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THE COMMAND AN D GENERAL STAFF COLLEGE

LIBRARY

FRCM: August c h a n z eCol Re t

Call Number •5^12'3

C . IFL Form 887 (Rev) 22 O 52USACGSC—P9-0798—T—26M—30 Sep 68



7



P R E P A R E D A N D E D I T E D B Y T H E E I G H T H U . S . A R M Y



\ S,

HAMPHIBIOUS

H I S T O R I C A L S E C T I O N GHTH

MAY 1 4 1948



CONTENTS:



C. I

under the banner of the eighth

general of the army douglas macarthur

lieutenant general robert I. eichelberger

the story of the amphibious eighth

the occupation leaders

the combat record

medal of honor, dsc, dsm

the corps, the divisions, the combat teams

the leaders in combat

major general clovis e. byers

combat planners

today's administrators

a humorous slant: memphis and yokohama

DEDICATION page 6

GENERAL OF THE PACIFIC page 8

THE EIGHTH'S COM MAN DER page 12

THE EIGHTH IN WA R AN D PEACE page 1 9

THE EIGHTH 'S GENERALS page 4 6

OPERATIONS OF THE EIGHTH page 51

FOR VALOR A N D SERVICE page 6 7

THE FIGHTING FORCES OF THE EIGHTH page 75

THE COMM ANDERS OF. THE EIGHTH page 89

CHIEF OF STAF page 9 6

THE EIGHTH'S WAR -TIME SECTION CHIEFS page 9 9

THE EIGHTH'S SECTION CHIEFS TO DA Y page 1 07

THE TRAVELS OF THE EIGHTH page 113



D E D I C A T E D T O T H E B R A V E O F F I C E R S A N D M E N W H O F O



G H T A N D D I E D U N D E R T H E B - A N N E R O F T H E E I G H T H A R M Y



GENERAL OF THE ARMY D OUGLAS MACA RTHUR

SUPREME COMMANDER FOR THE ALL IED POWERS



N O ARMY OF THIS WAR HAS ACHIEVED GREATER

GLORY AND DISTINCTION THAN THE EIGHTH

GENERAL OF THE PACIFIC

Whe n as Supreme Commander of fhe OccupaHon, General of me Army DouglasMacArthur made, his drama tic entry into Japan he c limaxed one of me m ost outstanding

military careers in United States history.

The military epic that is Gene ral M acArthur's life sto ry started from the day of his

birth. He was born the son of Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur in Little- Rock, Arkansas,

whe re his father was stationed at the time. Raised in an army atmosphere, it was natural

mat he should enter the United States Mi lita ry A cade my . On June 11th 1903, he g raduated

a\ the head of his class with the commission of a second lieutenant of Engineers.

Shortly after leaving Wes t Point the youthful M acA rthur was on his way across the Pacific

bound for the Philippine Islands—the land which was in the years to come to furnish the settingfor the greatest chapters of his life . His assignment on engineer construction work gave him

an early opportunity to study the Philippine people and the Islands.

He relumed to the States, only to be reassigned to the Orient in Octobe r 1905 to serve

as aide to his father who. was then on duty in Tokyo. A secret m ission which w as entrusted

to him at the time a fforded him additiona l opp ortun ity to travel in the countries of the Far East.



Following his tour in Japan he served as Aid e to President Theo dore Roosevelt until 1907.

During these years, he developed many friendships with the leaders of the Washington administration

and government which were to last through the adventurous years to come and served him in goo d

stead when later confronted with the gigantic task which came before him.

The ten years following his White House activities were filled with professional assignments and

duties which served to broaden his experiences and deepened his brilliant understanding of military

affairs and requirements. Four years with the General Staff climaxed this period of endeavor prio r

to our entrance into the First Wo rld W ar.

It was at this time that G eneral MacArthur conceived the idea of the Rainbow Division — the

Division that was destined to serve so gallantly. As C hief of Staff he was instrumental in direc ting

its organ ization and training. He arrived with the Division in France in Oc tobe r 1917

His W or ld W ar service encompassed practically all of the major offensives. In turn he served

in the Vanvou leure, La Franche and Rolamont training are as ; and later in the Luneville, Bacca rat,

Esperance-Souain secto rs. Following these actions he was engaged in the Champagne-M arne

defensive, and in the Aisne-Mame o ffensive. He was in command of the 84th Infantry Brigade when

that organization went through the poignant d ays of the St. M ihie l, Essey and Pannes, Wo ev re ,

Meuse-Argonne and Sedan offensives. The General then assumed command of the 42nd Division

until November of 1918; completing his foreign tour with the Army of Occupation.

After the close of the war, General M acArthur served in the office of the W ar Department

Chief of Staff.

When in 1919 he started a four-year term QS Superintendent of the Wes t Point Milita ry Acad em y,

General MacArthur saw an opportunity to modernize the training and improve the administrative and

execu tive, offices of the Academ y. Many graduates of these years are the leaders wh o directed

the streamlined victory of this war.

General MacArthur added three more tours of duty in the Philippines during the years of 1922

1925; 192 8-1930 ; and 1935-1936 . His 1928 assignment to the Philippines was that of Philippine

Department Commander. In 1935 he became Milita ry Adviser to the Comm onwealth of the Philippine s;

and in 1936 Fieid Marshal of the Philippine Army.

From 1930 to 1935 , General MacArthur served as Chief of Staff of the U. S. Arm y, an assign

ment for which his earlier duties qua lified him preeminently. The effects of these years as Chief of

Staff were far reaching and effectively constructive.

Wh en he was retired from the Army in 1937 his withdraw al from public o ffice lasted less thanfour years. As conditions in the Orient became increasingly critic al, President Roosevelt again called

on Pacificwise General MacA rthur, this time to assume command of the United States Army Forces

in the Far East.

In Ma rch, 1942, President Roosevelt directed General MacArthur to leave Corr egid or and

establish our outpost in Australia. There he was to organize and prepare to lead our forces back



for the liberation of the Philippines. In mid-Ap ril, General MacArthur was given the Command of the

Southwest Pacific Are a; and heading this command he began the long march which was to end in

Japan with the complete surrender of the Japanese Empire.

As Supreme Comm ander for the A llied Powers in Japan, his policies have transformed Japan from

a ruthless military dictato rship into a dem ocratic government and in the short period of its existence

under his guidance, its leaders have formulated and adopted one of the wo rld 's most enlightenedconstitutions. The Japanese now have freedo m of thought, speech, and rel igio n; militarism has been

de stro yed, bo th as a factor in international poli cy and as a national ide al ; land reform is transforming

feudal peasants into self-respecting landowners; the strength of the Zaibatsu, which lowered the living

standards and stifled the free econom ic life of Japan, has been broken, and much progress has been

made in the restoration of the peacetime economy of the nation. In his wisdom , General MacArthur has

not imposed these reforms from above but has insisted that the Japanese bring about these changes

through their government by dem ocratic processes . In doing so he has won the adm iration of the

wo rld and the respec t of the Japanese peop le. In a wo rld wh ere many nations are torn by internal

strife, Japan under the guidance of the Supreme Commander has been a model of constructive progress

and has made rapid strides towa rd the day when it will take a respected place among the nations.

The concept which has guided General MacArthur throughout the occupation was indicated in a state

ment he made on the second anniversary of Japan's defeat:

"H ist or y records no other instance wherein Ihe military occupation of a conquered

peop le has been conducted with the emphasis p laced as it has been here, upon moral values

involved be tween victor and vanquished. Right rather than might has been the cri ter ion. "

In recognition of his outstanding services as a soldie r and statesman General MacA rthur has

been awarded the following decorations and awards by the people of the United States and nations

the world over:

Congressional Medal of Honor French Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor

Distinguished Service Cross with Two Oak Leaf Clusters Greek Medal of Valor

Distinguished Service Medal with Two Oak Leaf Clusters Guatemala Cross of Military Merit of the First Order

Distinguished Service Medal (Navy) Hungarian Grand Cross Order of Military Merit

Silver Star with Six Oak Leaf Clusters Italian War Cross

Bronze Star Medal Italian Grand Cordon Order of the Crown

Air Medal Mexican Grand Cross of Military Merit

Purple Heart with Oak Leaf Cluster Netherlands Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-

Australian Pacific Star Nassau with Swords (Milita ry Division)

Belgian Commander Order of Crown Philippine Medal of Vefor

British Knight Grand Cross of the Bath Philippine Distinguished Service Star

Chinese Grand Cordon of Pas Ting Philippine Defense Medal

Czechoslovakian Grand Cross Order of White Lion Philippine Liberation Medal

Ecuadorian First Class Decoration Abdon Calderon Polish Grand Croix Polonia Restitute

French Grand Officer Legion of Honor Polish Virtutae Militaire

Legion of Honor Fourragere (French) Rumanian Grand Cross Order of Military Merit

French Croix de Guerre with Four Palms Yugoslavian Grand Cross Order of White Eagle 1 1



L I . GE N. ROBERT L. EICHELBERGER

C O M M A N D I N G E I GH T H U . S . ARMY



TO THE TROOPS OF THE EIGHTH ARMY

The accomplishments and victories of the "A mp hibiou s Eighth" may be v iew ed with pride

and wifh me realizaMon that they will go down in history as outstanding achievements.To all who valiantly served to overcom e an aggressive adversary that at me end victory

might be assured and mat me ideals of our country m ight be perp etua ted, I extend my heart

felt gratitude. And to those for whom there was no returning we extend our solemn pledge

that their death shall not have been in vain —

Since our victorious entry into Japan we ll over t wo years ago it has been our privileg e

to serve as occupational forces to implement the policies and to execute the directives of our

Supreme Commander, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur. The mission of the occupa

tion has been one to challenge your best qualities as soldiers and as proponents of the demo

cratic way of Nfe. In both you have served your country we l l !May you who have served or are serving with the Eighth know that it is you who have

provided its glory and distinction.

13



T H E E I G H T H ' S C O M

THE GENERAL WITH HIS FAMOUS B-17, "MISS EM" THE COM MAN DING GENERAL WITH LT. COL. LEONARD WI NG AT ZAMBOANC14



M A N D E R

GENERAL EICHEIBERGER, GENERAL SWING AND COLONEL BOWEN NEAR CAVITE

The arrival

in Japan of Lieutenant General Robert L. Eiche lberger wi th the

advance elements of the Am phibious Eighth Army on August 30,

1945 terminated a pe riod of wartime combat leadership thaf

began in the jungles around Buna and included the engagements

in N ew Guinea, the Neth erland's East Indies, and the Philippines. The wa r was over but many great problems still had

to be faced. Abov e all others was the difficult problem of

executing the directives of the Supreme Commander over Japan,

a nation in whose defeat his own soldiers had played such

a decisive role . His success in meeting this problem is

manifested in both the American and the Japanese reactions.

Robert L. Eichelberger was born in Urbana, Ohio, on March

9th, 1886, the youngest of five children—four boys and a

girl. His father, a successful attorney-at-law, believed in teach

ing his children to be .self-reliant and Bob spent seve ral sum

mers in his boy hoo d working on his father's farm. Along with

a love of the outdoors he developed an interest in sports and

played on the varsity of his high school football and baseball

teams. This zest for sports was to stand him in go od stead

when he took over as Superintendent of the United States

Military Academy.

He received his appointment to Wes t Point in his sopho

more year at Ohio State University and became Lieutenant

Eichelberger on June 11th, 1909.

One of the greatest turning points of Eichelberger's life was

his marriage, on April 3rd, 1913, to Miss Emma Gudger of

Asheville, North C arolina, w ho was to prove a constant inspira

tion to him. During the wa r, his repeated references to her

were an indication of his de vo tio n; even his personal Flying

Fortress was named, "Miss Em."

His military trail led through Indiana, Texas, the Panama

Canal Zone, Ne w York, and the Me xican border. His pre-

World War I service culminated in his appointment to theposition of professor of military science and tactics at Kemper

Military Academy in the latter months of 1916.

His first love, how ever, was field service with the infantry

and with the outbreak of the war he became a battalion com

mander in the 20th Infantry and, later, in the 43 rd Infantry. In

July, 1917, he was assigned as G-3, Eighth Division.

Arriving in Siberia on September 2nd, 1918, he se rved as

Assistant Chief of Staff, Operations Division, and Chief Intel

ligence Officer, American Expeditionary Forces, Siberia, untilAp ril 3, 19 20 ; he participated in operations in Suchan Valley

during June and July, 1919. Com pleting this tour of duty he was

transferred to Manila, where he served as Assistant Chief of

Staff, Mili tary Intelligence D ivision , Philippine Department, unril



AWARDING THE PURPLE HEART TO PVT. HAROLD THOMPSON, 40TH DIVISION

Oc tob er, 19 20 ; and on special duty for the Philippine Department in China, unMI February 24th, 1921.

In 1921, during the Limitation of Armaments Conference in Washington, D.C., General Eichelberger

served as American liaison officer with me Chinese delegation. After compleMon of the conference,

he remained on duty with me Military Intelligence Division until August 1st, 1924.

He attended the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth in 1926 and served on

the staff of the school from the time of his gradua tion until the summer of 1929 when he attended

the Army W ar Co lleg e. Later he served on the staff at We st Point and as Secretary of the Wa r

Department General Staff under General MacArthur and General Malin Craig.

Returning to troo p duty in January, 1939, he assumed com mand of the 30th Infantry at the

Presidio, San Francisco. The Wa r Department, how ever, realizing the inevitability of the Second

W or ld W ar and recognizing the need for the best possible leadership at its most important training

school appo inted him Superintendent of West Point on Oc tob er 18th, 1940. In January, 1942, he

was released to organize the 77th D ivision which was reactivated under his command in March 1942.

In June he was appointed to the command of the I C orps with which he went to Australia in

August 1942.

The I Corp s first entered the fighting in the Pacific Area in the combined Am erican -Australian

offensive against the Japanese in the jungle defenses in the Buna afea.

On December 1st, 1942, when he assumed command at the front, he found a force weakened by

malaria and reduced in comba t effectiveness by its failure to crack the Japanese defense s. Gene ral

Eichelberger analyzed the situation quick ly, reorganized and regrouped units, corrected weak points in

command, improved the supp iy, and deve loped methods of breaching the enemy lines. Ab ove all ,

he furnished the battle weary troops with inspirational lead ership. The revitalize d force attacked,6



1945, the Commanding General of the Eighth Army stood on the deck of the b attleship, " U . S. S.

Mi sso uri ," proud in his know ledge of the part he had playe d in bringing rhe Japanese to their knees.

Tw o years have passed since the day of the surrender. General Eicheiberger as Ground Force

Commander is still in Japan, his divisions spread from Hokka ido to Kyus hu; the peo ple are placid

and are working hard to absorb the principles of d em oc ra cy ; the soldiers are noted for their exem

plory conduct. His administration of the Occupa tion has been a success.

To this great commander, lead er, and adm inistrator, for his outstanding se rvices the United States

and other nations of the worl d have presented high honors and awa rds. These indications ofappreciation and esteem are presented herewith :

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS: For extraordinary FIRST O A K LEAF CLUSTER TO SILVER ST AR : For gallantry

heroism in action, 28 June Jo 3 July 1919, while serving as in action at Biak, Netherlands East Indies, on 23 June 1944.

