the International Association

of Oil and Gas Producers(OGP) newsletter, Interna-tional Standards Bulletin,to promote worldwide useof ISO and IEC standardsfor the sector. ISO/TC 67,Materials, equipment andoffshore structures forpetroleum and natural gasindustries, already hadmore than 70 standards inits portfolio by the end of2001.

It is expected that thestandards will be imple-

mented widely in oil and gas provincesthroughout the world, replacing existingindustry standards, national standardsand company specifications.

“For industry, they will reduce costsand delivery time and facilitate tradeacross national borders,” the OGP statedin its bulletin. “For regulatory authorities,the standards offer support for goal-set-ting and functional regulations, whileachieving higher levels of safety throughbetter design.”

Gas cylinders – new standard facilitates growth of innovatory transport market

The use of compressed natural gas(CNG) as a vehicle fuel is rapidly increas-ing worldwide both for economic reasonsand to reduce air pollution. The growingmarket for CNG vehicles presents thehigh pressure gas cylinder industry with anew challenge – how to make vehiclecylinders that are lighter, cheaper andsafer than industrial cylinder designs.

To meet the challenge, ISO/TC 58, Gascylinders, undertook the development of

ISO 11439, which is based on 20 years ofexperience during which significantadvances have been made in the qualityof materials and production systems,including computerized manufacturingand non-destructive testing technology.The result is a standard which ensuresthe safety and performance parametersof CNG cylinders for the automotive mar-ket without prescribing how manufactur-ers should design them. This promotesthe growth of CNG as a vehicle fuel, whileencouraging innovation and healthy com-petition between manufacturers, to thebenefit of users.

Cleaner, fuel-efficient energy givenboost by new gas turbine standard

Rapidly advancing gas turbine technol-ogy has produced fuel-saving improve-ments coupled with significant reductionsin exhaust emissions, making gas turbinesan attractive source of energy. The newversion of ISO 3977, a standard for theprocurement of gas turbines, will facilitatetheir proliferation. The concept of the stan-dard, developed by ISO/TC 192, is not totell industry how to design a gas turbine,but to specify the features that most cus-tomers expect from a power plant, thusproviding a framework for discussionbetween manufacturer and client.

Increased security through reliableidentification controls

Airline security is justone of the applications towhich personal identifi-cation based on biometricmechanisms is being ap-plied. Such mechanisms –which include iris scanning,finger imaging and facialrecognition – measure phys-iological and/or behaviouralcharacteristics to verify theidentity of an individual. ISO/IEC 7816-11,Identification cards, Integrated circuitcards with contacts – Personal verifica-tion through biometric methods, is being


developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1, Informationtechnology, as an application-independ-ent standard defining inter-industry com-mands and inter-industry data objectssuitable for various kinds of applicationsusing biometric user verification.

Traceability of animals through electronic identification

The ravages of livestock disease andexposés of the illicit trade in domestic ani-mals have highlighted the advantages of

identification and traceability.However, with four billion live-stock and 200 million pets inthe world, the size of thepotential problem is enor-mous. ISO 11784, Radiofrequency identificationof animals – Code struc-ture, facilitates onesolution: that of elec-tronic identification.

Electronic trans-ponders containing an

unique “ life number”are injected painlessly into animals at anearly stage. From that moment on, the ani-mal can be identified automatically from adistance using radio-frequency signals tointerrogate and respond. ISO 11784,developed by ISO/TC 23, details thestructure of the 64-bit code for electronicanimal identification.

Protecting machine operators in the textile industry

ISO 9902 provides a comprehensivenoise test code for textile machinery, sometypes of which, with heavy componentsmoving back and forwards at highspeeds, generate high noise levels. Thecode, developed by ISO/TC 72, ensuresthe repeatability of noise emission test-ing. Its use will enable manufacturers todeclare the noise levels emitted by theirmachines, machine users to verify themanufacturers’ claims, and also allow anestimation of noise exposure in the work-place.

