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The English The English Renaissance Renaissance 1485-1625

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Page 1: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The English RenaissanceThe English Renaissance

1485-1625

Page 2: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The TudorsThe Tudors

In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England.

Page 3: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The TudorsThe Tudors

For the next one hundred and eighteen years (from 1485-1603), the Tudor family ruled over England.

The ascension of the Tudors marked the beginning of an unparalleled time of prosperity and artistic creativity, known as the English Renaissance.

Page 4: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Tudor MonarchsThe Tudor Monarchs

Henry VII (1485-1509)

Page 5: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Tudor MonarchsThe Tudor Monarchs

Henry VII (1485-1509)Henry VIII (1509-1547)

Page 6: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Tudor MonarchsThe Tudor Monarchs

Henry VII (1485-1509)Henry VIII (1509-1547)Edward VI (1547-1553)

Page 7: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Tudor MonarchsThe Tudor Monarchs

Henry VII (1485-1509)Henry VIII (1509-1547)Edward VI (1547-1553)Mary I (1553-1558)

Page 8: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Tudor MonarchsThe Tudor Monarchs

Henry VII (1485-1509)Henry VIII (1509-1547)Edward VI (1547-1553)Mary I (1553-1558)Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

Page 9: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Elizabeth IElizabeth I Queen Elizabeth’s reign,

which saw the English defeat of the famed Spanish Armada in 1588, and the rise of England as the most dominant European power, is so legendary that the entire era is often referred to as the Elizabethan Era.

Page 10: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Elizabethan EraElizabethan Era

Some of the greatest writers in English literature emerged during the Elizabethan Era, including . . .

Page 11: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Sir Edmund SpenserSir Edmund Spenser1552-15991552-1599

Known for great sonnets (fourteen line, iambic pentameter, lyric poems), and his master epic, The Faerie Queene.

Page 12: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Sir Phillip SidneySir Phillip Sidney(1554-1586)(1554-1586)

Responsible for the first English sonnet sequence (a collection of sonnets that, when put together, tell a narrative story), Astrophel and Stella.

Page 13: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Christopher MarloweChristopher Marlowe(1564-1593)(1564-1593)

A brilliant young dramatist, killed before his time; during his short life, he wrote such plays as Doctor Faustus and Tamburlaine.

Page 14: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare(1564-1616)(1564-1616)

Considered perhaps the greatest writer in the history of the English language, Shakespeare wrote over 150 sonnets and nearly 40 plays, including Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream.

Page 15: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Jacobean EraThe Jacobean Era

The late Renaissance (1603-1625) is often referred to as the Jacobean Era, from “Jacobus,” the Latin for “James.”

Page 16: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Jacobean EraThe Jacobean Era

In 1603, Elizabeth I’s cousin, James VI of Scotland, succeeded her to become James I of England.

Page 17: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Jacobean EraThe Jacobean Era

James I ruled England for twenty-two years, during which English colonization of North America accelerated (with the establishment of Jamestown in 1607, and the pilgrim colony at Plymouth Rock in 1620).

Page 18: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The King James I BibleThe King James I Bible

A newfound sense of English nationalism led James I to commission an English translation of the Bible.

Though the Bible had been translated from Latin to English in the past, James’ team of scholars reviewed the original sources, as well as translations, in an attempt to create a definitive edition.

Page 19: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The King James I BibleThe King James I Bible

The result: one of the most quoted and recognized works in English.

Page 20: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Renaissance World ViewThe Renaissance World View

One reoccurring theme in English Renaissance literature is the belief that the universe was ordered and perfect, a reflection of the purity of creation.

Page 21: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Perfect HarmonyPerfect Harmony

During the Renaissance, most people believed that the universe was constructed of perfect spheres.

The earth was a perfect sphere at the center of creation, as were the heavenly bodies, which orbited the earth in perfect circles.

Page 22: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Perfect HarmonyPerfect Harmony

Surrounding the universe was a great crystalline shell, the rotation of which moved all of the heavenly bodies.

Page 23: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Perfect HarmonyPerfect Harmony

Notions of this harmonious existence were challenged, however, by astronomers like Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), who argued that the earth orbited around the sun, and not the other way around.

Page 24: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Great Chain of BeingThe Great Chain of Being

The English also subscribed to the theory of the “Great Chain of Being,” a philosophical view of the universe in which every living thing is ordered in a linear hierarchy.

Page 25: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The Great Chain of BeingThe Great Chain of Being

That is to say, that the King was higher on the chain than the Queen, who was higher than a nobleman, who was higher than a noblewoman, and so on.

Therefore, a king was said to be like a god on earth, a father the king of a household, etc.

Page 26: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Philosophy in ArtPhilosophy in Art Notice how, in this

picture of Elizabeth I, her beauty, power, and divine right to rule are suggested by the use of perfect circles, representing her connection to the perfection of the universe (she would have been quite flattered!).

Page 27: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

A Female MonarchA Female Monarch

However, many were convinced during the reigns of Mary I and Elizabeth I that allowing a woman to rule over the men of England was improper, because it violated the order of the great chain.

Elizabeth I angered many of her critics by refusing to marry, knowing that to do so would mean abdicating her power, as the ruler of England, to a husband.

Page 28: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Themes in the LiteratureThemes in the Literature

Much of the literature of the Renaissance reflects the growing philosophical conflicts between social groups in England.

– Catholics vs. Protestent Reformers– Geocentricism vs. Heliocentricism– Puritans vs. Progressives– Supporters of the Tudors vs. Dissenters

These social conflicts would lead to all out civil war in England in the mid-1600’s.

Page 29: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

Themes in the LiteratureThemes in the Literature Common themes in the literature include:

– Male vs. Female rule (Patriarchy vs. Matriarchy)

– The Divine Right to Rule (and those who would attack it)

– Traditional Values vs. Youthful Rebellion

– Preordained Fate vs. Free Will

– Romantic Love vs. Bonding Based on Social Contracts

Page 30: The English Renaissance 1485-1625. The Tudors In 1485, Henry Tudor united the Lancaster and the York families, and became Henry VII, King of England

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

The Renaissance (or re-birth) marked the beginning of modern English literature: from the relative darkness of the long Medieval period emerged the light of a distinct, unique English culture, which produced poetry and drama that is as important and influential today as when it was first written, four hundred years ago.