Assistant Chief of Staff, .G- 2, American Expe ditionary Fo rce, SECOND OAK LEAF CLUSTER TO SILVER STAR: For

Siberia. gallantry in action at Davao , Minda nao, Philippine Islands,

OA K LEAF CLUSTER TO THE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE on 4 May 1945.

CROSS : For heroism in action in Ne w Guinea during the LEGION OF MERIT: For performance of outstanding

Papuan Campaign, 23 July 1942 to 8 January 1943. service as Comma nding General, 77th Division, in 1942.

BRONZE STAR MEDAL : For heroic achievement in con -ISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL : As Assistant Chief ofnection with military operations on Zamboanga, Mindanao,Staff, G-2 , for his conspicuous service w ith the American

Philippine Islands, 1 to 12 March 1945.AIR MEDAL : For meritorious achievement while participa t-

Expeditionary Force, Siberia.

FIRST O A K LEAF CLUSTER TO THE DISTING UISHE Ding in aerial flights in the Southwest Pacific A rea from 1

SERVICE MEDAL: As Commanding General, I Corps, forDecember 1942 to 1 August 1945.

meritorious service in the Southwest Pacific Area from 24PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION : Headquarters, I Corps,January 1943 to 1-9 August 1944.for Buna Campaign, 1943.

SE CO ND O AK LEAF CLUSTER TO THE DISTINGUISHEDOAK LEAF CLUSTER PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION:

SERVICE MEDAL : As Commanding General of the Eighth 11 th Airborne Division, for operation south of Man ila,Army from September 1944 to May 1945, he commanded

February 1945.operations in many islands of the Philippine Archipelago HONORARY KNIGHT COMMANDER OF THE MILITARYand destroyed org anized Japanese resistance on them in a DIV ISIO N OF THE M OST EXCELLENT ORDER OF THEseries of masterful amphibious operations. BRITISH EMPIRE: For courageou s and valiant leadership

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL (NAVY) : For excep as Commander of the Buna Sector of the Papuan Cam paign.tionally meritorious service to the Government of the United GRAND OFFICER OF THE ORDER OF ORANGE-NASSAUStates in a duty of great responsibility as Commanding WITH SWORDS: Awarded by Queen Wilhelmina ofGeneral, I Corps, the Papuan Campaign, Southeastern New Holland for liberation of Hollandia and Biak.

Guinea, from 25 August 1942 to 23 January 1943. DISTINGUISHED SERVICE STAR OF THE CO M M O N

SILVER STAR : For gallantry in action in Luzon, Philippine WEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES: For meritorious service

18 Islands, on 3 February 1945. rendered in the reconquesl and liberation of the Philippines.



H

GHTH INWAR

AND PEAC



THE EIGHTH ARMY IN W AR AN D PEACE

By land, by sea, by air the Eighth Army has swept, always triumphant, from Memphis, Tennessee,

to Tokyo, Japan.

The Eighth Army began its role in the Pacific War on the 7th of September, 1944 when

Lieutenant General Robert L. Eichelberger assumed command in Hollandia, N ew Guinea. Two day s

later, the Army received its first mission.

Wh en it arrived in the Southwest Pacific the Eighth Army Headquarters co nsisted, almost intact,of the experienced Second Army Staff built up by Lieutenant General Ben Lear and Lieutenant General

Lloyd R. Fredendall during three years of training in the States.

General Eichelberger brought from his old c omma nd, the I Cor ps, his chief of staff, Major

General (then Brigadier General) Clov is E. Byers, and his G -3, Brigadier General (then C olone l)

Frank S. Bow en, Jr., wh o had served under him in the battles of Buna, Sanananda, Ho llandia , and

Biak. The Deputy Chief of Staff, Colonel Arthur P. Tha yer ; G - l , Co lonel August E. Schan ze; G-2 ,

Colonel George A. A. Jones; and G-4, Colonel Henry C. Burgess, remained in the positions they

held in the Second Army. Wh en the staff was assembled in Hollandia in September, it w as a w ell

tempered unit, ready for action.

Eighth Arm y's first mission involved assuming control of all opera tional areas in N e w Gu inea,

New Britain, the Admiralties and Morotai and taking command of about 200,000 troops dispersed

in 20 localities extending from Australia to Mo ro ta i. These first four months prior to initiation of

major Eighth Army amphibious operations furnished an excellent op portun ity for reorgan izing and

training the staff to meet the peculiar administrative, logis tical, and tactical conditions of the South

west Pacific.0



MEMPHIS 1944 YOKOHAMA 1945

In the early fall of 1944, General MacArthur outlined to General Eichelberger his brilliant scheme

for the libera tion of the Philippines and his propos ed employm ent of the Eighth Arm y. As the plan

finally crysta lized , Sixth Army was to take Leyte, establish a beachhead on M ind oro , and strike a

blow against Luzon at Lingayen Gulf.

Eighth Arm y wo uld move up to Leyte and conduct opera tions to regain control of the southern

Philippines, feint tow ard southern Luzon from M ind oro, and support Sixth Army in Luzon by delivering

two sharp blows on the west coast; one at Bataan and the other south of Manila.

By the first of the year, Eighth Army Headquarters had moved to Leyte and assumed control of

opera tions in the Philippines south of Luzon. The long drawn out task of hunting out the 27,0 00

Japanese remaining on Leyte began, and continued on a decreasing scale for several months as the

enemy was gradually exterminated.

At the same time, Brigadier General W illiam C. Dunckel's W estern Visayan Task Force,

com pos ed of the 503 rd Parachute Regimental Combat Team, and elements of the 24th Division,

pierc ed through the Japanese-infested Visayan Islands to take Mind oro . This action also caused the

enemy additional concern regarding the poss ibility of a landing on the southwestern coast of Luzon.

It was the last preparatory step for the heavy blow struck at Lingayen.

Near the end of the first month of 1945 , as the XIV Corp s, under Ma jor General Oscar W .

Gri sw old , moved from the beachhead at Lingayen dow n the central plain towa rd M anila, the Eighth

Army entered the Luzon picture.

On January 29th, Lieutenant General Charles P. Hall's XI Cor ps, com posed of the 38th Division 21



PATROL FROM THE AMERICAL ADVANCES IN NORTHERN CEBUTHE INFANTRY MAKES A WET LANDING ON PANAY

and a Regimental Com bat Team of the 24lh Div ision, struck the ZambaJes coast abou t 15 miles

northwest of Subic Bay. The Corps mission included the seizure o f our pre-war naval base at

Olo ng apo , the protection of the XIV Co rps' right flank, and the blocking off of Bataan Peninsula.

General Hall achieved complete strategic and tactical surprise and the assault wave s wa ded ashore

unoppos ed. The initial objec tives were captured so rapidly that General Eichelberger was able to

hand the force over to General Walter Krueger only 24 hours after the landing. In three day s, the

Corps captured Olongapo and moved out across the base of Bataan Peninsula toward Manila.

The second Eighth Army blo w was aimed at Nas ugb u, 45 miles south of Man ila. In vie w ofreports of large and shifting Japanese concentrations in the area, it was pres cribed that no ex plo i

tation of a successful landing could be made unless personnally ordered by the Commanding General,

Eighth Arm y; the same limitation applied to committing the reserve parachute regiment from the air.

It was essential, therefore, for General Eichelberger to be present. D-Day found him in the field.

Ma jor General Joseph M. Swing's aggressive 11th Airborne Division, re inforce d, effecte d its

landing at N asugbu on January 31st. The Japanese we re c omp letely surprised and within three hours

after the landing Ge neral Eichelberger m ade the decision to drive on to Man ila. That wa s the

beginning of the famous beachhead that was to become 200 yards wide and 50 miles long.

Brushing aside infantry-a rtillery dela ying acti on , the 11th thrust inland to run up against w ellorganized positions in hill masses flanking the road. On February 2d, the 188th Infantry, under

Colone l Robert H. Soule (promo ted to Brigadier General as a result of his brilliant execution of this

operation), decisively defealed the Japanese holding these positions, and drove on up the road that

same day. On February 3rd , the 511th Parachute Regiment drop ped on Taga ytay Ridge, key point2



UNLOADING TO START A SCOUTING MISSION ON CEBU

on the road to Ma nila, and mo ved out to spearhead the column. One hundred and four hours after

the initial landing, the 11th ran up against heavily fortified positions, supported by artillery up to

eight inches in calib er, extending across the narrow corridor in the southern outskirts of Manila.

The reduction of these positions was underway when the operation passed to Sixth Army control on

the 1 Oth of February.

Thus a flexib le, aggressive, battle-wis e comman d, immediately at the scene of the action, was

able with only a light force to outflank and neutralize 10 ,00 0 Japanese troop s in southern Luzon and

prevent the full concentration of forces that wou ld have massed to defend Manila. After theNasug bu blo w the Japanese south of Man ila never again regained any semblance of effective

organization.

By the time Eighth Arm y's job in Luzon was finished, preparations were we ll under way for the

Visayan Camp aign. General Ma cArthu r's strategic plan for the liberation of the central and southern

Philippines was a classic . First, bases for air and light naval forces on Palawan and in the

Zamboan ga Peninsula — Sulu Archip elago areas woul d be seized to complete the isolation of the

central Philippines, bring under con trol the vi tal seaway s to the west and south of the Philippines,

and render the large Japanese forces in Mindana o and the Celebes strategically impotent. Then, the

big ports and deve lope d areas on Panay, Ceb u, and Neg ros Islands wou ld be taken in a rapidsuccession of amphibious strikes. From these points, the Eighth could reach out to reoccup y the

entire Visayan area. The liberation of isolated Mindan ao was to fo llo w. By conducting these

operations concu rrently with the Luzon Cam paign, the entire Philippines wou ld be free and Ihe bulk

of our troops , wo uld be made available for operations against Japan by the time Luzon was cleare d. 23



MEN OF THE 40TH DIVISION MOVE FORWARD ON PANAY ENGINEERS BRIDGE A STREAM IN MINDANAO

heavy mountain fighting to knock out the Japanese resistance at Zamboanga, but by the third week

of April, the bulk of the enemy forces in ihe areas had been destroyed; and the Eighth had airbases

at Zamboanga and throughout the Sulu Archipelago.

The Eighth had cleared the way for the imminent invasion of Borneo by our Australian Allies.

The next major strike after Zamboanga was against Panay Island. The 40th Division was with draw n

from the battle of Luzon and turned over to the Eighth Army for the job. Under command of Ma jor

General Rapp Brush, the div ision fo rmed the nucleus of the task force wh ich , on the* 18th of Ma rch

waded ashore at Tigbauan 14 miles west of the port of lloilo and raced eastward against light delaying

action to take llo ilo in three days. The 2,200 Japanese on Panay could make no strong effort to

defend the vital port and fled to the hills in disorder.

There were an estimated 15,000 well-organized Japanese troops concentrated in the northwestern

coastal plains of Negros and opinion varied as to whether the Eighth should hit them with the

available five battalions or build up a strong force. General Headquarters offered reserves; but this

wo uld mean a dela y. General Eichelberger's previous successes had been based on the utilization

of a single mobile army reserve to cover several operations. These experiences, then, decided the

issue, and preparations for a landing on the central coast opposite lloil o were initiated immediately.The 503rd Parachute Regimental Com bat Team, reserve force, under Colo nel Geo rge M. Jones,

was alerted for a drop on northern Negros.

General Brush struck Neg ros on the 29th of Marc h. A small gallant raiding party, led by Second

Lieutenant Aaro n Hanson, c aptured the vital Bago River Bridge intact, use of wh ich was essential to

a rapid northwa rd advance, be fore the prepared demolitions co uld be set off. In the first tw o days, 25



THE END OF THE PHIL IPPINES C AM PA IGN -M AN ILA11TH AIRBORNE PREPARES FOR THE BIG JUMP-LUZON

the 40th drove northward to take the key City of Bacolod and its a irfield. The disorg anized Japanese,

unable to execute their scheme to block the Eighth's advance up the coastal highw ay at the succes

sive river lines lying across the path, started w ithdrawing into the rugged interior of the island as we

drove northward.

By Ma y 10th, northern Neg ros was ours. It had been unnecessary to drop the 503r d; but it

was brought in by water to aid in the reduction of the Japanese mountain positions which the enemy

defended doggedly for weeks before they could be overrun.

On the 26th of March, between the dates of the Panay and Negros landings, the battle-wise

Americal Division, less the 164th Infantry, under Ma |or General W illi am H. Arno ld, initiated operations

against the 15,000 enemy on Cebu Island. The troops of the Americal Division went ashore ra pidly ,

and, after dashes with delaying detachments on the road leading from the landing beach reached

Cebu City within 30 hours.

The Japanese made no effort to defend the ruined city but with dre w in go od orde r to honey

combed positions that had been prepared in the steep hills overloo king the harbor. Defense of the

excellent positions was stubborn and unyielding. Initial losses were heavy and the divisio n's 164thRegiment, under Colon el Willia m J. Mah oney, was brought in to deliver the knockout punch in a

successfully coordinated division attack.

Remnants of the Japanese deserted their positions and sca ttered to the hills . W hi le our troop s

and guerrilla force s cleared the island of remaining Japanese, the 164th Regimental C om bat Team

26 struck at Dumaguete in southern Ne gro s to eliminate the last important Japanese s tronghold in the



OPERATION CORONET

SHOWING MAJOR GROUND COMBAT ELEMENTS ALLOCATED FOR THE OPERATION SIXTH ARMY

He was given two reinforced divisions; the 24th, under Major General Roscoe B. Woodruff; and the

31st, under Majo r General Clarence A. Martin. Initial plans for a landing at Malabang 30 miles

north of Cotabato were changed enroufe when Colonel We ndell W . Fertig's guerrilla information

showed that the Japanese were withdrawing from the area and that guerrillas had occupied rhe

objective airstrip. On April 17th, the 24th Division effecte d their main landing at Parang, 10 miles

north of Cotabato; only a battalion went in at Malaban g. The follow ing day, Cotabato was takenamphibiously. The unpredictable Japanese, caught unaw are, could attempt no strong defensive action

at any point; so the Eighth Army utilized the opportunity with a quick thrust toward Davao.

At the same time, an attempt was initiated to secure as a line of supply the twis ting , treacherous

waterw ays of the great Mindanao River which parallele d the Davao Road at its midpoint. Mounted

in the heavily-armed assault craft of the amphibious 3rd Engineer Special B rigade, commanded by

Brigadier General David A. D. O gden , a regiment attacked up the river line. Both the overland and

waterborne expedition advanced rap idly . Brushing aside minor resistance, they reached the ha lfwa y

point across the island in a four-day drive . The enemy forces in the north were n ow cut off from

those around Davao. The river route prove d useable and the poo r road was abandoned as a mainline of supply.

