The Catholic Church The Catholic Church splitssplits

Russian Empire Russian Empire EmergesEmerges

Chapter 11Chapter 11

Byzantium Becomes the Byzantium Becomes the New RomeNew Rome

A New Rome in a New SettingA New Rome in a New Setting Constantinople – new capital of the Constantinople – new capital of the

New RomeNew Rome– The Absolute Power of the EmperorsThe Absolute Power of the Emperors

Emperors headed state and churchEmperors headed state and church Dismissed bishops at will.Dismissed bishops at will. Power was absolute, but political not Power was absolute, but political not

spiritual.spiritual.

Building the New RomeBuilding the New Rome

Justinian, the emperor, set up a Justinian, the emperor, set up a panel of 10 legal experts to panel of 10 legal experts to regulate the complex society. They regulate the complex society. They combed through many laws to combed through many laws to create Justiniancreate Justinian’’s code.s code.

Creating the Imperial CapitalCreating the Imperial Capital– Justinian rebuilt ConstantinopleJustinian rebuilt Constantinople– Enlarged palace complex, built schools, Enlarged palace complex, built schools,

aqueducts, hospitals.aqueducts, hospitals.

Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

meaning meaning ““Holy WisdomHoly Wisdom”” in Greek in Greek a domed monument originally built a domed monument originally built

as a cathedral in Constantinople as a cathedral in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in the sixth (now Istanbul, Turkey) in the sixth century A.D.century A.D.

In its 1,400 year life-span it has In its 1,400 year life-span it has served as a cathedral, mosque and served as a cathedral, mosque and now a museum. now a museum.

The church DividesThe church Divides

Split between Rome and Split between Rome and ConstantinopleConstantinople

– Controversy over use of icons – banned by Controversy over use of icons – banned by Byzantine Emperor Leo III, but sanctioned Byzantine Emperor Leo III, but sanctioned by the Roman church.by the Roman church.

– 1054 - the pope and the patriarch 1054 - the pope and the patriarch excommunicated (declared an outcast) excommunicated (declared an outcast) each other, over disputes on religious each other, over disputes on religious doctrine.doctrine.

– The schism (split) Christianity was The schism (split) Christianity was permanently divided between the Roman permanently divided between the Roman Catholic church in the West and the Catholic church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East.Orthodox Church in the East.

Mongol Rule in RussiaMongol Rule in Russia

Religion was toleratedReligion was tolerated IconIcon’’s gained importances gained importance Alexander Nevsky – NovgorodAlexander Nevsky – Novgorod’’s s

prince advised cooperation with the prince advised cooperation with the Mongols.Mongols.

Mongol rule cut Russia off from Mongol rule cut Russia off from Western European inventions and Western European inventions and new ideas.new ideas.