THE CONFLICT IN DARFUR: SUDAN

WHY IS DARFUR IN A STATE OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCY?

A. ETHNIC HATRED

B. OIL

C. DESERTIFICATION

ETHNICITIES

• NORTH SUDAN: Ethnically Arab and religiously Muslim

• SOUTH SUDAN: Ethnically black and religiously Christian

• WESTERN SUDAN (DARFUR): Ethnically black and religiously Muslim (made up of many tribes)

ETHNIC HATRED• ARABIC & PALER SKIN: Superior and more advanced

• NORTH SUDAN (President: Omar-Al-Bashir):-Looks down on black people (Abid or slave)-Capital: Khartoum: founded as a slave market

• DARFUR: SLM/A and JEM vs. Sudanese military and police and the Janjaweed: Nomadic herding tribe affiliated with Arab government (ethnic tension)

OIL

• Functions as a proxy for international conflict• SOUTH SUDAN: Oil wells (oil is extracted)• NORTH SUDAN: Has the ports (sees the

payments)• 70% of oil goes to China• 2nd Sudanese War: (1983-2005): South won,

gained autonomy and independence in July, 2011

OIL

• DARFUR: left out (schools, healthcare, infrastructure)

• 2003- PRESENT: Launched a rebellion • CHINESE: Supplied military weapons• “Get the fish (rebels) by draining the sea”

(civilians)• Janjaweed: kill civilians, rape women, burn

houses

DESERTIFICATION

• HOW DID THE GOVERNMENT CONVINCE THE JANJAWEED TO TURN AGAINST THEIR OWN PEOPLE?

• Ethnic Arab herders vs. Ethnic black farmers• Sahara desert is extending:

-Not enough arable land- Not enough water to irrigate

PERFECT STORM OF MASSACRE AND DESPAIR

“THE EARTH PROVIDES ENOUGH FOR MAN’S NEED BUT NOT ENOUGH FOR MAN’S GREED.”

~ Gandhi