Keeping shipboard managementsystems ‘ship shape’

New information technology-basedshipboard management systems arebeing deployed continually. This can create separate “ islands of information ”with interoperability problems when thesystems come from different vendors,each with their own databases and protocols.

ISO 15849, Ships and marine technol-ogy – Guidelines for implementation of afleet management system network, clearsthe fog by providing users – ship ownersand operators – with a set of principlesfor shipboard management systems orfleet management system networks thatcan be applied to the various functions,regardless of the particular technologybeing employed. The standard, which isthe work of ISO/TC 8, will allow ship own-ers to maintain their systems throughrapid changes of technology, allowingthem to add new functions without theneed to replace the entire system.

“ IWA” stands for “ InternationalWorkshop Agreement ”, one of severalnew alternatives offered by ISO to devel-oping International Standards for caseswhere swift development and publicationtakes priority.

Another eagerly awaited standardwhich was published in 2001 as a draft isISO 19011, Guidelines for quality and/orenvironmental management systemsauditing. Benefiting from the consider-able body of experience that has built upon the auditing of ISO management sys-tems, the standard will replace six exist-ing ones in the ISO 9000 and ISO 14000families. It will help user organizations to optimize their management systems,facilitate the integration of quality andenvironmental management and, in allow-ing single audits of both systems, willsave money and decrease disruption ofwork units being audited.

ISO’s two current families of manage-ment system standards are used world-wide by organizations of all types andsizes. In 2001, ISO published criteria forevaluating requests for new managementstandards : ISO/Guide 72, Guidelines forthe justification and development of man-agement system standards.

The document provides guidance forassessing the need for new managementsystem standards and the economic andsocietal costs of their implementation. Italso gives guidance on the process ofjustifying and approving new standardsprojects in order to enhance well-informed decision-making.

Guide 72 is intended to improve theinterface between standards-developingcommittees and the market sectors theyserve, as well as to make the optimal useof resources by developing only thosemanagement system standards for whichthere is a clear market requirement.


Making sure the message is the right one

If a picture is worth a thousand words,it is also open to a thousand interpret-ations. That may be acceptable where artis concerned, but when a graphical sym-bol intended to convey, for example,safety-related information does not getthe right message across, then the con-sequences could be serious.

To deal with this problem, ISO/TC 145has developed ISO 9186, Graphical sym-bols – Test methods for judged compre-hensibility and for comprehension. Thestandard proposes a protocol consistingof two tests: a comprehensibility judge-ment test and a comprehension test. Thismethod can be used to determine whichsymbols are best suited to communicateeffectively the intended message.

Last...but not least

ISO 9000, the series of managementsystem standards largely responsible for

adding a businessdimension to ISO’sreputation, continuedin 2001 to provide a platform for newdevelopments. ISO15161, Guidelines onthe application of ISO 9001:2000 forthe food and drinkindustry, and IWA 1,Quality ManagementSystems – Guidelines for process improve-ments in health ser-vice organizations,have generated asteady stream ofenquiries from themoment they werepublished, indicatingthat in developingthem, ISO had suc-cessfully identifiedreal market needs.


2001 saw the launching by ISO of a new colour magazine, ISO ManagementSystems – The International

Review of ISO 9000and ISO 14000,

to replaceISO 9000 +ISO 14000

News.

It appearssix times a

year inEnglish,

French and Spanish editions.


The voice of the consumer

The primary input to most ISO stan-dards comes from the business sectorswhich require them and which bear thecost of their development by providingexperts to participate in that develop-ment. However, with many ISO standardsaffecting society as a whole, the organ-ization is keen to encourage greater inputto standards development from otherstakeholder groups, such as consumerassociations. In this respect, ISO’s con-sumer policy committee, COPOLCO, isvery active in developing and communi-cating guidance on the standardizationneeds of consumers.

