THE ANKLE & LOWERTHE ANKLE & LOWERLEGLEG

Lower LegLower LegFemur

Tibia

Fibula

Tibial tuberosity

Talus (tarsal bone)

Medial malleolusLateral malleolus

Medial condyle of tibia

Lateral condyle of tibia

Right Leg, Anterior ViewClick R Button for Slideshow

Lateral condyle of femur

Medial condyle of femur

Knee cap

Lower Leg2Lower Leg2Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Tibial tuberosity

Talus (tarsal bone)

Medial malleolusLateral malleolus

Medial condyle of tibia

Lateral condyle of tibia

Right Leg, Anterior View

Lateral condyle of femur

Medial condyle of femur

Knee cap

Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal

Bones:Bones:

Medialcuneiform (1)

Intermediatecuneiform (2)

Lateralcuneiform (3)

NavicularA boatIt sails on the Cs

Talus

Calcaneus Cuboid

Tiger Cubs Need M I L C

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Foot QuizFoot Quiz

A

BC

D

E

FG H

J

Answers: Next Slide; for Drill Click Back & Forth Right, Superior View

Foot Quiz Foot Quiz AnswersAnswers

A. Phalanges

B. MetatarsalsC. Cuboid

D. Calcaneus

E. Talus

F. Navicular

G. Medial Cuneiform (1)

H. IntermediateCuneiform (2)

J. Lateral Cuneiform (3)

Right, Superior View

BONES OF THE ANKLE JOINTBONES OF THE ANKLE JOINT

Talocrural jointTalocrural joint

►Composed of:Composed of: Lateral Malleolus Lateral Malleolus

(Distal Portion of (Distal Portion of Fibula)Fibula)

Medial Malleolus Medial Malleolus (Distal portion of (Distal portion of Tibia)Tibia)

TalusTalus

Talocrural joint Talocrural joint “cont.”“cont.”

► JOINT MOTIONS:JOINT MOTIONS:

PLANTAR FLEXIONPLANTAR FLEXION

DORSIFLEXIONDORSIFLEXION

Subtalar JointSubtalar Joint►BONESBONES

CALCANEUSCALCANEUS TALUSTALUS

SUBTALAR JOINT SUBTALAR JOINT (Cont.)(Cont.)

►JOINT MOTIONSJOINT MOTIONS INVERSIONINVERSION EVERSIONEVERSION

Distal Tib-Fib JointDistal Tib-Fib Joint

►No true motionNo true motion►Ligaments Ligaments

prevent the prevent the tibia and fibula tibia and fibula from spreading from spreading apart.apart.

LIGAMENTS AND LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUESCONNECTIVE TISSUES

►INTEROSSEOUS INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANEMEMBRANE CONNECTS CONNECTS

TIBIA AND TIBIA AND FIBULAFIBULA

LIGAMENTS AND LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUESCONNECTIVE TISSUES

►Deltoid Deltoid ligamentligament Medial aspect Medial aspect

of ankleof ankle Prevents Prevents

eversioneversion

Very strong Very strong rarely torn!rarely torn!

LIGAMENTSLIGAMENTS

►THREE LATERAL THREE LATERAL LIGAMENTS:LIGAMENTS: ANTERIOR ANTERIOR

TALOFIBULARTALOFIBULAR POSTERIOR POSTERIOR

TALOFIBULARTALOFIBULAR CALCANEOFIBULACALCANEOFIBULA

RR PREVENT PREVENT

INVERSIONINVERSION

LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUESTISSUES

►Anterior and Posterior Anterior and Posterior TIBIOFIBULAR ligamentsTIBIOFIBULAR ligaments BRIDGE THE TIBIA AND FIBULABRIDGE THE TIBIA AND FIBULA

MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER LEGLOWER LEG

►MUSCLES ON THE ANTERIOR SIDE MUSCLES ON THE ANTERIOR SIDE DORSIFLEXDORSIFLEX EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS MUSCLEEXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS MUSCLE EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS MUSCLEEXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS MUSCLE TIBIALIS ANTERIOR MUSCLETIBIALIS ANTERIOR MUSCLE

MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER LEGLOWER LEG

►SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENTCOMPARTMENT

►PLANTARFLEXPLANTARFLEX►SOLEUSSOLEUS►GASTROCNEMIUSGASTROCNEMIUS

MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER LEGLOWER LEG

►LATERAL COMPARTMENTLATERAL COMPARTMENT►EVERSIONEVERSION►PERONEUS LONGUSPERONEUS LONGUS►PERONEUS BREVISPERONEUS BREVIS

MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER LEGLOWER LEG

►DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENTDEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT► INVERSIONINVERSION►TIBIALIS POSTERIOR MUSCLETIBIALIS POSTERIOR MUSCLE►FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUSFLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS►FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUSFLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

