the ancient near east section 3 preview main idea / reading focus the early hebrews the kingdom of...
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The Ancient Near East Section 3
Preview
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• The Early Hebrews
• The Kingdom of Israel
• Map: Israel and Judah
• The Teachings of Judaism
The Hebrews and Judaism
The Ancient Near East Section 3
Reading Focus
• What are the major events in the history of the early Hebrews?
• How did the Kingdom of Israel develop and who were some of its key leaders?
• What are the basic teachings and sacred texts of Judaism?
Main Idea
The ancient Hebrews and their religion, Judaism, have been a major influence on Western civilization.
The Hebrews and Judaism
The Ancient Near East Section 3
The Hebrews were the ancestors of the Jews, and most of what we know, including the laws and requirements of their religion, Judaism, comes from their later writings.
• The Torah
• Abraham, father of the Hebrews
• God’s covenant
• 12 Tribes of Israel
• Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were patriarchs
• Israelites in Egypt
Hebrew Fathers• Slaves in Egypt
• Moses
• Pharaoh, plagues
• Exodus
– Israelites out of Egypt
– Passover
• The Ten Commandments
Moses and Exodus• Israelites in desert
• Canaan
• Land of “milk and honey”
• Israelites battled for land
• Canaan = Israel
Promised Land
The Early Hebrews
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Sequencing
What are some key events, in order, in early Israelite history?
Answer(s): Abraham traveled to Canaan, 1800 BC; Moses appeared among Hebrews in Egypt, 1200s BC; the Exodus; delivery of Ten Commandments to Moses; Hebrews wander desert for 40 years; invasion of Philistines to Israel, mid-1000s BC; Saul named first king of Israel, mid-1000s BC; David named second king of Israel, 1000 BC; Solomon named third king of Israel, 865 BC
The Ancient Near East Section 3
The Period of the Judges
• Scattered communities• No central government• Judges enforce laws• Prophets keep Israelites focused on faith
• Israelites united against Philistines
• Saul, first Israelite king
• Never won full support
• David, second king
• Strong king, gifted poet
• Solomon, David’s son
• Israel reached height of wealth
Saul, David, Solomon
• Conflict after Solomon’s death
• Two kingdoms, Israel and Judah
• 722 BC, Israel fell to Assyrians
• 586 BC, Judah fell to Chaldeans
• Chaldeans enslaved Jews
• Diaspora = scattering of Jews
• Persians conquered Chaldeans
Division and Conquest
The Kingdom of Israel
The Ancient Near East Section 3
The Ancient Near East Section 3
Find the Main Idea
Why are Saul, David and Solomon significant?
Answer(s): They were the first kings of Israel; they unified the Israelites under the Kingdom of Israel.
The Ancient Near East Section 3
The Teachings of Judaism
Religion the foundation of Hebrew and Jewish societies
• Belief in One God
– Monotheism
• Justice and Righteousness
– Kindness, fairness, code of ethics
• Obedience to the Law
– Ten Commandments, Mosaic Law
• Jewish Sacred Texts
– Torah, Talmud
The Ancient Near East Section 3
Identify Supporting Details
What are the central beliefs of Judaism?
Answer(s): belief in one god; obedience to the Ten Commandments; justice and righteousness