It was COPOLCO that identified theneed for future International Standardsfor services, which account for the majorportion of GDP in many countries and areincreasingly important in world trade.While national and regional service stan-dards abound, service standardization atthe international level has not taken off.Undaunted, COPOLCO held a workshopin 2001 in Oslo, Norway, to examine thehurdles and identify practical steps forovercoming them. To be continued...

Following preliminary work by COPOLCO, ISO and its partner IEC pub-lished Guide 71, Guidelines for standardsdevelopers to address the needs of olderpersons and persons with disabilities.

“The increasing prevalence and com-plexity of technology in everyday lifepresents both opportunities and chal-lenges,” said Prof. Makoto Kikuchi,Chairman of ISO’s ad hoc technical advi-sory group on the elderly and people withdisabilities. “If older persons and peoplewith disabilities are going to be able toparticipate in society on equal terms, wehave to improve the accessibility of prod-ucts, services and environments...”

“Manufacturers are going to find thatthe guide will help them to design andproduce more products and servicesthat more people can use, at little or noextra cost. For older persons and peoplewith disabilities, this guide should helpby the effect it has on the standardsdeveloped.”

Further proof of COPOLCO’s aware-ness of consumer preoccupations, socialissues and the potential of ISO standardsto make a positive difference came in2001 with the launching of a feasibilitystudy on standards for corporate socialresponsibility.

Commented Dr. Nils Ringstedt,Chairman of COPOLCO: “An increasingnumber of consumers are expressing

ISO and its stakeholders


their concern regarding the social integ-rity of corporations in their operations inthe global market-place. In this field, ISOInternational Standards could play a use-ful role in laying out guidelines, or lookingat specific areas where defining conductcould be helpful.”

The voice of the user

The theme of the10 th conference of theInternational Federation of StandardsUsers (IFAN), held in September 2001 in Berlin, Germany, was, “World tradeand standardization”. Among items dis-cussed were the results of a study published by DIN, the German Institutefor Standardization, which confirmedindustry’s wide use and acceptance ofInternational Standards. According to thestudy’s findings, 84 % of companies sur-veyed use European and InternationalStandards as part of their export strategy.

The conference participants agreedthat, when widely adopted, standards arean effective tool of world trade. A singleand coherent set of standards promotesmarket efficiency and expansion, fostersinternational trade, encourages compe-tition and lowers barriers to market entry,diffuses new technologies, protects con-sumers against unsafe or substandardproducts and, especially in electronicsand information technology, ensuresinteroperability among products. In gen-eral, harmonized standards open up newmarkets for export-oriented sectors ofindustry, help technological change andmake a great contribution to economicgrowth.

One of the conference speakers, Mr.Neil Reeve, of the Shell oil company, pre-senting his vision of the future of stan-dardization, predicted that “ the biggestvalue of the ISO system is the migrationtowards ’one global standard’ for thethousands of product standards that theworld needs”.

In 2001, ISO approved its StrategicPlan for the years 2002-2004, committingitself to the following five major strat-egies :

ISO: the path forward

ISO President, Mr. Mario Cortopassi,gave his reading of where the organiz-ation stands today: “ISO standards havebecome an inescapable frame of refer-ence for all types of business activity. Byapplying ISO’s core values and principlesof voluntary implementation of standards,consensus, openness, transparency ofprocedures and broadest representationof national interests, the organization hasachieved a remarkable level of institu-tional recognition in its half-century ofexistence.”

“On the threshold of the 21st century,the prevailing economic and socialtrends offer great opportunities for ISO tobuild and strengthen its position as theleading international standardizationbody in the world.”

increasing ISO’s market relevance,

strengthening ISO’s international influence and institutional

recognition,

promoting the ISO system and its standards,

optimizing the use of resources, and

supporting national standards bodies in developing countries.