Our unexpectedly ra pid advance to the center of the island placed us with in striking distance of

Davao Gulf and created a remarkable oppo rtunity to assault the Davao Gulf positions from their

defenseless rear be fore the Japanese could prepare adequate defenses. The situation was reminiscent

of Singapore. General Wo odru ff did not hesitate. W hile rhe 31st moved up to strike n orthw ard

28 towa rd Ma cajalar Bay, he sped on to Davao Gulf. Ap ril 27th, just 10 days after the landing at



EIGHTH ARMY

FOUR CORPS

ELEVEN DIVISIONS FIRST ARMY

Parang, the 24th reached the gulf. The beachhead which was now established did awa y with thelong and tenuous overland route, and supplies could be brought in directly by sea.

The same day the gulf was reached, G eneral Wo odruff attacked northward up the coastal road.

His objectiv e was Davao City. Three days later he had captured the city, w hile the enemy dug in

above Davao for a fight to the finish.

The 24 th Division , whic h was strung out for 50 miles along the inadequate narrow road, knifeddeep into an enemy force numbering 30,000.

General Eichelberger proclaimed the achievement as one of the bright pages of the w ar. The

rapid exploitation and the fearless, offensive action had reduced a four months' job to a two weeks' task.

W ith the taking of Davao Cit y, the strategic victory was w on ; but one of the most brutal land

battles of the Philippines Compaign had just started.

The 31st Division ran into real trouble. The rainsoaked, rutted road disintegrated rapid ly. This

eventuality was anticipated, however, and while General Martin's spearhead thrust forward, supplied

largely by air, the 108th Regimental Comba t Team, commanded by Brigadier General Robert O . Shoeof the 40th Division landed at Macajalar Bay to secure a new coastal base. Landing on Ma y 10th,

the force fought southw ard against sporadic delaying action to join with the 31st Division 13 days

later. The new supply roa d was soon in operation and the two forces m erged to destroy the enemy

area which had faded into the mountains east of the road. By the 10th of June, the remnants of the

enemy had been driven into the hills to starve or die of disease.

It took General W oo dru ff' s 24th Division nearly tw o months of hard fighting to destroy the 29



JAPA N SUES FOR PEACE - MAN ILA THE EIGHTH'S COM MAN DER GREETS GENERAL MacARTHUR AT ATSUGI

fanatical enemy in the Davao area. By the end of June, Gene ral Franklin Sibert's X Co rps had ex

tended its control over all Mindanao.

On July 1st Eighth Army assumed contro l of the entire Philippines when it was directe d to take

over the Luzon operation . Although organized Japanese resistance had been de clared broken on

Luzon, the remaining armed enemy troops had to be hunted dow n, dug out of holes, and destroye d

in order to com plete the liberation of this island. The XIV Cor ps , commanded by Lieutenant General

Oscar W . Gris wo ld, assumed the tactical control of the operation with the 6th, 32nd, 37th, and38th Divisions plus elements of three divisions and one regimen tal com bat team under his comm and.

The mopping up was handled agg ressive ly by all units and by the 15th of August the enemy force

had become so reduced as to become tactically impotent. The actual strength of the Japanese, as

indicated by casualties and surrender reports was well over 50,000.

Upon the close of the Visayan and Mindanao operations in June 1945, the Eighth Army faced its

greatest task. General Eichelberge r's veteran army was to strike the main blo w in the invasion of

Japan. Sixth Army was to start the show w ith Op eration O lymp ic aimed at the southern island of

Kyushu late in Octo be r. Then early in 1946, the Eighth and the First Armies wer e to app ly the crusher,

Operatio n Coronet, an assault on Tok yo Plain—the heart of Japan. Preliminary invasion planning wasstarted while mop-up operations were still underway on Luzon.

Suddenly the schedule changed ! On August 6th the atomic bomb was drop ped on Hiroshima.

Tw o days later the Russians plunged into the war. By August 10th the Japanese had had more than

enough and publicly sued for peace . Eighth Army was assigned the mission of taking over the

occupation of northern Honshu and was not caught unprepared . As far back as June, Gene ral0



THE SUPREME COMMANDER SIGNS THE INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER

Eichelberger had directed his staff to begin planning for this eventuality.

Tw o c om plete plans for the init ial landing we re ev olv ed , the fi rst an amphibious o ne, the second

a combinat ion of ai rborne and amphibious landings. The lat ter was subsequent ly ado pte d. The

Japanese capitula ted on August 15 th, and four day s later an advance ech elon of the Eighth Arm y

was f low n to Ok ina wa , prepared for any emerge ncy. By this t ime conferences betwe en Japanese

emissar ies and m embers of General M acA rthur 's staff had indicated that the landings and the occ upa

t ion wo uld be pea ceful . Plans were predica ted up on the full coope rat ion of the Japanese. Theenemy forces wo uld be disarmed under their ow n supervision and the A l l ied occu pat ion wo uld be

progre ssive fol lo win g dem obi l iza t ion in spec i f ied areas. The plan was designed to avo id poss ible

incidents which might renew the conf l ict .

A smal l reconnaissance party landed at Atsug i Air f ie ld, 2 0 m i les southwe st of Tok yo, on the

morning of August 28th . The prima ry mission of this group w as to determine the con dition of the

air f ield and to establ ish operat ional faci l i t ies.

In what has been term ed the most d aring landing in histo ry, Gen eral Eichelberger arrived in Japan

with the f irst echelon of the 11th Airborn e Division sho rt ly af ter daybreak on August 30th . This smallgroup of men were landing in a host i le country where they we re outnumbered thousands to one by

near ly 4 ,0 00 ,0 00 men st il l under arms in Japan. Othe r units of Eighth Army arr ived in rapid succes

sion. O n Sep tember 2 nd, the surrender terms we re sign ed in an impressive ce remo ny on the Missouri

in To ky o Bay. Three days later the flag of the United States was raised ov er the Am erica n Embassy

in V o k y o . It wa s then that General MacA rfhur gave the Eighth Arm y's Comman der the mem orable

o r d e r : 3 1

LU



-Vr

EIGHTH ARMY

BCOF

Gen eral Eichelberger, have our country's [lag unfurled and in Tokyo's sun let it wave in its

[ull glory as a symbol of hope for the oppressed and as a harbinger of victory for the right.

By mid-O ctober Eighth Army had comp leted its primary mission of occu pying northern Honshu

pothly, rapidly, and efficiently the troops of three corps, consisting of seven divi

ental comba t teams, took up their occupa tion posts in Japan. During this time

sited the men of his command impressing them with the thought that they were

the United States of Ame rica. Sixth Arm y, which had been assigned Southernrd Kyushu, comp leted its part of the occupation mission by the end of Oc tobe r,

with the inactivation of the Sixth Army, Eighth Army took over the occupation

of Japan with its 75,0 00,0 00 p opulation . At peak strength, late in 1945, the tw o Armies had a total

strength of nearly half a million men. Six months later there remained only one army w ith a strength

well under 200,000. Nevertheless the occupation was running smoothly and quietly—a situation many

had thought impossible at the beginning.

The most bitter war in Pacific history had left Japan prostrate. Small groups of da ze d, we ary-

eye d Japanese stared silently and impassively at the first Am ericans to land. The drab ruins of

Yokohama were almost deserted, particularly by the women who had fled to the country in terror of

the invadeySW^At first the American veterans w ere wa ry — a few days before they had been wagin g

a bl oo dy ^j |L ^g a in st these people — yet firmness to duty was combined with an admirable restraint

from c r i ^ ^ ^ J ^ came not as arrogant conquerors in a defeated land but to uphold the traditions

for wh ich they fought. The natural friendliness of the Gl and the coope rative attitude of the Japanese

quickly overcame fears and prejudices. The lesson these soldiers taught has had a tremendous

impact on Japanese hhought. After a year of occu pation , General MacA rthur cou ld say :



T H E Z O N E S O F RESPONSIBILITY

I wish to pay tribute to the magnificent c onduct of the troops. W ith few exceptions they

could be taken as a mo de l for all time as a conque ring a rmy . . . Noth ing has so tended to impress

Japa nese thought — not eve n the catastro phic fact of military defe at itself. They have for the first

time seen the free man 's way o f life in actual operation and it has stunned them to new thoughts

and new ideas.

Whereas bands of dem obiliz ed soldiers and underground organizations might have been expected

to wage guerrilla warfare or offer resistance in other ways, neither of these potentialities developed.Occ upa tional personnel travel casually and unarmed throughout Japan and m ingle freely with a co

ope rative popu lace whic h almost universally shows great respect for, but little fear or resentment

toward, the American . Arms have not been carried except when on duty since the first weeks of the

occupation. The number of overt acts against occupa tional personnel have been so limited and so

minor in nature as to be almost negligible.

The Japanese who had fearfully speculated concerning their fate as they first watched our troops

from the shadows of their ruined cities now have new hope and faith in the future. W ith c ivil rights

wh ich heretofore they have never enjoyed, with the rebuilding of their cities, and with the restoring

of their peacetime economy all eyes are hopefully turned tow ard the eventual peace.

Eighth Army had acc omp lished its initial mission— to bring in troops and occupy the strategic areas

and governmental centers of Japan—but that was only part of the job . "M er cy tea ms " had been

organized to exped ite the release of the thousands of Allie d prisoners in Japanese stockades. These

teams arrived in Yokohama on August 30th along with the advance echelon of Eighth Arm y. They

were aided by United States planes which swo ope d over the prison camps to drop food and. supplies. 33



DOK O DES'KA ?

fives issued to the Japanese by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers."

Basic instructions for the conduct of the occupa tion were delive red to General MacArthur in the

form of a document known as the "Initia l Post-Surrender Policy for Japan ." Though it was w ritten at

the close of a bitter and cos tly war, the document is remarkable (or its lack of vindictiveness and its

concern for the welfa re of the common peop le of a nation whic h had so recently been a treacher

ous and unscrupulous foe . The po licy was ruthless, how eve r, in so far as it dictated that the milita

rist and the influence of militarism which led Japan into war be totally eliminated from her politi ca l,

econom ic, and social life. Japan was to be completely disarmed and demilitarized and her war

making poten tial destroy ed in order " to insure that Japan wi ll not again become a menace to the

United States or the peace and sepurity of the w o rl d ." Our second objective was " to bring about

the eventual establishment of a peaceful and responsible government" which wou ld "con form as

close ly as may be to the principles of democratic self-government. . . "

Subsequent instructions, which have implemented rather than changed the general policies.outlined

above, are app rove d by an eleven-nation Far Eastern Commission and transmitted to General MacA rthur

wh o is responsible for putting them into practice. He is assisted by a four-power Allied Council

an adv isor y bod y only , seated in Tok yo. The Japanese Government receives orders in the form of

directives from General M acArthur, and Eighth Army is responsible for the enforcement of these

directives throughout Japan.

The first of the objectives, that of demilitarizing Japan, was accomplished with startling speed.

The Japanese War and Navy Ministries were converted into demobilization ministries which disarmed

and dem obilized more than 2,5 00 ,0 00 Japanese soldiers and 1,300,000 sailors, then in Japan, in less 35



DESTRUCTION OF WAR MATERIEL

than [our months. The occupational troops s eized a ll military installations and huge amounts of

munitions, arms, and other material. Milita ry installations, except for those needed by the occupationa l

forces, have been gradually returned to the Japanese—many a former airfield is now cov ered w ith

growin g crops. Army stockpiles of foo d and clothing were returned to the people for domestic use.

Hundreds of tanks, thousands of airplanes, and millions of weapons were scrapped and their metals

recast into implements of peaceful pursuits. Nea rly one million tons of explosives have been destroy ed

by demolition, burning, or dumping at sea—a tricky and dangerous job accomplished by Eighth Army

Ordnance experts. Underwater clearance teams have swept all important harbors. Small caches of

unreported arms and munitions are still being dis cove red, but no orga nized plan to circumvent the

directives has come to light.

In order to shatter Japan's war-making p otential, Eighth Army, on orders from the Supreme Com

mander, has seized and held for reparations more than 900 industrial plants which had been used to

manufacture the materials for Japan's war machine.

The end of the war found over 6,5 00,0 00 Japanese overseas, scattered from Manchuria to

Singapore and throughout the islands of the Pacific. Ne arl y 1,165,000 non-Japanese Asiatics living

in Japan wished to return fo their native lands. Making use of b oth Am erican and Japanese shipping ,a repatriation program was instituted in the autumn of 1945. The respons ibility for repatriation was

placed on the Japanese Government under Eighth Army supervision. By mid-194 7, M ilitary Government

repatriation officers cou ld proudly announce that more than 5,50 0,00 0 persons had been returned to

their homes, both to and [rom Japan, through nine repatriation centers. The slightly less than a

million Japanese still remaining overseas were practically all in Russian-controlled areas (rom which6



REPATRIATION OF FOREIGN NATIONALS DEMOBILIZATION OF THE ARMED FORCES

repatriation was slowly taking place through the three centers still in operation.

In December 1945, the Eighth Arm y tribunals began the arduous task of bringing Japanese war

criminals to trial. 175 cases involving 3 68 defendants were com pleted in the first 20 months. Ten

commissions w ork ed stead ily to bring spee dy justice to the more than 500 suspects still awa iting trial.

The responsibility for the conduct of these trials, except for the prosecution, rests with Eighth Army

which must try all such cases save those of the top-ranking suspects held before the International

Tribunal in To kyo . Penalties given by the courts have been severe , but both the Japanese and theworld press have attested to the fairness and justice with which the trials have been conducted.

War criminal suspects and those already convicted, numbering well over one thousand Japanese,

are held by Eighth Army in Sugamo Prison, a modern penifentiary on the outskirts of Tokyo . This

institution has re ceived much praise, both for the efficiency with wh ich it is opera ted and for the

humane yet strict treatment accorded the prisoners.

The secret po lice , Japan's Ge stap o, was disso lved . The treacherous Black Dragon Society and

other ultra-nationalistic organizations were o utlaw ed. Milita ry exercises were prohib ited in schools

and text book s revised to eliminate militaristic teaching. The Shinto religion , w hich had been twisted

to support the militaristic clique and to glo rify Japan's "div ine * des tiny," was denied state supportand its influence eliminated from the schools.

The Zaibatsu, giant family monopolies, had lowered the living standards of the majority of the

Japanese peo ple and stifled free econom y. These corporation s have been broken up and their hold

ings turned over to a government agency for resale to the public. Anti-mon opolistic legislation has

been written into the law books. 37



EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMENFIRST WA R C RIMES TRIAL

W ith the demo bilization of the Japanese Army and Nav y, the destruction o f the tools of war,

the elimination of militarism as an ideal, the punishment of war crimina ls, and the disso lution of the

Zaibatsu, the dow nfall of Japan's military pow er wa s more or less com pleted. The accomplishment

of the second objective—"to bring about the eventual establishment of a peaceful and responsible

government. . . "— h a s also been achieved to the extent p ossible for the time, but history will indicate

the ultimate value the Japanese will p lace on this rare heritage by the zea l with which they will

guard and defend it.Beginning with his famous "Bill of Rights" directive in the second month of the occupation,

General MacArthur has issued a steady flow of orders to the Japanese Government designed to

guide the thinking of the peo ple into new paths and to establish a government that w ill be a true

expression of the people's wil l . Legislation controlling freedom of speech, press, assembly, and

religion wa s ab rogated . Wo me n were made equal with men in the eyes of the law . Political

prisoners were liberated. The trade union movement was lega lized and quickly m ushroomed into

thousands of unions with nearly five million m embers. The political-ec ono mic purges have bar red

nearly half a million wa rtime militarists and profitee rs from public life. School teachers have been

carefully screened to remove those w ho still nurture militaristic and ultra-nationalistic idea ls. Theschool curriculum has been revised, text books rewritten, and the educational system decentralized.

