The Early DØ Papers

May 16, 2012

Collaboration Dinner

DØ was set into motion in July 1983, and its design was established in 1984. The next five years were largely devoted to validating the design. This led to a series of limited authorship papers based on test beam results.

“Hadron showers and muon trajectories in thick absorber from 25 to 150 GeV/c” (NIM 1986) - measure hadron punchthrough, link tracks before and after “calorimeter” and after “toroid”, and momentum resolution. (“calorimeter” and “toroid” were chunks of iron)

“Hadron & electron response in U LAr calorimeter 10–150 GeV” (NIM 1988) ) - study absorber geometry, energy resolution etc. for CC

“Hadron & electron response of U LAr calorimeter modules” (NIM 1989) - prototype module tests for CCEM and ECMH; resolutions, dealing with HV discharges, methane doping etc.

“Design, construction, and performance of the ECEM module” (NIM 1993) – test beam performance of ECEM

Not published, but we recorded the first p-pbar collision events in the DØ Hall with a ‘premod’ test of the central drift chamber modules in 1988.

Early limited authorship papers

The first 7 publications by the full collaboration:

1. “Beam tests of the D0 uranium liquid argon end calorimeters” (NIM 1993)

The ECEM, ECIH and a token ECOH module were tested in a rotating cryostat measuring energy resolution, e/ ratios and calibration, cryogenics, LAr purity, stability studied.

We decided that this paper involved most of the D0 systems so made it the first full collaboration paper:

260 authors

2. “The DØ Detector” (NIM 1994)

The full description of the detector, electronics, software as built, with performance results from tests.

Top cite 100+

Top cite 500+ (someone other than D0 has cited this paper??)

(Corresponding author: J. Womersley)

(P. Grannis)

Roll-in completed detector Feb. 14, 1992.

First collisions on May 12.

Declared publication quality data in August.

DOE Tiger Teams were visiting FNAL at the time (safety police), so the champagne celebration was held at 11PM in DAB.

Then come the physics publications:

3. “First generation leptoquark search” (PRL, Feb. 1994)

The first of ~200 searches for something not found.

4. “Search for the top quark” (PRL, Apr. 1994) 15 pb-1

The only search paper that presaged a discovery, setting the last limit ever on top mass > 131 GeV.

Found event 417 (eMET+2.5jets): “kinematically consistent with ttbar production” M (145 – 200 GeV)

Top cite 50+

Top cite 250+

(N. Hadley)

(B. Klima)

5. “Rapidity gaps between jets” (PRL Apr. 1994)

Demonstrating the existence of hard diffraction and exploiting DØ’s excellent calorimetry at small angles.

6. “Search for high mass top quark production’’ (PRL March 1995)

13.9 pb Updated analysis stimulated by CDF ‘evidence’, with comparable sensitivity. Detailed the use of A and HT for topological identification. Found a non-significant excess of events (2.7% probability for Bknd only), which if interpreted as 180 GeV top gives = 8.2±5.1 pb.

Top cite 100+

Top cite 100+ multijet Wjets

Datatop

(A. Brandt)

(H. Greenlee)

7. “Observation of the top quark” (PRL Apr. 1995)

The first of DØ’s legacy papers – not bad for the 7th publication.

2 jet vs. 3 jet mass

17 events (Bknd = 3.79±0.55) p=2x10-6

M = 199 GeV

= 6.4±2.2 pb (at M=199)

+19 -22

Top cite 1000+

topbknd dataLoose selection

Tight selection

(H. Greenlee)

Two contrasting trends …

The author list is slowly shrinking – the March 18 list had 394 authors.

The number of papers inexorably grows, as we now go above 400 papers.

I congratulate us all that at last we have achieved more than one paper per author!

But this cheats …

At peak, we had > 600 authors, so still a way to go. And never mind that there have been ~1500 D0 collaborators over time.

In fact, most HEP collaborations never reach this equality, even in the days of small experiments (and even fewer publications per author). Will the LHC experiments ever reach this plateau?