Portfolio of ISO standards and draft International Standardsby technical sector as of end 2001

International Standards

DIS/FDIS

Engineering technologies

Health, safety and environment

Generalities, infrastructures and sciences

Special technologies

Construction

Materials technologies

Agriculture andfood technology

Transport and distribution of goods

Electronics, information technology andtelecommunications

23,7 %

4,3 %

12,9 %

14,6 %

28,5 %

5,0 %

9,1 %

0,6 %2,2 %

28,5 %

6,4 %

10,6 %

15,0 %

23,6 %

4,0 %

9,0 %

0,9 %2,0 %

Annual production

Standards publilshed

Number of pages

813 new and revised InternationalStandards in 2001

ISO’s total portfolio as of end 2001 : 13 544 International Standards

49 795 pages in 2001

ISO’s total output of pages as of end 2001 : 430 608 pages in English and French (terminology is also often provided in otherlanguages).


ISO’s structure

POLICY DEVELOPMENT

COMMITTEES(PDCs)

Conformity assessment

(CASCO)

Consumer policy(COPOLCO)

Developing country matters

(DEVCO)

COUNCILSTANDING

COMMITTEES

Finance

Strategies

AD HOCADVISORY

GROUPS

GENERALASSEMBLY

Annual business meeting

All ISO members

COUNCIL*

Organizational governance

Principal officers and 18 elected

members

CENTRALSECRETARIAT

Member services

Secretariats for General Assembly,

Council, PDCs and Technical

Management Board

Support services for technical

committees and subcommittees

Publications

Information and promotion

Programme fordeveloping countries

TECHNICAL MANAGEMENTBOARD

Overall management of technical committeeand subcommittee structure

Establishment and dissolution of technical committees

Delineation of technical committees’scopes

Coordination issues

Appeals

Committee on reference materials (REMCO)

TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUPS

TECHNICAL COMMITTEES

*Council members in 2001

ABNT (Brazil)AFNOR (France) ANSI (USA) BOBS (Botswana) BSI (United Kingdom) CSBTS (China) DIN (Germany) DS (Denmark)EOS (Egypt) GOST R (Russian Federation) JBS (Jamaica)JISC (Japan) NSF (Norway)SASO (Saudi Arabia)SII (Israel)SNZ (New Zealand)TCVN (Viet Nam)UNI (Italy)


Principal officersMario CortopassiPresident – Brazil

has been re-appointed as ISO Vice-President(policy) for a second term of office, 2000-2001.He is Chairman of the JISC Council for ISO and Executive Advisor to the JapaneseStandards Association (JSA). He served asChairman of the ISO Technical Committee onsteel from 1981 to 1995; since 1986, he has been very active serving as representative of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee

(JISC) on ISO governance bodiesand managerial ad hoc groups. Mr. Aoki has made many contribu-tions to the research and industrialstandardization activities in theJapanese iron and steel industry;he worked for more than 30 yearsfor the Nippon Steel Corporation inmanagerial positions and has honorary permanent membershipin the Japan Iron and SteelInstitute.

Akira AokiVice-President (policy) – Japan

has been elected ISO President for a two-yearterm as from 1 January 2001. A trained chemist,he is a successful industrialist in the textile andsynthetic fibre industries. As a professional actingon projects and production, Mr. Cortopassi hasbeen a member of many technological, industrialand business groups, having also chaired some

of them. He has been activelyinvolved in standardization over a period of 30 years.

has been appointed as Vice-President (technical management) for the 2000-2001 term.As such, he also fills the position of Chairman of the Technical Management Board. He hasbeen Chief Executive and Managing Director of Standards Australia International sinceFebruary 1996. Before joining SAI, he held positions in business, banking and public

services in Australia for over 25 years, serving in particular as a corporate and economic advisor,as well as in health services management at metropolitan andstate levels. He is currently a member of the board of QualityAssurance Services, of AQQA Ltd.-London (UK), and of LoomisSaylas Australia.