Under the occupation, two elections, as free as any in the w or ld, have been held. More than

seventy percent of the eligible electorate, including women for the first time, have voted in thegeneral elections. In its voting, the public has indicated a preference for a middle course and elec ted

few candidates from either the right or left extremes.8



LAND REFORM BECOMES A REALITY

A new constitution has been ado pte d, one of the most enlightened in the w or ld. It renounces

war as a means of policy, recognizes the dignity and rights of the individual, creates a Diet and a

Cabinet directly responsible to the electorate, and transfers sovereignty from the Emperor to the

peo ple. The Emperor, by his ow n admission no longer divine, has been shorn of pow er and most

of his wealth but still commands the respect and veneration of the mass of the Japanese.

There can be no real political freedom where the mass of the people are in economic want and

bond age. Endless encouragement and he lp has been given to the Japanese by the Occu pationa lForces in the rehab ilitation of peacetime industry, the increase of farm production, and the restorationof foreign trade. Thousands of tons of American foo d has been distributed among the pe ople tofill the gap until their own e conom y is self-sufficient. A land reform program has been instituted withthe aim of making five million tenant farmers independent.

Fifty-four Eighth Arm y M ilitary Government Teams stationed throughout the country, in addition to

Special Staff Sections at Army and C orps level keep close wa tch on the progress from totalitarian

feudalism to a dem ocratic form of government and economic s elf-sufficiency. One team serves each

of the 4 6 prefectures and each of the eight administrative regions. The primary mission of Milita ry

Government is to supervise the execution of the directives of the Supreme Com mander. The EighthArmy policy has been based on the idea that the Japanese people are responsible for their present

condition and must work out their own salvation, none-fhe-less, every effort must be made to revitalize

industry, agriculture, mining, fishing, commerce and trade, and other phases of the economic life in

order to make the people se lf-sufficient as rapid ly as poss ibie. Through constant surveillance health

and public welfare standards have been raised.

There is much groping and fumbling by the Japanese people in their struggle to practice 39



DEMOCRATIZE THE SCHOOLS IMMUNIZATION TO SAFEGUARD HEALTH

talents. A large percentage of the draftee replacements had little more than five weeks of basic

training. These men com plete d their thirteen weeks training schedu le under Eighth Army tutelage .

Nine large schools train technicians in the various technical branches of the army, and the divisions

conduct similar scho ols. Tactical units have held numerous field exercises and maneuvers to keep

their org anizations at a high standard of proficien cy. A number of disasters — earthquakes, tidal

wav es, fires, and floods — have found the troops we ll organized and prepared for any emergency.

The peo ple of stricken areas have learned that they can rely on immediate and generous aid when

disaster strikes.

Bringing in supplies and distributing them to the wid ely scattered units throughout the country is

a special prob lem. The 2nd Ma jor Port in Yokohama operates the w or ld's fifth largest port where

most of the shipping brings in troop s and supplies for Eighth Army. Kobe Base receives supplies

for troops in the southern part of Japan and also reclaims army property—equipment valued at more

than thirty million dollars having been rep aired there during the first two years of the occupa tion.

All passenger and freight trains used by the Allie d Forces in Japan are the respons ibility of the 3rd

Transportation Milit ary Railway Service. This unit ope rates sleepers, diners, b aggage cars , nearly

600 passenger coach es, ho spital cars, Post Exchange trains, and other railway facilities in addition

to handling nearly 200,000 tons of Allied freight each month.The Quartermaster Section has de velo ped and is operating the two largest hydrop onic farms in

the wo rld . These furnish the occupa tional personnel in Japan and Korea w ith fresh vegetables.

Apa rt from its princ ipal job of procuring and issuing the supplies which keep the army going, the

Q M Section also operates shoe an d equipment repair shops, sales comm issaries, service stations

and a wide variety of other service installations. 41



EIGHTH ARMY DEPENDENT HOUSING

Fifty "cir cu it-r idin g" professional librarians maintain a high standard of service in the tw o

metrop olitan and 185 smaller libraries which have been established for the troop s. Mo tion picture

theaters are open nightly, and numerous plays and variety shows have been pro vide d, including those

given by Japanese performers.

The American Red Cross with its helpful field directo rs, cheerful hostesses, and well equipped

service clubs perform ed invaluable services for the troop s throughout the first two years of the

occu pation . The second anniversary of the end of the war found the Army taking ove r the 56

Service Club s from the ARC for continued use and enlisting the services of many of the Red Crossgirls as army hostesses.

The arrival of dependents was another important factor in the maintenance of a high level of

mora le. The first families arrived in June 1946, and to date over 8,000 fam ilies have been brought

to Japan. The Engineers have been resp onsible for the planning, building, and remodeling of the

thousands of homes in which these families are quartered. AN of the homes conform to high

standards of American living. Schools are prov ided for the children , and commissaries and Post

Exchange services have been enlarged to meet household needs.

Eighth Army was successful in w a r; it has been successful in peace. Care ful planning, excellent

leade rship, and conscientiously performe d duty have resulted in an occup ation which has demonstratedto a defeated peo ple the best that America has to offer in the realm of human values. All this is a

tribute to the American soldier in Japan. Secretary of Wa r Patterson crysta lized the thought when,

speaking of the troops of Eighth Army, he said, ".. .th ey are the best representatives the American

nation could ha ve...It is an Army capab le of c arrying out the difficult duties of the occup ation, — an

Army of which the American nation is proud." 43



THE

EIGHTH ARMY

MILITARYGOVERNMENT

OF JAPAN4



TOKYO-KANAGAWASPECIAL DISTRICT

HOKKAIDOSPECIAL DISTRICT



HEIGHTH'S

GENERALS



IX CORPS COMMANDER

MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES W . RYDER

Gradua ted the United States Milita ry Acad emy in 1915 and, after a short perio d of service on

the Mexican border, served in France with the 1st Division. In the post-w ar years he instructed atthe Milita ry Academ y and at Fort Benning, G eo rgia . From 1930 to 1933 he served with the 15th

Infantry Regiment in Tientsin, China. Upon his return to the United States he joined the W ar Depart

ment General Staff. In 1937 he left this post to become Commandant of Cade ts at the Milita ry

Academy. He returned to field duty in January 1941 when he became Chief of Staff of VI Co rps ,a tour which was to be follo we d by his assignment as assistant commander of the 90th Infantry

Division and his promotion to Brigadier General.

He went overseas in May 1942 as commander of the 34th Infantry Division but assumed

command of the entire Eastern Assault Force sho rtly after his prom otion to Majo r Gene ral in July

1942. With this force he cleared Algiers ; and later led the 34th Division through the Tunisian and

Italian Campaigns.

Following his return to the United States on July 25th, 1944, he assumed command of the IX

Corp s which he took to the Philippines. After the Japanese surrender he brought this command up

from Leyte to assume duties of occupation force in Hokkaido and Northern Honshu.

General Ryder holds the Distinguished Service Cross w ith cluster, the Distinguished ServiceMedal, the Legion of M erit with cluster, the Silver Star with cluster, the Purple Heart, and the ArmyCommendation Ribbon.8



MAJ GEN CHARLES L. MULL1NS, JR LIAM C. CHASE MAJ GEN JOSEPH M. SWINC

2 4 INF DIV 25 INF DIV I C A V 1 1 AB DI V

BRIG GEN ROBERT W . CRI CHL OW JR BRIG GEN FRANK C. McCONNELLLT GE N H.C. H. ROBERTSON

KOBE BASE 2D MAJOR PORTBCOF

49



NEW GUINEA MAPIA-ASIA LEYTE MIND ORO PAL AW AN ZA MB O AN GA PANAY NEGROS CEB



OPERATIONSO H

GHTHOHOL MINDANAO LUZON JAPAN



NETHERLAND'S EAST INDIES NEW GUINEAGeneral Robert L. Eichelberger took command of the Eighth Arm y on September 7, 1944 .

Tw o days later it received its first mission — the destruction of the enemy remaining in N ew

Guinea and the Net he rland s East Indies and the staging of units for the pending assaults on

the Philippines. Units that we re to become a part of this army we re scattere d throughout

Australia, the Bismarck Arc hipe lago , the Adm iralties and N ew Guinea. In many areas — Biak,

Mo rof ai, Wakde-Sa rmi, No em foo r, and Sansapor — fighting was still in progress. Highly train

ed and battle-hardened combat units com pleting their assignments in the N ew Guinea and

Ne ther land s East Indies operations hastily staged for new assaults on the Philippines, one

thousand miles closer to the Japanese homeland ; long range bombers of the 5th Air Force

based on Biak in the Schouten Islands, were delivering heavy strikes on the Philippine Islands

to soften up Japanese positions there; the stage was set and the Eighth Army was ready for

its subsequent role in the drama of the Pacific War.52



MAPIA-ASIAThe f irst amph ibious assaul ts exclusively under the control of Eighth Army were the Ma pia-

Asia landings : the objec t ives wer e to take bases sui table for the establishment of LO RA N

(long range navigat ion by radar) stat ions, and to close the com municat ion gap betwee n the

Biak airba se and the adv anc e lines in the Phil ippines. Com mitted to this mission we re units

of the veteran 31st Division which was st i l l engaged in the st ruggle on Morotai ; the 2d Bat

tal ion of the 167th Infantry wa s assigned the Ma pia landings , while Co mp any F of the 124thInfantry was designated to make the landings on the Asia Islands.

The landings bega n on No ve mb er 15, 1 944, with the assault on Pegun Island of the

Ma pia gr ou p; f ive days later the Ma pia -As ia Islands we re secured, signal ling the com ple

ion of the f irst assault mission of the Eighth Army.



^v



DH DD NES



t

, SUBIC BAY-NASUGBUThe briefest of the Eighth Army operations was the assault on Subic Bay in Zambales Province.

This was a three-fold mission: to protect the exp osed right flank of XIV Corps, to regain

the pre-war naval base at O lon gapo , and to bloc kade the Bataan Peninsula. The mission was

assigned to the XI Co rps , consisting of the 38th Division and the 34th Regimental Combat

Team of the 24th Division. The initial penetration was made on the Zam bales coast about

15 miles northwest of Subic Bay on January 29, 1945. This surprise maneuver made possible

an unopposed landing and the opera tion was so successful that General Eichelberger was

able to hand the force over to the Sixth Army 24 hours after the landing.

The plan of rhe Nasugbu Beach Operation was originated at a conference between General

Douglas Mac Arthur and General Eichelberger in Nov ember 1944 at the Arm y Headquarters

on Leyte. The Eighth Army was to land an assault force on southwestern Luzon with the

mission of diverting Japanese combat units from the engagements in northern Luzon, disrupting

the Japanese lines of comm unications, and advancing on Ma nila . This mission wa s to be

under the personal direction of General Eichelberger.

The landing was made on the 31st of January, 1945, by the 11th Airborne Division

reinforced with two battalions of the 19th Infantry, 24th Division. The entire opera tion, fromthe Nasugbu beachhead and the parachute jump on Tagayfay Ridge to the swift drive into the

outskirts of Manila, an advance of over 50 miles in four days, was characterized by rapid

exploitation and dynamic forward movement.

The 1 lth Airborne received an earned "w el l-d on e" when Eighth Army relinquished controlof the operation on the 10th of February.8



VISAYAN PASSAGESThe one operation which contributed more than any other to the amazing total of amphibious

landings made by units of the Eighth Army was the "Clearance of the Visayan Passages."

Although Min doro and Marinduque belong to the Visayan Island Group and it might be

assumed that the landings on these islands in December and January initiated the operation,

such was not the case. The concept was first presented in a letter from General MacA rthur

dated February 5, 1945, on the progress of the Luzon Campaign, in which he called on theEighth Army to institute operations at the earliest practicable date to clear the islands bordering

the passages. The commanders of the Allied Naval and Air Forces were to synchronize their

efforts in these areas in accordance with the plans and requests of General Eichelberger.

The first landing was made February 19th on the island of Biri and the last was made on the

3rd of A pril on Mas bate Island. Units engaged included elements of the X Co rps, the 24th,

Americal, and 40th Divisions.



I

VICTOR IVAMBOANGA-SULU:The Victo r IV op erat ion wa s rhe last m ajor c om bat assignment for the 41st Division . The

iniMal landing was aimed at rhe port of Zamboanga which was raken on March 11th,

D-day plus one. 1 he rroop s then too k the entire coa stal area in the vicinity of Zam boa nga

befo re cont inuing rheir d r ive dow n rhe Sulu Archip elag o. Man y minor landings were made

in the is land chain befo re rhe operat ion w as co mp leted . The landing on Sanga Sanga broughtrhe unit ro within 35 miles of Borneo. The landing on Jolo, tradiMonal seal- of the Sultans of

Sulu wa s seco nd only in imporfan ce ro rhe main landing at Zam boa nga . The guerri l las on

rhis island were the fierce Moros conquered by General Pershing during rhe Phil ippine

Insurrect ion. They helped conside rably to br ing this op erat ion to an ear ly and successful

conclusion by fheir ruthless attacks on [he Japanese.



VICTOR I : PANAY-NEGROSThe 40th Division, with the 503rd Parachute Regimental Combat Team attached, was

assigned the mission of taking Panay and Neg ros Occiden tal. Mo st of the Japanese unitsorigina lly stationed on Panay had been transferred to Leyte during the early phase of the

Leyte Campa ign. The ones remaining were restricted to the city areas by guerrilla pressure.

The initial landing was made on the 18th of March at Tigbauan, on Panay. The small

force defending the beach was annihilated. The division advanced quickly on llo ilo utilizingtanks for the spearhead. The city was captured the next day and the remnants of the

Japanese force were driven into the hills. W ith the com pletion of this phase of the ope ra

tion, the 185th Regimental C ombat Team landed on Neg ros Occide ntal on the 29th of Ma rch.

Before this action was terminated, both the 160th Regimental Comba t Team and the 503rdParachute Regimental Combat Team were comm itted. The action was com pleted and civil

government was restored by the 9th of May.2



CEBU-NEGROS: VCTOR

Cebu and Bohol and the Dumaguete area of Neg ros Oriental were the last areas in the

Visaya s sMll in Japanese hands. Cebu was the best fort ified and defended island remaining

to them. Eighth Army Headquarters estimated that in Cebu City alone there were over

8,500 tro ops . The Americal D ivision, only American d ivision to be activated in the Pacific

combat zone, utilized tracked landing vehicles for the initial penetration at Talisay, southwest

of Cebu City, on the 26 th of Ma rch , 1945. The beach defenses were so elaborate and

effective that eight of these vehicles were knocked out b efore the units were able to cross

the beach. It took almost a month to break the Japanese resistance in the Cebu City area

but the ope ration progressed ra pidly after this had been accomplished. The landing onBoho l was made by the 3rd Battalion of the 164th Infantry on the 10th of Ap ril and the

island was com pletely cleared of Japanese by the end of Ap ril. The final phase of the

Victor II op eration was the taking of Neg ros Oriental by the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the

164th Infantry. This landing was made on the 26th of Apri l and within one month the area

was under American control.



