the earth’s lithosphere
TRANSCRIPT
THE EARTH’S LITHOSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
- lithos for "rocky“- Sphaira for “sphere”- The outermost shell of a
rocky planet defined on the basis of the mechanical properties.
THE LITHOSPHERE IS SOLID AND HARD BECAUSE IT IS MADE OF ROCKS. ROCKS MAY BE COMPOSED OF A SINGLE MINERAL OR GROUP OF MINERALS.
ROCKS
ROCKS ARE HARD AND SOLID. THESE PROPERTIES MAINTAIN THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH DESPIRE THE MULTITUDE OF FORCES ACTING ON IT.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANITE RHYOLITE SCORIA ANDESITE OBSIDIAN GABBRO BASALT
IGNEOUS ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE FORMED FROM MOLTEN MATERIALS CALLED MAGMA THAT CRYSTALLIZE FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME.
TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
GRANITE ROCKS
It is composed of four minerals: quartz, feldspar, amphibole, and mica. It is light in color and phaneritic in texture.
RHYOLITE ROCKS
The fine-grained equivalent of granite. Light gray to pinkish in color.
SCORIA ROCKS
Volcanic rock is composed of many holes. The holes are formed when gases escape as magma solidifies.
ANDESITE ROCKS
Porphytic igneous rock is abundant at the base of the Andes Mountain Ranges.
OBSIDIAN rocks
IGNEOUS ROCK APPEARING AS A CHUNK OF SYNTHETIC GLASS.
GABBRO rocks
Dark, coarse grained equivalent of basalt
BASALT rocks
Dark in color, fine grained, hard and denser than granite, this rock forms the ocean floor.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Sedimentary rocks are formed from small particles like weathering and erosion.
TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
SANDSTONE
Sandstone is part of the sedimentary rock family. Quartz is what sandstone is made up of. They are made, when the wind or water, moves the sand in.
CONGLOMERATE ROCKS
It is a rock consisting of individual clasts within a finer-grained matrix that have become cemented together.
SHALE ROCKS
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.
LIMESTONE ROCKS
It is composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate.
LIGNITE ROCKS
is a soft brown combustible sedimentary rock that is formed from naturally compressed peat.
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE ROCKS THAT CHEMICALLY CHANGED IN FORM, STRUCTURE, AND COMPOSITION UNDER GREAT HEAT AND PRESSURE.
TYPES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS
GNEISS ROCKS
a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks.
SLATE ROCKS
fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism.
MARBLE ROCKS
a non-foliated metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.
ANTHRACITE ROCKS
a hard, compact variety of mineral coal that has a highluster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest calorific content of all types of coal.