Ross WraightVice-President (technical management) –Australia

has been re-appointed as ISO Treasurer for asecond term of office, 1999-2001. He is currentlyPresident of Amsler & Bombeli S.A., a civil engi-neering and geotechnics firm, which he foundedin Geneva in 1979. Mr. Amsler has a strong background in engineering, which he acquiredboth in Switzerland and abroad, as well as broadexperience in executive-level management.

Pierre AmslerTreasurer – Switzerland

has held this post since 1986, having joined ISOin 1980 as Assistant Secretary-General. Prior tothis he held executive-level positions in the USAat the National Bureau of Standards, now theNational Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST), including Director of the Office ofEngineering Standards. He has a broad back-ground in academia and in research, specializingin physical chemistry.

Lawrence D. EicherSecretary-General


Membership

At the end of 2001, ISO’s worldwidemembership comprised the principal standards organizations of 141 countries.

Of these, 92 were member bodies,which are entitled to participate andexercise full voting rights within ISO.

ISO also counted 37 correspondentmembers. These are usually organizationsin countries that do not yet have a fullydeveloped national standards activity.Correspondent members do not take anactive part in ISO’s technical work andhave no voting rights, but are entitled toattend meetings as observers and to bekept fully informed about the work of interest to them.

In addition, ISO had 12 subscribermembers. These are from countries withvery small economies. They pay reducedmembership fees that nevertheless allowthem to be in contact with internationalstandardization.

Algeria (IANOR) Argentina

(IRAM) Armenia (SARM)

Australia (SAI) Austria (ON)

Bangladesh (BSTI)

Barbados (BNSI) Belarus

(BELST) Belgium (IBN)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

(BASMP) Botswana (BOBS)

Brazil (ABNT) Bulgaria

(BDS) Canada (SCC) Chile (INN)

China (CSBTS) Colombia

(ICONTEC) Costa Rica (INTECO)

Croatia (DZNM) Cuba (NC)

Cyprus (CYS) Czech Republic (CSNI)

Denmark (DS) Ecuador (INEN)

Egypt (EOS) Ethiopia (QSAE)

Finland (SFS) France (AFNOR)

Germany (DIN) Ghana (GSB)

Greece (ELOT) Hungary (MSZT)

Iceland (IST) India (BIS)

Indonesia (BSN) Iran, Islamic

Republic of (ISIRI) Iraq (COSQC)

Ireland (NSAI) Israel (SII)

Italy (UNI) Jamaica (JBS)

Japan (JISC) Kazakhstan

(KAZMEMST) Kenya (KEBS)

Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of

(CSK) Korea, Republic of (KATS)

Kuwait (KOWSMD) Libyan

Arab Jamahiriya (LNCSM)

Luxembourg (SEE) Malaysia (DSM)

Malta (MSA) Mauritius (MSB)

Mexico (DGN) Mongolia(MNCSM)

Morocco (SNIMA) Netherlands

(NEN) New Zealand (SNZ)

Nigeria (SON) Norway (NSF)

Pakistan (PSQCA) Panama (COPANIT)

Philippines (BPS) Poland (PKN)

Portugal (IPQ) Romania (ASRO)

Russian Federation (GOST R)

Saudi Arabia (SASO) Singapore

(PSB) Slovakia (SUTN)

Slovenia (SIST) South Africa (SABS)

Spain (AENOR) Sri Lanka (SLSI)

Sweden (SIS) Switzerland (SNV)

Syrian Arab Republic (SASMO)

Tanzania, United Republic of (TBS)

Thailand (TISI) The Former

Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (ZSM)

Trinidad and Tobago (TTBS)

Tunisia (INNORPI) Turkey (TSE)

Ukraine (DSTU) United Arab

Emirates (SSUAE) United Kingdom

(BSI) Uruguay (UNIT) USA (ANSI)

Uzbekistan (UZGOST)

Venezuela (FONDONORMA)

