THE BRAHIMI THE BRAHIMI REPORT:REPORT:

An OverviewAn Overview

DAVID T LIGHTBURNDAVID T LIGHTBURN

CATEGORIES OF CATEGORIES OF ISSUESISSUES

– Peacekeeping - Peacekeeping - Substantive IssuesSubstantive Issues

– ProcessProcess– ResourcesResources– StructureStructure

PEACEKEEPING PEACEKEEPING ISSUESISSUES

PREVENTIVE ACTIONPREVENTIVE ACTION– Address in integrated fashionAddress in integrated fashion– More use of fact-finding missionsMore use of fact-finding missions

PEACE-BUILDINGPEACE-BUILDING– Funds – quick impactFunds – quick impact– SSR & human rightsSSR & human rights– DDR and fundingDDR and funding– Peacebuilding concept and policy at UNPeacebuilding concept and policy at UN

PEACEKEEPING DOCTRINEPEACEKEEPING DOCTRINE– Robust ROEsRobust ROEs

PROCEDURAL PROCEDURAL MATTERSMATTERS

Clear, Credible Achievable MandatesClear, Credible Achievable Mandates Transitional AdministrationTransitional Administration

– Interim Criminal CodeInterim Criminal Code Deployment Timelines (30 & 90 Days)Deployment Timelines (30 & 90 Days) Mission LeadershipMission Leadership

– List of acceptable expertsList of acceptable experts– Mission HQ trainingMission HQ training

Integrated Mission Planning & SupportIntegrated Mission Planning & Support Delegate Pk Budgeting To DPKODelegate Pk Budgeting To DPKO Better Use Of Information TechnologyBetter Use Of Information Technology

RESOURCESRESOURCES MILITARYMILITARY

– Partnerships Of Nations (SHRBRIG)Partnerships Of Nations (SHRBRIG)– Certification Of ContingentsCertification Of Contingents– 100 On-call Planners100 On-call Planners

POLICEPOLICE– National PoolsNational Pools– Regional TrainingRegional Training– 100 On-call Planners100 On-call Planners– Also For Judges, Penal, Human Rights And Also For Judges, Penal, Human Rights And

Other Ssr SpecialistsOther Ssr Specialists

RESOURCES RESOURCES (continued)(continued)

Civilian SpecialistsCivilian Specialists– Central listCentral list– Career possibilitiesCareer possibilities– Staffing strategyStaffing strategy

Public Information CapabilityPublic Information Capability LogisticsLogistics

– 5 mission start-up kits5 mission start-up kits– Increased procurement authorityIncreased procurement authority

Funding (Authority To DPKO)Funding (Authority To DPKO)

STRUCTURAL ISSUESSTRUCTURAL ISSUES Information And Strategic AnalysisInformation And Strategic Analysis Separate Military And Police In Separate Military And Police In

DpkoDpko Restructure Lessons-learned UnitRestructure Lessons-learned Unit Increase DPKO StaffIncrease DPKO Staff Place Peace-building In DPAPlace Peace-building In DPA Enhance Staff Of High Enhance Staff Of High

Commissioner For Human RightsCommissioner For Human Rights

SINGAPORE MEETING SINGAPORE MEETING ONON

“THE REFORM PROCESS “THE REFORM PROCESS OF UN PEACEKEEPING OF UN PEACEKEEPING

OPERATIONS”OPERATIONS”

SINGAPORE MEETINGSINGAPORE MEETING

Included Brahimi, Shimura, Vierra Included Brahimi, Shimura, Vierra de Mello, Coleman, senior reps de Mello, Coleman, senior reps from 3 missions from 3 missions

Excellent mix of practitioners, Excellent mix of practitioners, academics, military, politicians, academics, military, politicians, diplomats, bureaucrats, civilian diplomats, bureaucrats, civilian field expertsfield experts

REPORT ON THE REPORT ON THE MEETINGMEETING

General Reflections And CriticismsGeneral Reflections And Criticisms Peacekeeping IssuesPeacekeeping Issues Procedural IssuesProcedural Issues Resources IssuesResources Issues Structural IssuesStructural Issues Regional ViewsRegional Views Brahimi Approach Vs NATO Brahimi Approach Vs NATO

Lessons-learnedLessons-learned ConclusionsConclusions

REFLECTIONS & REFLECTIONS & RESPONSERESPONSE

CRITICISMCRITICISM– Learned and experienced – use in implementationLearned and experienced – use in implementation– Beyond scope of study – reform of UNSC; pk by Beyond scope of study – reform of UNSC; pk by

proxy; humanitarian intervention a Trojan horse proxy; humanitarian intervention a Trojan horse for developed nations to intervene in developing for developed nations to intervene in developing nations affairsnations affairs

– Issues between secretariat and nations not Issues between secretariat and nations not addressedaddressed

– Resistance to reform within UNResistance to reform within UN TERMINOLOGY – TERMINOLOGY –

– PEACE OPERATIONS – used by ReportPEACE OPERATIONS – used by Report– PEACEKEEPING – used by UNSCPEACEKEEPING – used by UNSC

REFLECTIONS & REFLECTIONS & RESPONSE (continued)RESPONSE (continued)

Other reflectionsOther reflections– Too light a treatment of Conflict Too light a treatment of Conflict

