the cell theory
DESCRIPTION
The Cell Theory. Hairy T-cell. Definition. = Three part theory about cells 1. All living things are made of cells. Part 2 of the Theory. 2. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Part 3 of the Theory. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. yeast cells dividing. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Hairy T-cell
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Definition
= Three part theory about cells
1. All living things are made of cells.
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Part 2 of the Theory
2. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
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Part 3 of the Theory
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
yeast cells dividing
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Who came up with this theory?
1. Schleiden (circa 1838) All plants are made of cells!
Onion skin cells
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2. Schwann
Who came up with this theory?All animals are made of cells!
Human red blood cells
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Who came up with this theory?
3. Virchow
All cells come from
pre-existing cells!
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How big are cells?• Microscopic
(mostly)• Measured in
microns µm • (micrometers).
• A µm is one millionth of a meter =
• 10-9 m = one thousandth of 1 mm.
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How big are cells?
Smallest free-living cell = Mycoplasma genitalium
Size = 0.2 to 0.3 µm
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How big are cells?
• Bacteria e.g. Eschericia coli (aka E.coli)• Size=1 µm by 3 µm
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How big are cells?
• Human red blood cell = 8 µm in diameter
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How big are cells?
• Largest cell on the human body =
ovum• Size= • 1000 µm in
diameter (1 mm)
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How big are cells?
• Smallest cell in the human body = sperm cell.
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How big are cells?
• Largest cell with a metabolism =
Chaos chaos Size=1-5 mm in
length. common name = Giant Amoeba
Chaos diffluens, is an amoeba closely related to the giant amoebae
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How big are cells?
• Largest cell = yolk of an ostrich egg
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Ostrich, egg, humans
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Ostrich emerged from egg
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How can we study cells?
Problem:They are microscopic!
Solution:Use a microscope!
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Types of Microscopes
1. Compound light microscope
– Light passes through lenses to magnify image up to 1000X
– Can observe living cells
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Types of Microscopes
2. Electron microscope
– Uses a beam of electrons to magnify image
> 1000X– Kills cells being
observed
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Common features of all cellsSmall size – allows materials to move via
diffusion• Diffusion = process by which
molecules move from levels of high concentration to levels of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
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Diffusion• Google Image Result for http://www.indian
a.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/lecgraphics/diffusion.gif
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Common features of all cells
1. Cell Membrane – selectively/differentially permeable (lets some things in and out)
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Common features of all cells
2. Cytoplasm – semi-fluid material in which cell organelles float
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Common features of all cells
3. Nucleic acid containing genetic code :
Which nucleic acid?
DNA
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Common features of all cells
4. Cytoskeleton – proteins that support the cell
(Microtubules &
microfilaments)
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Common features of all cells
5. Ribosomes – make
proteins
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If Cells could be really big ……
Star Trek - The Immunity Syndrome
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Bibliography
• http://www.hotlinecancer.com/?cat=28• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4636121.stm• http://www.thebacteriabusters.com/eColi.html• http://www.lungcancer.co.uk/how.htm• http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/red.html• http://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa091400a.htm• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/babies/peopleevents/e_ovum.html• http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Animals/Birds/Growth-and-Development/Ostrich/
Ostrich/Ostrich-15.html• http://www.flickr.com/photos/71751551@N00/1262329163/• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Ostrich_egg.jpg• http://www.mambalam.net/slideshow.php?set_albumName=Animalia• http://strangebenevolent.blogspot.com/2007/07/meerkats-and-ostriches.html
•www.madsci.org/posts/archives/dec97/878139903.Cb.r.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba_proteus• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Immunity_Syndrome_(Star_Trek
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Bibliography• http://www.pacpress.com/level3/micron.htm• Google Image Result for
http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/lecgraphics/diffusion.gif
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Diffusion.jpg
• http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/cell_membranes.html
• http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/e/ribosomes/
• http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/580DNA.html• http://sciencecity.oupchina.com.hk/biology/student/glossary/cytoplasm.asp• http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect06.htm