Viet Nam (TCVN) Yugoslavia (SZS)

Zimbabwe (SAZ)

Memberbodies


Albania (DPS) Azerbaijan

(AZGOST) Bahrain (BSMD)

Bolivia (IBNORCA)

Brunei Darussalam (CPRU)

Cameroon (CCNQ)

Congo, the Democratic

Republic of (OCC)

Côte d’Ivoire (CODINORM)

El Salvador (CONACYT)

Estonia (EVS) Guatemala

(COGUANOR) Honduras (COHCIT)

Hong Kong, China (ITCHKSAR)

Jordan (JISM) Kyrgyzstan

(KYRGYZST) Latvia (LVS)

Lebanon (LIBNOR) Lithuania (LST)

Macau, China (CPTTM)

Madagascar (BNM) Malawi (MBS)

Moldova, Republic of (MOLDST)

Mozambique (INNOQ) Namibia

(NSIQO) Nepal (NBSM)

Nicaragua (DTNM) Oman (DGSM)

Papua New Guinea (NISIT)

Paraguay (INTN) Peru (INDECOPI)

Qatar (QS) Rwanda (ORN)

Saint Lucia (SLBS) Seychelles

(SBS) Sudan (SSMO)

Turkmenistan (MSIT) Uganda

(UNBS)

Benin (CEBENOR)

Burkina Faso (FASONORM)

Cambodia (ISC)

Comoros (CSNQ)

Dominica (DBOS)

Dominican Republic

(DIGENOR) Fiji (FTSQCO)

Grenada (GDBS)

Guyana (GNBS) Lesotho

(LSQAS) Mali (MLIDNI)

Palestine (PASI)

ABNT (Brazil) 4 5AENOR (Spain) 8 6AFNOR (France) 85 188ANSI (USA) 136 471ASRO (Romania) 1 –BIS (India) 8 3BSI (United Kingdom) 106 328CSBTS (China) 6 13CSNI (Czech Republic) 1 2DIN (Germany) 124 360DS (Denmark) 8 33DSM (Malaysia) 2 2ELOT (Greece) 1 2GOST R (Russian Federation) 15 11IBN (Belgium) 4 27ICONTEC (Colombia) 1 1IPQ (Portugal) 3 8ISIRI (Iran, Islamic Rep.of) 3 2JISC (Japan) 36 110KATS (Republic of Korea) 5 4MSZT (Hungary) 1 1NEN (Netherlands) 19 72NSAI (Ireland) – 5NSF (Norway) 19 35ON (Austria) 3 9PKN (Poland) 5 4PSB (Singapore) – 2SABS (South Africa) 7 1SAI (Australia) 15 48SCC (Canada) 21 64SFS (Finland) 3 10SII (Israel) 3 2SIS (Sweden) 28 100SNV (Switzerland) 20 33SNZ (New Zealand) 2 3SUTN (Slovakia) 1 –TISI (Thailand) – 2TSE (Turkey) 3 –UNI (Italy) 17 35

Corres-pondentmembers

Subscribermembers

ISO member bodies’ contribution to the standards process

Member body

Num

ber o

fse

cret

aria

ts(T

C/SC

)

Num

ber o

fco

nven

or-

ship

s (W

G)


Financial statement

Evolution of revenue 1997- 2001

Evolution of assets 1997- 2001

Evolution of expenditure 1997- 2001

Evolution of general fund and provision for specific projects 1997- 2001

Other services

Royalties

Sales of publications

Membership subscriptions

Liquid and current assets

Long term assets

Fixed assets

29 905 29 67128 201

27 60128 387

29 745 29 09327 881 27 407

29 248

15 73216 271 16 940 16 992

16 234

12 728 12 92613 707

14 221

13 290

Investments*Consumables

Salaries

Provisions for specific projects

General fund

*New amortizationpolicyapplied in1999

Liabilities

kCHF

kCHF

kCHF

kCHF

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