The Days of Rebirth: Women Composers Living Through the Events and Society of the Renaissance Era (1450-1600)

1450: Battle of Formigny, Mocha in south-western Arabia becomes main port for coffee export,Vatican Library founded

see: The Hundred Years War

1451: Glasgow University founded

1452: Metal plates are used for printing

1453:

*England loses Continental possessions (excluding Calais)

*Battle of Castillon: English driven from France; Turks capture Constantinople and kill Emperor Constantine XI, end of the Byzantine Empire

(see "The Hundred Years War" link above)

ca. 1455: Gutenberg, first printed Bible

1455-1487: Wars of the Roses, England (see "The Hundred Years War" link above)

1464: Scot. Parliament decrees that "fute-ball and golfe not to be used"

1467-1477: Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgandy

1471-1528: Albrecht Dürer, German artist (see his artwork)

1474-1539: Isabella d'Este, "First Lady of the Renaissance"

1477:

*Death of Charles the Bold (last duke of Burgandy) in Battle of Nancy

*Burgandy becomes part of the Austrian Empire

*First book printed in England: William Caxton's Dicets and Sayings of the Philosophers

*Sandro Boticelli (1444-1510), Primavera

*Johannes Tinctoris, Liber de arte contrapuncti

ca. 1477-1576: Titian (painter)

1478: Ferdinand and Isabella establish Inquisition (second link)

***1479: Marriage of Ferdinand V of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

1478-1535: Sir Thomas More

***1516: Utopia published

***1536: executed (read about: the trial)

more on More

1480-1530: Margaret of Austria (granddaughter to Charles the Bold)

***1497: marries Prince John of Aragon (heir to Spanish throne);

widowed

***1501: marries Duke Philibert II of Savoy

***1504: widowed

***1508-1530: regent of the Netherlands

ca. 1480-1530: Anna von Köln

1485:

*Battle of Bosworth, death of Richard III, Wars of the Roses ends

*Henry Tudor crowned King of England (Henry VII)

ca. 1485: Botticelli, The Birth of Venus

1487: Bartholomew Diaz sails around the southern tip of Africa

1491-1492: Siege of Granada: Christian Spanish capture Granada in Spain from Muslims

1492: Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) arrives in the new world (Bahamas)

1493:

*Columbus'second journey to Caribbean

*Maximilian I becomes Austrian Emperor

1495-1498: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) paints his Last Supper in the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

1497-98: Vasco da Gamba finds sea route to India

1498-1450: Columbus' third voyage to Trinidad and coast of South America

1499: Amerigo Vespucci and Alonso Hojeda sail to mouth of Amazon River

c. 1500: Italian Renaissance: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1520); Botticelli   (1444-1510);

Machiavelli (1468-1527)

1500: Peter Henlein invented the pocket watch (Nuremburg)

1501: Ottaviano Petrucci (1466-1539) publishes first printed book of music in Venice entitled Harmonice musices Odhecaton A

1501-1502: Amerigo Vespucci sails along coast of South America

1501-1504: Michelangelo (1475-1564) sculpts the statue David

ca. 1502: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) paints Mona Lisa

1502-1504: Columbus' fourth and final voyage to Honduras and Panama

1507: Margaret of Austria appointed Regent of the Netherlands

ca. 1507-1536: Anne Boleyn (Queen of England; English lutenist and singer)

***1514-1522: educated at the French Court

*** January 25, 1533: married Henry VIII

*** May 19, 1536: executed

1508-1512: Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

1509: Accession of Henry VIII (King of England)

1515: Battle of Marignano

1516:

*Charles V (1500-1556) becomes Emperor of Austria and Spain (greatest empire in the world)

1517: Martin Luther's Wittenberg Theses; beginning of the Reformation

1521: Martin Luther outlawed

1525-1594: Palestrina (click here for picture)

***1554: first masses published

1529: Turkish Siege of Vienna

1530: Madrigali novi, Rome: first publication to use the term "madrigal"

1532-1594: Orlando di Lasso

1533-1603: Queen Elizabeth I

***1558: accession to throne, reigned 45 years

1534: Henry VIII breaks with Rome

1534-1539: Henry VIII dissolves monasteries, sells their lands to the gentry: largest shift in ownership of property in modern history

1535-1541: Michelangelo paints the Last Judgement in the Sistine Chapel (also: the ceiling)

ca. 1540-ca. 1590: Maddalena Casulana

***1566: began career as composer

***1566: first published compositions (4 madrigals) in Il Desiderio I (a madrigal anthology)

1541: John Calvin (1509-1564) founds reformed church at Geneva

1542-1576: Isabella de' Medici Orsini

***1576: murdered by husband, Paolo Giordano Orsini, duke of Bracciano

1542: 1st edition of Geneva Psalter published

1542-1543: Portugese become first Europeans to visit Japan

1542-1587: Mary Queen of Scots

1543:  Nicholas Copernicus  (1473-1543) publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs

1544-1595: Torquato Tasso, poet

1545-1551: First Council of Trent

***1562: begins discussions of Music

1545: beginning of Counter-Reformation

1547: Heinrich Glareanus, Dodecachordon

1549: English Book of Common Prayer

1552-1599: Edmund Spenser

***1590: The Faerie Queen published (books 1-3)/ 1596: books 1-6)

1553-1558: Mary Tudor (1516-1558), Queen of England (reign)

***1554: marries Philip of Spain

1555: Peace of Augsburg: legalized the Lutheran-Roman Catholic split in Germany