'• V \

V,CTORV M I N D A N A O

Victor V, wi th Mind ana o as i ts target, wa s the m ost important ope rat ion exclu sively under

Eighth Arm y con trol. The island h ad been isola ted from the rest of the Phil ippines by the

ear l ier Victor operat ions. The most note worth y tact ical m aneuver of this ope rat ion wa s the

dr ive to the Dava o Gulf , an advance of o ver 100 mi les which w as acco mp l ished within nine

da ys after the landing at Parang on A pri l the 17th. The Japane se had the adv anta ge of

terrain and much of the f ight ing occ urred in country wh ich wa s impassab le to vehicular

t r a f f i c ; how we l l the foot-s logg ing infantrymen and the engineers carr ied out their missionwas indicated by the speed with which they took their successive ob|ect ives.

The tact ical force of Victor V wa s the X C orps w hich consisted of the 24th and 31st

Div is ions supported by the 108th Regimental Com bat Team of the 40th Div is ion, the 162nd

Regimental Com bat Team and the 3rd B attal ion of the 16 3rd Infantry of the 41st Div is io n, and

6 4 the 3rd Battal ion of the 164th Infantry, Am erical Div is ion.



LUZONThe Eighth Arm y assumed con trol of the entire Philippines when, on July 1, 1945, it was

directed to take over the Luzon operations. Although organized resistance had been declared

broken, the remaining armed troops had to be hunted dow n, dug out of holes and caves,

and destro yed in order to com plete the liberation of the island. The actual strength of the

Japanese, as indicated by later figures on casualties and surrenders, was well over 50,000.

Leading this force was the notorious "Tiger of Malaya," General Tomoyuki Yamashita.

The XIV Corps assumed the ta ctical control of the operation and, under its command

were the 6th, 32nd, 37th, and 38th Divisions and elements of the 43rd Infantry D ivision , the11th Airborn e Divis ion, the 1st Ca valry Division, and the 158th Regimental Com bat Team.The mopping-up was handled aggressively by all units and the enemy force had becometactically impotent by the 15th of August when General Eichelberger directed that all offensiveaction cease.

JAPANThe Japanese surrender ended the feverish preparations of the Eighth Arm y Staff for the

conte mpla ted at tack against the heart of Jap an — the Kanto plain — the Tokyo-Yo koham aarea. The grim out look of an amp hibious assault against an army of m il l ions wa s a ltered to

one of o ccu py ing the homeland of a conque red enem y. The staff sections wo rke d night

and day on " Black l is t ," the top secret plan which had been evolved months before to take

care of jusr such an even tuality. Me mb ers of the staff landed with the earliest com ba t

troo ps on the 30th of Aug ust ; the 11th Airbo rne and the 1st Ca valry bega n their

ini tial reconnaissances of the metropol i tan area of Tokyo -Yokoha ma. Two days later the

staff members joined the other mi l i tary leaders abo ard the batt leship " M i s s o u r i to wi tness

the signing of the surrender docum ents by the Japanese represe ntatives. O n the same da y

the Eighth Arm y Headqua rters convo y steamed out of Leyte on i ts w ay tow ards Yokohama

to join the advance command post.

The Eighth Arm y Zone of Respon sibil i ty w as northern H onshu and Hok kaid o. This was

exte nde d January 1946 to include southern Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. At its peak

strength the Eighth Arm y controlle d six corp s. Of this fo rce the I Co rps with the 24th and

25th Divisions and the IX Corps with the 1st Cavalry and 11th Airborne remain.



T H O S E W H O S E R V E D T H E I R C O U N T R Y E Y O N D T H E



FOR

VALOR

A N D

SERVICA L L O F D U T Y



FOR CONSPICUOUS GALLANTRY AN D INTRE PIDITY A T THE RISK OF HIS LIFE

THE MEDAL OF HONOR

JAMES H. DIAMOND

Private First Class JAMES H. DIAMOND (Army Serial No. 34872309), as a member of a machine-gunsecMon, Company D, 21 sr Infantry Regiment, Army of me United States, disp layed extreme gallantry

and intrepidit/ on 8, ' , 10, and ?45, at Min tal, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Wh en a

Japanese sniper rose from his fox hole to throw a grenade into their m idst, this valiant soldie r

led the enemy with a burst from his submachine gun and simultaneously directing the fire

of 105mm and .50 caliber weapons upon the enemy pillboxes immobilizing his and another machine-

gun section, he enabled them to put their guns into action . Wh en tw o infantry companies established

a bridgehead , he vo luntarily assisted in evacuating the wounded under heavy fire and, securing an

transported casualties to the rear through mortar and a rtillery fire so intense as

to render the vehicle inope rative, despite the fact he was suffering from a painful wound. The

: again volunteered, this time for the hazardous job of repairing a bridge under

heavy enemy fire. On 14 May 1945, when leading a patrol to evacuate casualties from his batta lion,

rough a virtual hail of Japanese fire to secure an abandoned machine

ied as he reached the gun, he succeeded in drawing sufficient fire uponthe patrol could reach safety. Private DIA M ON D' S

disregard of danger, and eagerness to assist his comrades will ever

heroic sacrifice to those for whom he gave his life.

Posthumous Award-War Department General Order No. 23 dated 6 March 1946



HARRY R. HARR

Corporal HARRY R. HARR (Army Serial No. 33256924), an acting squad leader of Company D,

124m Infantry Regiment, Army of me United States, displayed conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity

near Mag lam in, M ind an ao , Philippine Islands, on 5 June 1945. In a fierce counterattack, the Japaneseclosed in on his machine-gun emplacement hurling grenades, one of which explod ed under the gun,

puffing it out of action and wounding two of the crew. W hile the remaining gunners were desperately t

attempting to repair their wea pon , another grenade landed squarely in the emplacement. Qu ickly

realizing he could not safely throw the unexploded missile from the crowded position, Corporal

HARR unhes itatingly cove red it with his bod y to smother the blast. His supremely courageous act,

which cost him his life, saved four of his comrades and enabled them to continue their mission.

Posthumous Award-War Department General Order No. 28 dated 28 March 1946

MELVIN MAYFIELD

Corp oral MEL VIN MAYFIELD (Army Serial N o. 35003011) Company D, 20th Infantry Regiment, Army

of the United States, on 29 July 1945, displayed conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity while fighting

in the Cord illera Moun tains, Luzon, Philippine Islands. When two Filipino companies w ere pinned

down under a torrent of enemy fire w hich co nverged on them from a circular ridge commanding their

position, Co rpo ral M AYFIELD, in a gallant single-handed effort to aid them, rushed from shell hole

to shell hole until he reached four enemy caves atop the barren fire-swept hill. With grenades and

his carbine, he assaulted each of the caves while enemy fire pounded about him. How ever,

before he had annihilated the last hostile redoubt, a machine-gun bullet destroyed his weapon and

slashed his left hand. Disreg arding his wo und , he secured more grenades and dauntlessly charged

again into the face of point-blank fire to help destroy a hos tile obse rvation post. By his gallantdetermination and heroic leadersh ip, Corp oral MAYFIELD inspired the men to eliminate all remaining

pockets of resistance in the area and to press the advance against the enemy.

War Department General Order No. 49 dated 31 May 1946 ' 6 9



THE MEDAL OF HONOR

JOHN C. SJOGREN

Staff Sergeant JOH N C. SJOGREN (Army Serial No . 36421 567), Company I, 160th Infantry Regi

ment, Army of the United States, led an attack on 23 May 1945 near San Jose Hacienda, Ne gro s,

Philippine Islands, against a high, precipitous ridge defended by a company of enemy riflemen , who

• were intrenched in spider holes and supported by well-sea led pillboxes housing automatic we aponswith interlocking bands of fire. The terrain was such that only one squad could advance at a time,

and from a knoll atop the ridge a pillbox covered the only approach with automatic fire. Against

this enemy strong hold , Sergeant Sjogren led the first squad to open the assault. Deploy ing his men

he moved forwa rd and was hurling grenades w hen he saw that his next in command, at the opp osite

flank, was gravely wound ed. Withou t hesitation, he crossed 20 yards of expo sed terrain in the faceof enemy fire and exploding dynamite charges, moved the man to cover, and administered first aid.

He then worked his way forward and, advancing directiy into the enemy fire, killed eight Japanese

in spider holes guarding the approach to the pillbox. Craw ling to within a few feet of the pillbox

wh ile his men concen trated their bullets on the fire por t, he began drop ping grenades through the

narrow firing slit. The enemy immediately threw two or three of these unexploded grenades out,and fragments from one woun ded him in the hand and back. Ho we ver, by hurling grenades through

the embrasure faster than the enemy could return them, he succeeded in des troying the occupants.

Despite his wound s, he directed his squad to fo llow him in a systematic attack on the remaining

pos itions, which he eliminated in like manner, taking tremendous risks, ove rcom ing bitter resistance ,

and never hesitating in his relentless advance. To silence one of the pillboxes , he wrenched a lightmachine gun out through the embrasure as it was firing befo re b low ing up the occupan ts with hand

grenades. During this action, Sergeant SJOGREN, by his heroic brave ry, aggressiveness, and skill

as a soldier, single handedly killed 43 enemy soldiers and destroye d nine pillboxe s, thereby paving

the way for his company's successful advance.

War Department General Order No. 97 dated 1 November 19450



EXTRAORDINARY

Achi l le, John J.

Bjorkland, Robert J.

Braswell, Wil l iam W.

Bridger, James R.

C l i f f o rd , Thomas E.

Col gan , Aquinal T.

Crouch, Theodore

Cushing, James M.

Dalton, Ell is C.Edwards, Robert J.

Evans, Winford A.

Fell-, Leon G.

Finney, Harold L.

Fiori, Angel o M .

Flaherty, David K.

Flint, Donald H.

Graham, Lawron O.

Grot to , Anthony F.Haf fenref fer, Adol f F.

Hansen, Glen J.

Harper, Robert D.

Hendershot t , Robert I .

Herauf, Peter A.

HEROISM IN A MILITARY OPERATION AGAINST THE ENEMY

" '

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSSCorporal 1 l th Ai rborne Division

1st Lieutenant 31st Infantry Division

Technical Sergeant 24th Infantry Division

Private First Class 40th Infantry Division

Col one l 24th Infantry Division

Chaplain (Captain) 31st Infantry Division

Cap tain 24th Infantry Division

Lieutenant Colonel 82nd Division; P.A.


Major 7th Infantry Division

Staff Sergeant 6th Infantry Division

Technician 5th Grade 1st Cavalry Division

Sergeant 1st Cavalry Division

Private First Class Americal Infantry Division




Private First Class Americal Infantry DivisionCapta in Americal Infantry Division

Private First Class 41st Infantry Division

1st Lieutenant 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment


Technical Sergeant 6th Infantry Division 71

Hinds, Ervin M. Private First Class 40th Infantry Division

Hughes, Ray N. Private First Class 40rh Infantry Division

Jackman, Sail E. Staff Sergeant Americal Infantry Division

Jarosz, Emil W. 2nd Lieutenant 24th Infantry Division



Jepma, Samuel Sergeant 24th Infantry DivisionJordon, William O. Jr. Private 24th Infantry DivisionKersten, Marvin G. Private First Class 40th Infantry DivisionKinder, Wendell B. Technical Sergeant Americal Infantry DivisionLangham, Albert J. • Private First Class 41st Infantry DivisionLaule, Walter F. Private First Class 24th Infantry DivisionLear, George A. Private First Class 7th Infantry DivisionLott, Malcolm E. Private First Class 1st Cavalry DivisionMartin, William R. Private 7th Infantry DivisionMclnnis, John L. Private First Class XI. Corps

Mendoza, Henry R. Private First Class 7th Infantry DivisionMiklovic, Frank Private First Class 40th Infantry DivisionMurray, John J. Staff Sergeant 31st Infantry DivisionNewman, Aubrey S.Nokes, Wil l iam A.

Obermayer, Charles R.

O'Dea, Michael J.Patterson, John F.

Petrisek, EdgarPostlethwait, Edward M.

Quarles, William R.Richards, William H.Richmond, John R.Robbins, Joseph

Rodgers, William J.

Schimmelpfenning, Irvin R.

Colonel

Sergeant

1st Lieutenant

Captain

Private First Class

Technical Sergeant

Lieutenant Colonel

Private First Class1 st Lieutenant

CaptainStaff Sergeant

1 st Lieutenant

Colonel

24th Infantry Division

Americal Infantry Division

31st Infantry Division


503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment



24th Infantry Division32nd Infantry, Division

503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment40th Infantry Division

222nd AAA Searchlight Battalion

1 1 th Airborne DivisionSerrano, Conrado N.

Smart, Marvin L.Solley, Charles M. Jr.Soule, Robert H.

Private

Staff Sergeant

Private First Class

Colonel

503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment

32nd Infantry Division

41 st Infantry Division

1 1 th Airborne DivisionSpragins, Robert B.Stokes, Wilmer E.

Swing, Joseph M.Szymanski, Teddy

Szymko, Michael

Torres, Joseph R.Warren, Richard A.

Warkins, Otis H.Whifaker, Donald J.

Will iams, George D.

Wilson, JamesWoehl , Herbert J.

Wollard, J. C.

Lieutenant ColonelTechnical Sergeant

Major General

Private First Class

Technical Sergeant

Private First Class1 st Lieutenant

St-aff Sergeant

Staff Sergeant

Lieutenant Colonel

Private First ClassStaff Sergeant

Captain

503rd

24th Infantry Division24th Infantry Division

1 1 th Airborne Division


24th Infantry, Division



37th Infantry Division6th Infantry Division

31 st Infantry, Division

Parachute Infantry Regiment



72 Bold Face type indicates Posthumous Award



FOR EXCEPTIONALLY MERITORIOUS SERVICE IN A DUTY OF GREAT RESPONSIBILITY

Lieutenant General Charles P. Hall

Major General Rapp Brush

Major General Clovis E. Byers

Major General William C. ChaseMa jor General Percy W . Clarkson

Major General Jens A. Doe

Major General Paul J. Mueller

Major General Innis P. Swift

Brigadier General Thomas F. Hickey

Brigadier General Hugh F. T. Hoffman

Brigadier General Eugene McGinley

Colonel Frank S. Bowen, Jr.

