The Birth of Filipino Nationalism

Spanish prestige suffered irreparable damage because of their defeat at British hands. A number of rebellions broke out as a consequence of this. Although there was early resistance to colonial rule, Filipino nationalism emerged only in the 19th century.

Early Resistance to Spanish RuleThe integration of the Philippines into the Spanish Empire resulted into the implementation of oppressive

taxation policies, forced labor, galleon trade, indulto de commercio, and government monopolies. Government control and maintain it restrictions let the people to experience hardships and misery. Consequently, they started harboring grievances against the colonial government. Thus, they began clamoring for freedom from foreign control.

1574–1843 – Discontent with Spanish rule was first expressed in the regional revolts that broke out in the archipelago.

These revolts were brought about by the ff. reasons: the desire to regain lost freedom resistance to Spanish-imposed institutions desire to revert to their native religion and agrarian unrest.

Revolts Caused by the Desire to Regain Lost FreedomNotable among the revolts caused by the desire of the Filipinos to regain lost freedom are the following:

REVOLT IMMEDIATE CAUSE

Revolt of Lakan Dula and Sulayman (1574) Lavesari’s disregard of Legazpi’s promise that Spain would recognize the patrimonial lands of the kings of Tondo and Maynilad

First Pampanga Revolt (1585) Dissatisfaction with the abuses of the encomenderos

Tondo Conspiracy (1587-1588) Discovery of the plot masterminded by Agustin de Legazpi to overthrow Spanish rule

Revolts Caused by Resistance to Spanish-Imposed InstitutionsAmong the early uprisings staged by the Filipino people as a result of their resistance to Spanish-imposed institutions

are the following:REVOLT IMMEDIATE CAUSE

Magalat’s Revolt (1596) Magalat’s encouragement of the people of Cagayan to rebel against the Spanish government

Revolt of the Irrayas (1621) Execution of oppressive encomenderos and officials

Sumuroy’s Rebellion (1649-1650) Government’s enforcement of the order to send people of Palapag, Samar, to work in the shipyards of Cavite

Maniago’s Revolt (1660) Hatred of bandala and resentment of the frequent recruitment of Pampangenos to cut

timber for the construction of Spanish galleons

Malong’s Rebellion (1660-1661) Hatred of Spanish oppression and the killing of Spanish officials in Lingayen

Diego Silang’s Revolt (1762-1763)Gabriela Silang’s Revolt

Silang’s resentment of his imprisonment due to his request for the abolition of the hated tribute

in Vigan

Palaris Revolt (1762f-1765) Assasination of her husband, Diego Silang

Basi Revolt (1807)