Prevention and Preventive Measures Prevention and Preventive Measures (panel mandate was peace ops)(panel mandate was peace ops)

– With more time, panel could have done With more time, panel could have done more on Gender, DDR and Peace-Buildingmore on Gender, DDR and Peace-Building

– Reform is a process just beginning; don’t Reform is a process just beginning; don’t over-analyseover-analyse

– No major troop contributors represented No major troop contributors represented on 10 person panelon 10 person panel

PEACEKEEPING ISSUESPEACEKEEPING ISSUES

Robust approach – two viewsRobust approach – two views Apply robust concept to civilian Apply robust concept to civilian

operationsoperations Police – need new concepts, policies – Police – need new concepts, policies –

as result of UNTAET and UNMIK – as result of UNTAET and UNMIK – regional like-minded groupings?regional like-minded groupings?

Need for advance planning with Need for advance planning with PartnersPartners

Problem of Development being used Problem of Development being used synonymously with Peace-buildingsynonymously with Peace-building

PEACEKEEPING ISSUESPEACEKEEPING ISSUES(continued)(continued)

Conflict Prevention - UN role Conflict Prevention - UN role important but regional actors important but regional actors are criticalare critical

““Humanitarian Intervention” Humanitarian Intervention” or “Human Rights or “Human Rights Intervention”Intervention”

PROCEDURAL ISSUESPROCEDURAL ISSUES

Information available to UNSC Information available to UNSC poorpoor

Missions hopelessly over-Missions hopelessly over-regulatedregulated

Consideration of OSCE “REACT Consideration of OSCE “REACT concept”concept”

RESOURCE ISSUESRESOURCE ISSUES

Need for well prepared and Need for well prepared and trained quality personnel trained quality personnel

Need lists of SRSGs, Need lists of SRSGs, Deputies, CIVPOL. regional Deputies, CIVPOL. regional coordinators… etccoordinators… etc

STRUCTURAL ISSUESSTRUCTURAL ISSUES

RealitiesRealities

– No Space for more staffNo Space for more staff

– Integrated Mission Task Integrated Mission Task Forces – no directors Forces – no directors available in DPA or DPKOavailable in DPA or DPKO

REGIONAL VIEWSREGIONAL VIEWS

REGIONAL MEETINGS FEB/MAR 2001REGIONAL MEETINGS FEB/MAR 2001 CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

– CRISIS OF CONFIDENCE IN UN (Brahimi CRISIS OF CONFIDENCE IN UN (Brahimi represents minimum change)represents minimum change)

– RECOMMENDATIONS ARE TECHNICAL & RECOMMENDATIONS ARE TECHNICAL & OPERATIONAL SOLUTIONS TO POLITICAL OPERATIONAL SOLUTIONS TO POLITICAL PROBLEMSPROBLEMS

– NEED FOR UN TO WORK WITH REGIONAL NEED FOR UN TO WORK WITH REGIONAL ORGANISATONS (greater role for regions)ORGANISATONS (greater role for regions)

– NEED MORE EFFORT ON PREVENTIONNEED MORE EFFORT ON PREVENTION– SUPPORT ROBUST CONCEPT (but needs SUPPORT ROBUST CONCEPT (but needs

training, and resources to develop capacity)training, and resources to develop capacity)

COMPARISONCOMPARISONNATO - BRAHIMINATO - BRAHIMI

Mandate/mission/capabilities – mandate Mandate/mission/capabilities – mandate approved only with resourcesapproved only with resources

Robust ROEs and credible force – Robust Robust ROEs and credible force – Robust approachapproach

Engage partners in planning – engage troop Engage partners in planning – engage troop contributorscontributors

Both NATO and UN change their approach to Both NATO and UN change their approach to management of crisesmanagement of crises

Both urge of unity of effort (need for Both urge of unity of effort (need for effective co-operation and co-ordination effective co-operation and co-ordination prior to and during operations)prior to and during operations)

SEMINAR SEMINAR CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

Basically, Brahimi got it right – landmark Basically, Brahimi got it right – landmark report – need now to implementreport – need now to implement

Relations with troop contributors still poor Relations with troop contributors still poor (UNSC and secretariat) – (UNSC and secretariat) – Key near term issueKey near term issue

UN cannot take on every crisis; must select UN cannot take on every crisis; must select carefully; better not to engage than to engage carefully; better not to engage than to engage poorlypoorly

Need for quality, well-prepared, people for Need for quality, well-prepared, people for missionsmissions

Take account of experience in UNTAET and Take account of experience in UNTAET and UNMIK concerning a shift in policing conceptsUNMIK concerning a shift in policing concepts

Complex operations are now the normComplex operations are now the norm

KEY PEACEKEEPING KEY PEACEKEEPING ISSUES - 2001ISSUES - 2001

Move beyond 1992 Move beyond 1992 Agenda For PeaceAgenda For Peace and acknowledge modern multi-and acknowledge modern multi-fucntional ops as the normfucntional ops as the norm

Improve preparations for a crisisImprove preparations for a crisis– Between organizationsBetween organizations– Within nations and organizationsWithin nations and organizations

Improve international community’s Improve international community’s early management of a crisisearly management of a crisis

Need robust, professional, unity of Need robust, professional, unity of effort from the international communityeffort from the international community