Colonel Henry C. Burgess

Colonel Rex V.D. CorputColonel David M. Dunne

Colon el Geo rge A. A. Jones

Colonel August E. Schanze

Colonel Arthur P. Thayer

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL

XI Corps


Headquarters, Eighth Army

1st Cavalry Division33d Infantry Division

4 1 st Infantry Division


1st Cavalry Division


1st Cavalry Division




Headquarters, Eighth ArmyHeadquarters, Eighth Army



Headquarters, Eighth Army 73



GALLANTRY, DETERMINATION, ESPRIT DE CORPS

DISTINGUISHED UNIT CITATION11 rh Airborne Division, Headquarters and Headquarters Company

20m Infantry Regiment, 3rd Battal ion

21st Infantry Regiment, Cannon Company

40th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop (Mechanized)

117th Engineer Construction Battal ion

151st Infantry Regiment, Company E

158th Infantry Regiment, Company G

161st Infantry Regiment, Cannon Company

185th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Platoon, Company F

187th Glider Infantry Regiment, 1st Battalion

188th Glider Infantry Regiment, Headquarters and Headquarters Company

188th Glider Infantry Regiment, 1st Battalion

188th Glider Infantry Regiment, 2nd Battal ion

457th Parachute Field Art i l lery Battal ion, Air Section

45 7th Parachute Field Art i l lery Battal ion, Batiery Division

511th Airborne Signal Company

511th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 1st Battalion511th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 2nd Battalion

511th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 3rd Battal ion

674th Glider Field Art i l lery Battal ion

161st Infantry Regiment, Company E



GHTING

FORCESO

H GHTH



I CORPS

CORPS

Major General Roscoe B. Wo od ruf f, Com mand ing

Brought to the Southwest Pacific by General Eichleberger who commanded it during the Papuanand N ew Guinea Campaigns. Fought throughout the entire Luzon Campaign. W ith headquarters in Kyo to, I Corps o ccupies the southern part of Honshu and all of Kyushu with the24th and 25th Infantry Divisions.

IX CORPS

Major General Charles W . Ryder, Commanding

Served in Haw aii and on Leyte in the Philippines. Came under Eighth Army co ntrol in August

1945. W ith the 1st Cavalry and the 11th Airborne Divisions it performs occupationa l duties

in northern Honshu and Hokkaido with headquarters at Sendai.

X CORPS

Major General Franklin C. Siberr, CommandingHit Leyte on D-Day in the invasion of the Philippines. Executed the, Mindanao Op eratio n.

W ith the 24th and 41st Infantry D ivisions was assigned occupation al du ties in Shikoku and the

sector of Honshu later occupied by the British Com monw ealth Occu pation Forces. Relievedof occupational duties and inactivated in January 1946.6



XXIV CORPS

XI CORPSLieutenant General Charles P. Hall, Commanding

Fought through the jungles of N e w G uinea. Participated in the Luzon Campaign. The 112th

Ca valry and 158th Regimental Comba t Teams, the Am erical and the 43rd Infantry Divisions

and the 1st Cavalry and 97th Infantry Divisions served under this Corps in the occupation of

the vital Kanto Plain area of Japan until relieved in February 1946, to prepare for inactivation.

XIV CORPSLieutenant Ge neral Os car W . G riswold, Commanding

Earned the nickname of "K ing of the Solomo ns" in a campaign through those islands. Thrust

southwa rd through Luzon to become the "Liberators of M an ila" Wit h the 11th Airborne and

the 27th Infantry Divisions occupied six prefectu res in northern Japan until relieve d 1 December

1945, for movement to the United States.

XXIV CORPSLieutenant General John R. Hodge, Commanding

Saw hard fighting in the Philippines throughout the Leyte-Samar Operation. Invaded Okinawa

and wa s instrumental in cracking the last-d itch stand of the enemy. With the 6th and 7th

Infantry Divisions occupies the American Zone in Korea. 77



1 CAVALRY

6 INFANTRY

AMERICAL DIVISIONAct iva ted in Ne w Cale donia , the only unnumbered division in [he American Army, this division

has one of the longest c omb at r eco rds in the Pacific W ar . It had its baptism of f ire in

Gua dalcan al , fought on Bouga invi l le, and in the Phi lippines on le yfe , Samar, C ebu , Bo hol ,

Ne gr os , and other islands. It wa s one of the first division s to occ upy J apan.

1ST CAVALRY DIVISIONHell for Leather. This old Regular Army ou tfit has an imposing reco rd in the Pacific fighting

of W or ld W ar II. It won the tough Admiralty Islands invasion, was among the first troop s toland on Leyte, fought its w ay into M anila on Luzon, and was the first outfit to march into

Tokyo. "First in Manila—First in To ky o. "

6TH INFANTRY DIVISIONSight Seeing. Units of this Regular Army Division have fought in every war of the United

States from the Revolution do wn to the present. In W or ld W ar II they served on Ha wa ii,fought at Toem -Maffin Bay and cleaned out Sansapor in Ne w Guinea, we re in on the original

invasion of Luzon and helped mop up the Cagayan Valley on that island.

7 INFANTRY

78



27 INFANTRY

25 INFANTRY

31 INFANTRY

25TH INFANTRY DIVISIONTropic Lightning. Activ ated from units of the old Hawaiian Division . Its f irst contact with

the Japanese wa s at Guad alcanal in 1943. After this a ction it part icip ated in many othe r

Southwest Pacif ic Island opera tions. Its f inal wartim e ac tion was in Luzon. The diviso n is

now part of the occupation force under I Corps.

27TH INFANTRY DIVISIONGalla Vanter. This National Guard division from N ew York saw action at Makin Island inthe Gilberts, Eniwetok Island in the Marsh alls, Saipan in the Mariana s, and helped to invade

Okin awa . Those spots were among the toughest assignments in the Pacific W ar . The 27thlanded on "D-Day" after playing a prominent part in the "March to Tokyo."

31ST INFANTRY DIVISIONDixie. This hard fighting National Guard outfit from the Deep South was in the ugly

Druiniumor River battle at Aita pe , N ew G uinea, and made the initial landing on M orot ai in thesweep tow ard in Philippines. On M indanao it made a brilliant swee p up the Sayre High way

to clean the enemy out of the central Bukidnon Province.0



33 INF /.. I7RV

17 INFANTRY

32ND INFANTRY DIVISIONRed Arrow. Often called "Les Terribles", this Wisconsin and Michigan National Guard

division was one of the first divisions in the Pacific and saw acMon at Buna and Aitap e in

N ew Guinea, and on Mor ot ai . In the Philippines they were in combat on Leyte and in thedifficult mountain areas of Luzon such as the Villa Verde Trail.

33RD INFANTRY DIVISIONPrairie. This N ation al Guard outfit from Illinois served [or a w hile as Haw aiian Island

defense troops . The division moved to Dutch New Guinea for mop-up operations in the

Wadke-Sarmi area and from there to- action on Mo rof ai. In the Philippines on Luzon, after

action at Rosario, the "Prairie" boys saw plenty of mountains in the drive on Baguio.

37TH INFANTRY DIVISION

Buckeye. This Oh io National Guard division first saw action on N ew Geo rgia, then afBouga inville in the Solomons . Later, on Luzon, they w ere in the bitter street fighting in Manila,

went north and helped cap ture Baguio. From mere they launched their sensational drive that

liberated the Cagayan Valley. 81



40 INFANTRY

38 INFANTRY

41 INFANTRY

38TH INFANTRY DIVISIONCycl one . "Th e Aveng ers of Ba taa n." This Na tion al Guard unit from Indiana, Kentucky,

and We st Virginia served in the defense of Ha wai i and conducted mop-up operat ions on

N e w Guinea and Leyte. Landing at Subic Bay o n Luzon they recaptured the "h al lo w ed "

ground of Bataan. Later they saw action in the Bamban Hills and took M onta lban Dam east

of Manila.

40TH INFANTRY DIVISIONSunshine. After serving as Haw aiian defense troops this Na tion al Gua rd division from

the Southwest States saw its initial action in the jungles of N e w Britain. In the Philippines

they made invasions and fought on an impressive number of islands including Luzon, Min dan ao,

Panay, Negros, and Masbafe.

41ST INFANTRY DIVISIONSunseL On e of the veteran outfits in the Pacific, this Na tional Gua rd division from theNorthwe stern States was the first com plete American division to land in Australia. From there

they fought north through British and Dutch N e w G uinea, and W a dk e, Biak, and No em foo r

Islands. In the Philippines they made invasions on Palawa n, Mind ana o, and on islands of

the Sulu Archipelago.

43 INFANTRY

82



81 INFANTRY77 INFANTRY

43RD INFANTRY DIVISIONWinged Victory. Another veteran jungle fighting unit this New England National Guard

division fought at Ne w Ge org ia, including Munda Airfie ld, and other islands in the Solo-

mons. In Ne w Guinea they we re in the bitter jungle fighting at Aita pe. Landing on D-Day

in Luzon they sa w fierce fighting from the Lingayen Gulf to Ipo Dam. It was among the first

divisions to occupy Japan.

77TH INFANTRY DIVISIONStatue of Liberty. This divisio n wo n high praise for its brilliant invasion of Guam. In the

Philippines they made a landing near O rm oc which was of vital importance in ending resistance

on Leyre. Later they saw fighting in the invasion o f Okin awa and le Shima. It was among

the divisions chosen to occupy Japan.

81ST INFANTRY DIVISIONWildcar. In W or ld War I the "W ild ca ts " hung up a fine combat record and innovated

the shoulder patch as a division insignia. In W or ld W ar II they continued their record as a

fighting division by invading and capturing Anguar and Peleliu in the Palaus. It was among

the first occupation troops in Japan. 83

96 INFANTRY



7 II - <• -

93RD INFANTRY DIVISIONThe on ly Ne gr o co mb at d iv is io n in the Pac i f i c , t h is ou t f i t savv- ac t io n on Bou ga in v i l le . F rom

t h e r e t h e y w e n t t o N e w Gu i n e a a n d t o M o r o t a i [ o r m o p - u p o p e r a t i o n s . E l e m e n t s o [ t h e

d i v i s i o n g a r r i s o n e d Z a m b o a n g a o n . M i n d a n a o a n d o t h e r i s l an d s in t h e P h i l i p p i n e s .

96TH INFANTRY DIVISIONDeadeye . This unit was act ivated in Ore gon in 1942, c om pleted i ts t raining in Ha wa i i , and

saw its f irst action during the Leyte landing. Alth oug h eng age d in only tw o cam paign s —

Leyfe and Ok inaw a — it suf fered more casual t ies than any other Army division f ight ing in

the Pacif ic Theatre. The divis ion took two of the toughest defen se posit ion s on the island

of Okinawa, Yonabaru Airf ie ld and Conical Hil l .

97TH INFANTRY DIVISIONThe Trident. The 97th is the only Eighth Arm y divis ion that a lso serv ed in the Europea n

Theatre of Opera t ions. In the closing months of the war against Germany they fought f romthe west bank of the Rhine, into the Ruhr pocket, through central Germany, to end their part

of the cam paign in Cz ech o-S lova kia. Japan 's surrender found them in the States prep aring

for opera tions in the Pacific. They em barke d at once and soo n lar de d in Japan to take their

place in the Army of Oc cup at ion .4



158 INF RCT

503 PARA RCT

98TH INFANTRY DIVISIONIroquois. This divis ion, activate d at Camp Breckinridge, Kentucky, in 1942, was responsiblefor the defense of the Hawa iian Islands. Add itiona lly, it supplied a large number of trainedfighting men to comb at divisions at the various Pacific Fronts. In September 1945 it assumed

occupational duties in Japan and was inactivated five months later.

The Eighth Army pays tribute to its fighting units smaller than divisions which made vital

contributions to victory in the Pacific. Among the many units deserving of recog nition are the

112th Ca valr y Regimental Com bat Team, the 158th Infantry Regimental Com bat Team, the503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment, and the 2nd and 3rd Engineer Special Brigades.

The Arm y, the Nav y and the Air Corps combined to win the battle of the Pacific. The

Eighrh Army is proud to have fought and worked with the fo llowin g units : 85



3RD AMPHIBIOUS FORCE

FAR EAST AIR FORCE

7T H FLEET

SEVENTH FLEET, UNITED STATES NAVYAdmiral Thomas C. KinjCaid, Commanding.

Scourge of fhe Japanese N av y, fhe Sevenfh Fleef playe d a major role in fhe co.nquesf o f fhe

Pacific. If successfully conducfed fhe complex and hazardous amphibious operaHons in esfablishing Eighfh Army beachheads on more fhan a score of Pacific islands. The Fleef high

lighfed ifs long fighfing record in fhe Surigao Sfraifs naval baffle.

THIRD AMPHIBIOUS FORCEVice Admiral Theodore S. Wilkinson, Commanding.

A veferan unir in fhe conquesf of fhe Pacific, fhe Third Amphibious Force was activa ted in

fhe summer of 1942. Beginning wifh fhe landings on Guada lcana l, Bougainville and ofherlandings in fhe Solomons, if carried fhe war norfh and wesf fhrough fhe Green Islands and

fhe Palaus fo Leyfe and fhe Lingayen Gulf in fhe Philippines. Finally, if landed fhe Eighfh

Army froops in Japan, wifh fhe firsf landing faking place before fhe acfual signing of fhe surrender documenfs.

FAR EASTERN AIR FORCEGeneral George C. Kenney, Commanding.Coordinafing fhe American air forces fighfing in fhe Pacific, fhe famous "FE Af/' smashed,

fhe once pow erful Japanese air force. Acfivafe d in Ausfralia in fhe summer -o f 1942, Far

Easfern Air Force moved norfh fhrough N ew (Guinea fo fhe Philippines and partic ipated in fheoccupation of Japan.6



USASCOMC

13TH AIR FORCE

FIFTH AIRFORGELieutenant General Ennis C . Whitehea d, Com manding.

The Fifth A ir Force fought the Japanese in the air and bom bed and sfrafed fhem on the groundfrom southern New G uinea to the Philippines; and then became a part o f fhe occ upationforce in Japan.

THIRTEENTH AIR FORCEMajor General St. Clair Street Commanding.

Known as "Th e Jungle Air Fo rc e" , this veteran Pacific ourfif is famous for its long-range

bombing missions. It fought north from N ew Caledonia, through the Solomons, the Admiral

ties and M or ot ai to the Ph ilippines; and bom bed distant targets in the Netherlands East Indies.

U S A S C O M C M. r M , F . t r . A.Major General James L. Frink, Commanding.

This unit was activa ted in the Philippines in the summer of 194 5 . Its purpose was to coo r

dinate the services of supp ly for the invasion of Japan. Forward elements of United StatesArmy Service C omm and-Coronet landed with the first troops at Yokohama. Operating under

direct contro l of Eighth Arm y, it coord inated the many services and e fficiently supplied all

Eighth Arm y troops in Japan.