Muscles of the Muscles of the Foot, Ankle, Lower Foot, Ankle, Lower

LegLeg

Gastrocnemius Gastrocnemius

► OriginOrigin► Medial headMedial head medial medial

femoral condyle;femoral condyle;► Lateral headLateral head lateral lateral

condylecondyle► Insertion Insertion the Achilles the Achilles

tendon, inserting on the tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surfacecalcaneal surface

► Action Action Powerful plantar Powerful plantar flexor of ankleflexor of ankle

► InnervationInnervationTibial nerve Tibial nerve (S1, S2)(S1, S2)

Soleus Soleus

►Origin Origin fibular head, fibular head, Insertion Insertion Achilles Achilles tendon, inserting on tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the middle 1/3 of the posterior the posterior calcaneal surfacecalcaneal surface

►Action Action Powerful Powerful plantar flexor of plantar flexor of ankleankle

► Innervation Innervation Tibial Tibial nerve (S1, S2)nerve (S1, S2)

Plantaris Plantaris

► Origin Origin supracondylar supracondylar line of distal femurline of distal femur

► Insertion Insertion Middle 1/3 of Middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal the posterior calcaneal surface, just medial to surface, just medial to Achilles tendonAchilles tendon

► Action Action Plantar flexor of Plantar flexor of ankle; also flexes kneeankle; also flexes knee

► Innervation Innervation Tibial Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Achilles TendonAchilles Tendon

Tibialis Posterior Tibialis Posterior

► Origin Origin medial fibula, medial fibula, ► Insertion 2Insertion 2► superficial slipsuperficial slip inserts inserts

on the tuberosity of the on the tuberosity of the navicular bone; navicular bone;

► deeper slipdeeper slip plantar plantar sufraces of metatarsals sufraces of metatarsals 2 - 4 and second 2 - 4 and second cuneiformcuneiform

► Action Action Principal Principal invertor of footinvertor of foot

► Innervation Innervation Tibial Tibial nerve (L4, L5)nerve (L4, L5)

Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus

► Origin Origin Posterior Posterior surface of tibia surface of tibia

► Insertion Insertion Splits into Splits into four slips these slips four slips these slips then insert on plantar then insert on plantar surface of bases of surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal 2nd - 5th distal phalangesphalanges

► Action Action Flexes toes 2 Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps - 5; also helps inversion of ankleinversion of ankle

► Innervation Innervation Tibial Tibial nervenerve

Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus

► Origin Origin Inferior 2/3 of Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of posterior surface of fibula, fibula,

► Insertion Insertion Plantar Plantar surface of base of distal surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe phalanx of great toe

► Action Action Flexes great Flexes great toe, helps to invert toe, helps to invert ankleankle

► Innervation Innervation Tibial Tibial nerve nerve

Tibialis Anterior Tibialis Anterior

► Origin Origin Lateral condyle Lateral condyle of tibia, of tibia,

► Insertion Insertion 1st 1st cuneiform and on base cuneiform and on base of first metatarsal of first metatarsal

► Action Action Dorsiflexor of Dorsiflexor of ankleankle

► Innervation Innervation Deep Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)S1)

Extensor Hallucis Extensor Hallucis Longus Longus

► Origin Origin Anterior fibula Anterior fibula and the interosseous and the interosseous membrane membrane

► Insertion Insertion Base and Base and dorsal center of distal dorsal center of distal phalanx of great toephalanx of great toe

► Action Action Extends great Extends great toe and dorsiflexes toe and dorsiflexes ankleankle

► Innervation Innervation Deep Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)S1)

► Origin Origin head of fibula, head of fibula, ► Insertion Insertion Splits into 4 Splits into 4

tendon slips each of tendon slips each of which insert on middle which insert on middle and distal phalanges and distal phalanges

► Action Action Extend toes 2 - Extend toes 2 - 5 and dorsiflexes ankle5 and dorsiflexes ankle

► Innervation Innervation Deep Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)S1)

Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digitorum Longus Longus

Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Tertius

► Origin Origin fibular shaft fibular shaft surfacesurface

► Insertion Insertion base of the base of the fifth metatarsalfifth metatarsal

► Action Action evert the footevert the foot► Innervation Innervation Deep Deep

peroneal nerveperoneal nerve

Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Brevis

►Origin Origin Inferior 2/3 Inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular of lateral fibular surface; surface;

► Insertion Insertion Base of Base of 5th metatarsal base5th metatarsal base

►Action Action Everts foot Everts foot Innervation Innervation Superficial peroneal Superficial peroneal nerve nerve

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Longus

►Origin Origin Head of Head of fibula, fibula,

► Insertion Insertion 1st 1st metatarsal basemetatarsal base

►Action Action Everts Everts footfoot

► Innervation Innervation Superficial Superficial peroneal nerveperoneal nerve