the early midle ages
TRANSCRIPT
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Medieval Medieval EuropeEurope
(500 – 1500)(500 – 1500)
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The Middle Ages or Medieval Europe is the
1,000 year period after the fall of Rome and before the
Renaissance.
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I. Geography:A. Europe is on the western end of Eurasia.
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B. Natural Resources:
• Dense forests• Fertile soil• Rich minerals• Seas
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Fall of Rome
Dark Ages in W. Europe
Tribal Warfare
Money is no longer used
Cities disappeared
Advances made by Greece & Rome forgotten
Trade collapsed
No central gov’t
Weak local gov’ts
Literacy declined
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A. Farmers and herders1. No written laws 2. Divided W. Europe into small
kingdoms
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Not these Franks!
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B. The Franks
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1. The most powerful Germanic tribe in Gaul, or present-day France.
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2. Clovis
• King of the Franks
• He converted to Christianity
• The Roman Catholic Church becomes his ally (supporter)
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3. The Battle of Tours- In 732 CE, the Franks defeated the Muslims in
Spain.
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• This stopped Muslims from advancing into W. Europe.
DON’T WRITE THIS
Christians did not want Islam to spread into Europe, even though they learned science and math from Arab Muslims.
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C. Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
1. In 800 CE, he became king of the Franks2. Pope Leo III named him emperor
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3. His empire united Europe.
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4. Legacy• He spread Christianity• He blended Christian, Roman and German
traditions• He formed an efficient gov’t
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• Charlemagne tried to revive learning
• He set up schools to educate officials and children.
Edumacation!
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Curriculums, or formal courses of study, included reading, grammar, math, music, and astronomy.
Don’t write this!
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D. New Attacks1. After Charlemagne’s death in 814 CE, Muslims, Magyars and Vikings attacked.
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Peace Out, Charlemagne!
When Charlemagne died in 814, his empire fell apart as his heirs fought over it.
Don’t write this!
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2. 843 CE- The Treaty of Verdun divided the empire into three kingdoms.
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3. This became the Holy Roman Empire.
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Life in Medieval Life in Medieval EuropeEurope
(500 – 1500 CE)(500 – 1500 CE)
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I. Political A. Feudalism- A political system which exchanges land for military
service.
– King gives lord (vassal) a fief (land). In exchange, the lord (vassal) gives the king his loyalty and protection when needed.
– Lords gradually became more powerful than kings as they acquired more land.
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King or lord
Required to give:
-Fief (land)
Feudalism
Vassal or lord
Required to give:
-loyalty
-military service
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B. Social• Kings and Lords were at the top of
the social hierarchy.
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• Knights- mounted warriors–Chivalry- code of conduct for knights –be brave, loyal, polite
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• Feudal lords battled constantly for power and land
• By the 1100’s, fighting declined so lords held tournaments (fake battles) to entertain people.
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• Serfs- peasants who worked the lord’s land –They could not leave without permission
–They paid the lord rent in food and labor (no $$) for use of the land and protection.
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DON’T WRITE THIS!
• Role of Women
– Noblewomen managed the household and were in change when men were away.
– Rights:• Received a limited inheritance
• Arranged marriages, expected to have many kids
• Few knew how to read and write
• Chivalry raised women to a new status. They were protected and cherished.
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C. EconomicManorialism-
an economy where land, not money, is the basis of wealth
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Manor- the lord’s estate including the town, peasant houses, church, and fields- It was self-sufficient, which led to a decline
in trade
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• Three-field system- two fields planted, one left fallow fallow (empty) to regain fertility
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Europe was isolated BUT, there were advanced civilizations in the Middle East, South Asia, and China!