The Eighth Army also owes tribute to the 12th, the 24th and the 32nd Marine Air Groups

that fought with it in the battle for Mindanao and Zamboanga. 87



L E A D E R S O F T H E E I G H T H ' S F I G H T I N G F O R C E S I N T H E



COMMANDERSO

H GHTHA R C H T O J A P A N



MA J GEN ROSCOE B. WOODRU FF I CORPS MA J GEN CHARLES W . RYDER IX CORPS

LT GEN JOHN R. HODGE XXIV CORPS M AJ G EN W IL L IAM H . AR N O L D AM ER IC AL D IV

90



MA J GE N FRANKLIN C • SIBERT X CORPS LT GEN CHARLES P. HALL XI CORPS LT GEN OSC AR W. GRISW OLD XIV CORPS

MAJ GEN VERNE D. MUDGE 1 CA V DIV MA J GEN CHARLES E. HURDIS 6 INF DIV MAJ GEN ARCHIBALD V. ARNOLD 7 INF DIV



MAJ GEN JOSEPH M. SWING 1 1 AB DIV MA J GEN JAMES A. LESTER 24 INF DIV MAJ GEN CHARLES L. MULLINS, JR 25 INF DIV

MAJ GEN PERCY W. CLARKSON 33 INF DIV

92



MAJ GEN GEORGE W. GRINER 27 INF DIV MAJ GEN CLARENCE A. MARTIN 31 INF DIV MAJ GEN WILL IAM H. GILL 32 INF DIV

MAJ GEN ROBERT S. BEIGHTLER 37 IN F DIV MAJ GEN WILL IAM C. CHASE 38 INF DIV MA J GEN RAPP BRUSH 40 INF DIV



MA J GEN PAUL J. MUELLER 81 INF DIV MA J GEN HARRY H JOHNS ON 93 INF DIV MA J GEN JAMES L. BRADLEY 96 INF DIV

M AJ G EN F REDERICK A . IR V IN G E IG H T H AR M Y AR EA C O M D BR IG G EN J U L IAN W . C U N N IN G H A M 1 1 2 C A VR C T BR IG G EN H AN F O R D B . M c N ID ER 1 5 8 IN F R C T



CHIEF O F STAFFMa jor General C lovis E. Byers, Eighth Army's Chief of Staff, has served in this capac ity since the

Arm y's arrival at Hollan dia, Ne w Guinea, in 19 4 4 shortly after its activation. That was not,

howe ver, the beginning of his association with General E ichelberger. The initial relationship, which

was later to prove so successful, was established at W est Point in the early 19 30 's when Ge neral

Eichelberger, as a major, served as adjutant and secretary of the Acade mic Board , and General

Byers, then a first lieutenant, perform ed the duties of tactical office r and assistant adjutant. The

efficiency and military know ledge of the clean-cut lieutenant impressed the older officer and, in

1942 , when the famous Statue of Liberty Division, the 77th, was reactivated under his command,General Eichelberger called on the former Lieutenant Byers, now a lieutenant colonel, to become his

Chief of Staff. His administrative abi lity and tactful handling of both subord inate and higher head

quarters convinced General Eichelberger of the soundness of his choice and, when he took command

of the I Corps in June of 1 942, Colonel Byers again accompanied him as Chief of Staff, an official

relationship they were to maintain to the present time.

General Byers was born in Columbus, Ohio, on November 5th, 1 8 99 . He attended the same

university as did General Eichelberger, Oh io State, and became a member of the same fraternity,

Phi Gamma Delta. Receiving his appointment to the United States Military Acad emy in 1 9 1 8 , he left

the university and attended We st Point for two y ears, receiving his commission as second lieutenantin the Cavalry on July 2 d, 19 20 . He married Miss M arie Richards, a hometown girl, the following

year.

After completing the Basic Course at the Cavalry School at Fort Riley he was given his first as6



MAJ G EN CLOV IS E. BYERS CHIEF OF STAFF

sigment with troops , that of comm anding Troop F of me 4m Cavalry at Fort Mclntosh, Texas. Al

though me squad ron was inact ivated in 1 9 2 1 he cont inued to serve on duty with troops at that post

unt il September, 1 9 2 3 , when he was assigned to the Signal School. Upon comp let ion of the course

he became Regimental Communicat ions Off icer of the 3d Cavalry at Fort Myer, Virginia.

W hil e a student at the "Po int ," General Byers had wo n his let ter in footbal l and, in 1 92 6, his

abi lity, bo th as an athlete and as an exe cutiv e, was reco gniz ed by his appointme nt as Assistant to

the Master of the Sword and in addit ion to the coaching staff of the Mil i tary A cade my Upon com pletio n of this tour of duty in 1 9 3 0 , he was assigne d as a student in the Special Adv anc ed Equitation

Class at the Cavalry School, Fort Riley, Kansas.

After a br ief per io d with the 1st Cavalry Division, he again reported to Wes t Point in 1 93 2 as

an instructor and first made the acquaintance of General Eichelberger. He left the Aca dem y to at

tend the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworfh, Kansas, in 1934 and, upon comple

tion of the cours e in 1 9 3 6 , joined the staff of the 2d Division and shortly thereafter the staff of the

Eighth Corp s A rea at Fort Sam Housto n, Texas. Follow ing an assignment with the 5th Cava lry,

dur ing which he commanded successively Troop A and the 1 st Squa dron, he w ent on a tour of the

important military schools in England, France, and Germany.

In 19 3 9 he reported to the Arm y W ar Col le ge as a student and was graduated in 19 40 . His

many years dev ote d to the study of mil i tary science, co upled with his pronounced nat ive abi l i ty,

we re now to pay dividends . His years as a student were over, the t ime was rapidly ap proaching

when he would apply the lessons he had learned. 97



From 19 40 unMI 19 42 he served wirh the W ar Department General Slaff in Hie G- l Division. In

February 19 4 2 , at General Eiche lberger's request, he came to fhe 77 th Division as its Chief of Staff.

Before that year was up, he was to find himself in rhe steaming jungles of New Guinea serving borh

as Chief of Staff of I Corps and, unMI he was wounded and evacuated, as Commanding General of

rhe 32nd Division.

The many consequent ope rations of the I Corps and the Eighth Arm y in Ne w Guinea , rhe

Ne therl and s East Indies, and rhe Philippines are being written in tod ay's history bo oks and w ill

undoubtedly be used by furure instructors at W est Point as m odels of wel l executed amphibious

ope rations . General Byers has earned the thanks of the nation and the respec t of rhe men w ho

fought with him.

Tod ay, the General has a happier rask buf one which is, if anyrhing, even more difficu lt than

the com bat ope rations of 1942-—1945. In his new mission he is conce rned w ith the final phase of

any decisive war—thar of occupying and administering the defeated nation. His new duty requires

the utmost tact and insight to effect com plete and successful coord ination and teamwork, not merely

between the units of the Eighrh Army, but also between the many foreign headquarters vitally

interested in the conduct of the occupa tion. The supervision of this most important of staff functions

is General Byers' main responsibility.

Over the period of years in which General Byers has been serving his country and the Army so

ably and well fhe United States and the Allied Nations have deemed it only proper thar his services

be acknowledg ed o fficial ly. In so doing they have awarded him rhe decorations indicated :

a g a i n s t t h e e n e mV

a t B i a k l s l a n dDISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS: For extraordinary heroism -

in action, 15 December 1942, when while serving as Comman d-2 N D

OAK-LEAF CLUSTER TO BRONZE STAR MEDAL:

ing General of the 32nd Division, he continued to observe and f °t n e

performance of outstanding and meritorious service in

direct the attack although wound ed by a sniper. supervising and coordinating the plans for the Eighth Army phaset h e L u z o n

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL: For distinguished service °f O pe ra tio n.

in the Southwest Pacific Area and Japan from January to O ctobe r AIR MEDAL: For meritorious achievement while participating1945. in aerial flights in the Philippine islands from 20 October 1944

f o 2 7 AP

r i l 1 9 4 5SILVER STAR: For gallantry in action during the Buna engage-

ment when General Byers by his example of fearless gallantry PURPLE HEART: For wounds received d uring the Buna Cam-

under enemy fire served as an inspiration to his command . paign.

OAK-LEAF CLUSTER TO THE SILVER STAR: For gallantry DISTINGUISHED UNIT CITATION: Presented to Head-

in action at Biak, Netherland s East Indies, on 17 June 1944. quarters , I Cor ps, for Buna Cam paig n, 1943 .

LEGION OF MERIT: For exceptionally meritorious conduct OAK-LEAF CLUSTER FOR THE DISTINGUISHED UNIT

during the planning phase of the Papuan and Ne w G uinea CITATION: For the 11th Airborne Division Operation south

Campaigns. of Man ila, February 1945.BRONZE STAR MEDAL: For meritorious service at Good- CO MM AN DER BRITISH EMPIRE: In recognition of meritorious

enough Island and Holland ia. and invaluable work with the Australian Forces in the Pracific.

OAK-LE AF CLUSTER TO BRONZE STAR MEDAL: For MILITARY MERIT MEDAL (PHILIPPINES): For meritorious

9 8 meritorious achievement in connection with military operations service in the Liberation of the Philippines.



COLONEL WARD W . CONQUESTBRIG GE N FRANK S. BOWEN COLONEL HENRY C . BURGESSCOLONEL GEORGE A . A - JONESADJUTANT GENERAL

G-2 G-3 G- 4

THE EIGHTH'S WAR-TIME SECTION CHIEFS

G-2 GEORGE A. A. JONES

Colonel, GSC, (RA). Born Albion , Iowa, 26 December 1898. Home in Ma rfa, Texas.

Previous service as G-2 , Iceland Base Command and AC of S, G-2 Second Army. Aw arde d

Distinguished Service Med al, Silver Star, Legion of Me rit with oak leaf cluster, Bronze Star

Medal, Air Medal and Purple Heart.

G-3 FRANK S. BOWEN, JR.

Brigadier Gen eral, GSC, (RA). Born Ft. McK inley, Rizal, Philippine Islands, 4 Ma rch 1905.

Home in San Francisco. Previous service as G -l , 77th Div isio n; G-3 ; I Corps . Awa rded

DSC for "extraordina ry heroism in a ctio n" near Buna; Distinguished Service Me da l, Silver

Star with tw o oak leaf clusters, Legion of Me rit, Bronze Star M ed al , Air Me da l, and

Distinguished Unit Citation, Hq I Corps.

G-4 HENRY C . BURGESS

Colonel, GSC, (RA). Born San Francisco, Cal iforn ia, 11 June 1902 . Home in Dal las, Texas.Previous service as Battalion Commander, 23rd Infantry ; O ffic e of A C of S, A -4 , AAF , Chief

of Planning Division, Directorate of Base Service AA F; AC of S, G-4, Second Army. Awa rded

Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal and Air Medal.0



COLONEL MELTON A. H A T C H BRIG GE N EUGENE McGINLEY

ANT IAIR CRA FT OFFICER ARTILLERY OFFICER

WA RD E. CONQUEST ADJUTANT GENERAL

Colonel, AGD, (NG). Born Atwood, Kansas, 7 October 1904. Home in Topeka, Kansas.

Previous service Assistant Adjutant General Second Army; Staff of Kansas National Guard.

Awarded Bronze Srar Medal.

MELTON A. HATCH A N T I - A I R C R A F T

Colonel, CAC, (RA). Born Arkansas City , Kansas, 28 February 1897. Home in Henders

ville, North Carolina. Previous service as Executive Officer Harbor Defense and AA Regi

ments, Executive Officer Western Gulf Sub-sector, AA Officer XII Corps; AA Officer Second

Army. Awa rded Legion of Merit Bronze Star Medal, and Air Medal.

EUGENE McGINLEY ARTILLERY

Brigadier General, FA, (RA) Born Hamilton, Ohio, 28 January 1900. Home in Hamilton,Oh io. Previous service on War Department General Staff; Operations Division, Army Service

Forces; Artillery Offic er Second Army. Awa rded Distinguished Service Med al and Air Medal.



C O L O N EL D AVID M. D U N N E COLONEL JOSEPH CHARLES KOVARIK COLONEL LAWRENCE H. CARUTHERS LT COL W IL L IAM H. BRUNKEENGINEER F I N A N C E H E A D Q U A R T E R S C O M M A N D A N T HISTORIAN

JOSEPH CHARLES KOVARIK FINANCE

C o lone l , FD, (RA). Born Forf Rile y, Kansas, 8 September 1893. Home in Chat tanooga,Tennessee. Previous service as Executive O ffic er, The ater Fiscal Of fic e, SW PA; Finance

O f f i ce r X Cor ps. Aw ard ed Bronze Srar Me dal .

LAWR ENC E H. CARUTHERS HEADQUARTERS COMMANDANT

C o lone l , FA (RA). Born Alpine, Texas, 9 O ctobe r 1891. Home in Santa Ana, Cali fornia.

Previous service as Execut ive Off icer of Second Army Art i l lery Sect ion. Awa rded Bronze

Star Medal.

W I L L I A M H. BRUNKE HISTORIAN

Lieutenant Colonel, INF, (RA). Born Hartford, Connect icut, 24 Apr i l 1900. H ome in New

York City, Ne w York. Previous service on War Department Staff, G-l Section European

Theater of O pera t i ons . 103



COLONEL HARRY L . HART COLONEL REX V.D. CORPUT, JR

QUARTERMASTER SIG N AL

C. V. CADWELL PROVOST MARSHAL

Colone l , CM P, (Res). Born Spokane, Washin gton , 10 August 1898. Hom e in Arc adi a, Cal i

fornia. Provost Marsha l Second Arm y Tennessee Man euver Are a. Aw ard ed Bronze Star

M e d a l .

H A R R Y L . H A R T QUARTERMASTER

Colone l , Q M , (RA). Born Utica, Ne w York, 23 December 1893. Home in North Hol ly

w o o d , Calif ornia . Previous service as Quartermaster IX Corps and Quartermaster Second

Army. Aw ard ed Bronze Star Me dal .

REX V. D. CORPUT JR. SIGNAL

Colone l , Sig C (RA ). Born Atlan ta, Geo rgia , 28 September 1900. Hom e in Red Bank, N e w

Jersey. Previous Service, Director, Signal Corp s Laboratories,- D irecto r, Signal Co rps Radar

Laboratory; Comm anding Off icer , Signal Corps Ground Signal Agenc y. Aw ard ed Distinguished

Service Medal and Legion of Meri t . 1 0 5



C O L O N E L PHILIP WILSON BRIG GE N GEORGE W . RICE COLONEL REEFORD P. SHEA

SPECIAL SERVICE SURGEON T R A N S P O R T A T I O N

THE EIGHTH'S WAR-TIME SECTION CHIEFS

SPECIAL SERVICE P HIL IP W I L S O N

Colonel , INF, (NG) . Born Dal las, Oregon, 21 O c t o b e r 1901. H ome in Fresno, Cal i fornia.

Previous service as Staff O ff ice r Headqua rters 40th Division; Special Service Off ic er 3rd

Corps ; Special Service Off ic er Second Arm y. Aw ard ed Bronze Star M ed al.

SURGEON GEORGE W. RICE

Brigadier General, MC. (RA). Born Cumber land, Mary land, 1 O c t o b e r 1892. H ome in Carl isle,

Pennsylvania. Previous servic e Assistant Comma ndan t, Med ica l Field Sch ool, Ca rlis le, Pennsyl

vania,- Surgeon, G H Q , SWPA . Awa rded Legion of Merit , Bronze Star Medal, and Air M e d a l .

TRANSPORTATION REEFORD P. SHEA

Colonel , GSC, (AUS) Born Riverside, Cal i fornia, 8 February 1909. H o m e in San Francisco,

Cal i fornia . Previous service as Port Commander, Base 3, 7, A , D, and G ; Transportat ion

O f f i ce r , U. S. Advanced Base, N e w Guinea; Transportat ion Off icer I C orps and Hol land ia

Task Force. Aw ard ed Legion of Merit; Bronze Star with oak leaf cluster, Ai r M e d a l and

06 Distinguished Unit Citation.



COLONEL BURTON F . HOODCOLO NEL EARL E. GESLER COLO NEL ROBERT E. ODELL

CIVIL IAN PERSONNEL ENGINEER

C O L O N EL J O H N H . G IBSO N

F I N A N C E INSPECTOR GENERAL

THE EIGHTH'S SECTION CHIEFS TODAY

achievem ent with the 8th and 90th Infantry Divisions and as Arti l lery Of fic er of XIX Corp s

during the war.

Colonel Joseph M. Glasgow, wh o had serve d through most of the war as Adjutant

Gen eral of the South Pacific Theater, be cam e Adjutant G enera l in June 1946 .

Colonel Harry C. Fraser, the Arm y Ch apla in, had for five years served in the off ice of

the Chief of Chaplains in Was hington before joining Eighth Army in Oc tob er 1946.

Colonel Earl E. Gesler served as Division Engineer of the Midd le At lant ic Division pr ior

to becom ing C hief of the Engineer Section in January 1 947 .

Colonel Robert E. O'Dell was Fiscal Director of the Africa-Middle East Theater of

Ope ratio ns throughout the war. He assumed ihe duties of Eighth Arm y Fiscal Off ice r in

August 1947.

Colonel Burton F. Hood, wh o had been in the Of fic e of the Inspector Gen eral in the

W ar Department since 19 42 , took over the post of Inspector Gen eral with Eighth Arm y in

February 1947.8



LT. COL ALLAN R. BROWNE COL ONE L REX W. BEASLEY COLONEL WILLIAM F. SADTLER

J U DG E A D V O C A T E M I LI T AR Y G O VER N M EN T O R D N A N C E

Lieutenant Colonel Allan R. Browne, Judge Advocate since May 1946, had been on the

Board of Review in fhe Branch Off ice of fhe Judge Adv oca te General in Manila prior to

joining this Headquarters.

Colonel Philip L. Cook came from his position as Commanding O ffice r of the Staten

Island Area Station Hospital \o become the Army Surgeon in April 1946.

Colonel William F. SadHer had been Commanding Officer of the Kobe Base Ordnance

Depot before his assignment as Chief of the Ordnance Section in March 1946.

Colonel John F. Roehm, formerly the Director of the Department of Communications at

the Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, became the Eighth Army Provost Marshal in

July 1947.

Lieutenant Colonel Bruce E. Kendall became Chief of the Quartermaster Section in

September 1946, bringing with him wide experience gained as Commander of the QM

Section of "the Utah and fhe San Antonio General D epots and as Chief of D epot Operations

in the Quartermaster General's office in Washington. 09



COLONEL JOHN F . ROEHM COLONEL WILLIAM B. FORSE

PR O VO ST M A R SH A L PUBLIC INFORMATION


Colonel James D. O'Connel, who joined Eighth Army as Signal Office r in Ma y 194 7,

had been Commanding O ffice r of the Signal Corps Engineering labora tories at Fort Monm outh,

New Jersey.

Colonel Albert S. J. Srovall, Jr. Chief of the Special Service Section, was Provost

Marshal of VI Corps prior to taking up his present duties in January 1946.

Colonel Bernhard A . Johnson assumed his duties as the Army Transportation Officer in

April 1947. During the war he had been Commanding Off ice r of the 9th Major Port in the

Persian Gulf.

Colonel William B. Forse, former Comm anding Office r of the 30 3d Infantry Regiment,

became Chief of the Public Relations (now Public Information) Of fic e in Ma rch 1946 .

Eighth Army has undergone a number of administrative and organiz ationa l changes in the

process of adap ting itself of carry out an occup ational rather than a com bat mission . Several

new sections have been added to the Special Staff and others reduc ed to the status of sub

sections under the General Staff.0



LT COL BRUCE E. KENDALL COLONEL BENJAMIN F . HOGE COLONEL JAMES D. O'CONN ELLQUARTERMASTER SAFETY SI G N A L

In June 1947 [he Ar til le ry, Anti -Airc raft, and C hem ical Special Staff Sections lost their

identity as such, and their functions integrated with the activities of the G-3 Section.

Mil i ta ry Gove rnment assumed an immediate importance at the beginning of the occupaton. In Oc to be r 1945 the M ilit ary Gov ernm ent Special Staff Section came into being headed

by Colonel Rex W Beasley, former Commanding General of the 81st Division Art i l lery.

Information and Education activities expanded greatly as Eighth Army settled down to its

occ upa tiona l duties. The I and E sub-se ction of G-3 w as give n the status of a Special Staff

Section in July 1946 and Lieutenant Col one l Floyd W Goates was its chief during the trying

days of ear ly organizat ion. Lieutenant Colonel Morris K. Henderson, who joined Eighth

Arm y in 1945 follo wi ng a tour of duty as Batflion Com man der of the Department of Tactics

in the United States Mil i tar y A cad em y, b ecame Chief of this sect ion in May 1947.

The spe cial problems impos ed on the army by i ts occupa tional mission have made it

neces sary to b ring to Japan many civilians wh o, as skilled clerks, technicians, or professio nally

trained personn el, have expe dited army adm inistrat ion. Civi l ian personnel problems were f irst

han dled by a divis ion in the Adjutant Ge nera l's Section. In June 1946 the Of fic e of Civilian

COLONEL ALBERT S. J. STOVALL

SPECIAL SERVICE

1 1



COLONEL CHARLES F . IVINSCOLONEL PHILIP L. COOK COLONEL BERNHARD A. JOHNSON LT COL MORRIS K. HENDERSON

A R M Y E X C H A N G ESURGEON T R AN SPO R T AT IO N TROOP I and E


Personnel was made a Special Staff Section headed by Colonel John H. Gibson who had

com e to this new post from ihe Of fic e of the Chief of Staff in Wa shin gto n where he had

been on the Manpower Board.

A Special Staff Section known as the S afety Section was crea ted in Septem ber 1946 in

order to coordinate more effectively the efforts to reduce loss of life and equipment through

accidents, fires, improper maintenance, poor safety planning, and carelessness. Colonel

Benjamin F. Hoge, former Execut ive Off icer of Fort Mo nro e, Virginia, was appointed Safety

Director.

Supplying the troops with post exchange i tems has b ecom e "b ig bus iness" in the oc

cupatio n army with the Army Exchange prov iding numerous service s including PX Trains wh ich

visit outlying units, department stores in Tok yo and Yok oha ma , and a vastly increa sed invento ry

to supply the needs of depend ents and civilian s. The Arm y Exchange b eca me en Eighth Arm y

Special Section in February 1946. Colonel Charles F. Ivins, who as acting G-3 of the Re

placemen t and School Com man d once had general supe rvision o ver Groun d Force S ervice

1 12 Schools in Replacement Training Cente rs, was ap poin ted Arm y Exchange O ffic er in July 1947.



THE USS POPE, HEADQUARTERS O N THE PACIF IC ADM INISTR ATION BUILDINGS AT

HEADQUARTERS EIGHTH ARMY

14



EIGHTH HEADQUARTERS AT LEYTE HEADQUARTERS IN YOKOHAMA

Although many of me familiar forces ere gone and "o ld t imers" are leaving every da y, there

is that indefinab le something abou t Eighth Arm y He adqu arters wh ich wil l alwa ys remain. It 's not just

esprit d e c orp s, nor the old col lege try, but simp ly the fact that in future years it might be recog nized

as something akin to "o ne big happy fa mi ly " . . a status which made l ife for all of us as pleasur

able as the condi t ions wo uld al l ow . And except for those days when ev eryone at every turn was

just "s we ati ng it ou t," t ime did pass com para tively quickly because of these close associations and

relat ionships.

The story of Eighth Army Headquarters is a story of individuals who made the most of their ups

and down s in lands on the other side of the wo rld from the Ame rican homes from w hich each had

c o m e . Yes, reminiscences in the future surely wil l recall al l those l i tt le things which, when combined

ove r a span of many months, made up that bigger and better s omething whic h lead to hundreds of

lasting fr iendships.

A brand new and anxious Eighth Army Headq uarters gan g clamb ered do wn off the huge USS

Pope at Pirn Jetty, Ho lland ia, N e w Guine a, on 7 September 1944. They found their f irst overseas

hom e nestled in the mountains on the shore s of spr aw ling Lake Sentani. Rememb er the lon g queue s

of w aiting hot co ffe e patrons at the Red Cross canteen, and your hostess, M iss M axine Will iam s . . .

the handicraft shop whe re everyo ne was busy making wrist w atch bands from scrapp ed Zeros .

cat 's eye necklaces . . . po l i c ing the movie area . . the mud . . the fuzzy -wuz zys ' salut ing .

Then Jim D uffy's "O ct ag ra m " came out wi th i ts f irst extra : "Phi l ippines Inv ad ed ". Routine l iving was

fo rgo t ten , victo ry gardens was he d aw ay in the jungle f loo ds , the Eighth was on the march to "se t 1 15



COLD DRINK MACHINE WAS CENTER OF ATTRA CTION NEW GUINEA

—* ' /* V

1 1 6



> • * « * • *

RED CROSS HUT -HOL LAND IA THE DAN CE FLOOR ZAM BO AN GA BEACH CLUB

the rising sun."

The Sentani lake area was a beautiful place to leave b ehind. That was the same body of water

mem orialized by the formation of "Sentani Swin gtet". No t to be outdone the boys from G-2 formed

their ow n quartet and the battle of vo ices was on in earnest. They we re still at it a year later at the

opening of the " N e w O ct ag on " Theatre in dow ntow n Yokohama but that time the G-2 bo ys had a

ringer, Lanny Ross, in the lineup.

The quartet and swingtet were offspring of the 50 voice Eighth Army Choristers, organized and

directed by Don Bortfeld. In his spare time, Don w rote and introduced the marching song, "Eighth

Army Marches O n . " On M emo rial Day. 1945, on Leyte the men of headquarters heard their march

for the first time. A few minutes later they were listening to the chief himself, Lt. Ge n. Robert L.

Eichelberger, wh o keynoted one of his infrequent addresses with the wo rds, "The firm structure of

world peace is the only memorial acceptable to our conscience."

Oh yes, Eighth Army Headquarters had its more sober moments. That was one of them. Another

easily recalled was Easter morning 1945 on Leyte, when thousands of Yanks overflowed Eighth Army

Chap el and the need for an enlarged house of worsh ip became apparent. This wish turned into realityon 13 Ma y, when Roosevelt Memorial Chapel was dedicated. It was Mother's Day then, and Day

of Prayer for the victory in Europe. Of the new chap el, Chaplain Willia m F. Nern w ro te : "The

finest Arm y c hapel in the Ph ilippines, wh ich , incidentally, is the talk and envy of eve ry chaplain in the

theate r." And Chaplains Yandell S. Beans and Robert T. Becket echoed his sentiments and those of 1 17



HQ KITCHEN SERVES FIRST MEAL-LEYTE

118

t



THE KAY KYSER SH OW-L EYT E THE CHAPEL-TELEGRAFO

the congregations of all faiths.

It was a beautiful cha pe l, simply d one in the native materiel of n ipa, palm fronds and rustic

lumb er—o f whic h the first Oc tag on Theater, the post exchan ge and enlisted men's club and office r's

beach mess had been constructed.

Remember, too, the night that EM Club President (and 1st Sergeant) Paul J. Mummert opened the

doo rs to the Z A M B O A N G A CLUB on the beach of Leyte and bade everyone make merry 2 Civi l i

zatio n (and W A C 's ) came to our area that night. And so did news of a coincidental Eighth Army

landing at Zam boa nga , con vey ed by Chief-of-Sta ff Ma jor Gene ral Clo vis E. Byers as he announced

the new operat ion in his dedicatory message.

There had been go od stage shows and bad at Eighth A rmy 's jungle version of the " the ata h,"

but whe n Special Service learned that Irving Berlin and his "T his is the A rm y" were heading our wa y,

som ething had to be d one . Carpen ters g ot bu sy and put up a big Oct ago n Theater just in time.

Thai was on 11 Ma rch 1945. W el l it wa s, to o, that the enlarged stage was built when it was , for in

the ensuing months its foot l ights playe d on any number, of big hi ts . . the nostalgic "O kla ho m a,"

gay "M ex ica n Ha yr id e, " O lsen and Johnson 's "H el lza po pp in ' , " Kay Kyser and h is "Co l leg e of

Musica l Knowledge" . . . among others.

As the veteran M . C Speert, wou ld say, "That was l iving, Jack!"

And then every Sunday afternoon in N e w G uinea and on Leyte, the bo ys wo uld gather up their 19



THE ORIG INAL UNDEFEATED EIGHTH ARMY CHICKS

20



THE G-2 QUARTET-LEYTE LEYTE BEACH

chairs and head out to the ball f ie ld, for they were alwa ys assured of a go od gam e. The Eighth Arm y

Chicks began to be a legen d in the Southwest Pacific. On N e w Guinea, Leyre, Luzon and Samar, the

Chicks racke d up 46 consecutive v ictorie s. All in all, from the days of their formation back in

Me mp his , Tenn., the team won 126 times out of 133 starts. That was ba seball at its best.

Aid ed and abetted by baseba l l 's clow n, Al Schacht, the Chicks "m a de " YA NK , the army wee kly,

wh ile at Holla ndia . In the Philippines, big -mo uthe d, big he arted, Joe E. Brown himself started off their

season by fanning G enera l Eichelberger on six strikes. General Byers was the catcher that day. A

great amount of credit for the team's success goes to former playing pitcher-manager Hugh Mulcahy,

first major leaguer to enter the armed forces and now back with his Philadelphia Phill ies : Catcher

Ken Si lvestr i, late of the Ne w York Yankees, who succee ded M ulcah y, and Big "B roa dw ay A l " Flair ,

of the Boston Red Sox.

And wh ile on the subject of pleasures deriv ed fro m direct participa tion in the col or and activities

that made up Eighth Arm y Hea dqua rters, no one wi ll e ver forget the night of 10 August 1945 on Leyte.

That was the night that Japan said she was re ady to toss in the tow el. Receipt of the news in head

quarters touch ed off an improm ptu Times Square celeb ration the likes of whic h none had e ver seenbe fore . Mo st gathered alon g the s hores of Leyte Gulf to watch the Nav y toss up arsenals of fire

wo rks , rock ets, searchlights, flares and tracers in their victo ry celebratio n. Recent beer rations we re

qua ffed in the we e hours. Shouting, singing, back-slapp ing officers and enlisted men paraded among 121



PO ST I N G ELECTION RESULTS • T O K YO

AND THEN . . . THE OCCUPATION

124



IKURA DES'KA? " R ID E ' IM C O W B O Y/ " - T O KYO R O D EO

' ' H e y , Joe , th ink t hey ' l l g i ve us any t r o u b le ? " Tha t was t he t hough t t ha t exp ress ed our

f ee l i ngs ds w e l ined the ra i ls of the LST's carr y ing us into Yo ko ha ma H arb or . Shou ldn' t there have

bee n an aer ia l o r nava l bom ba rdm en t t o so f t en up t he enem y ? Suppo se t hese b i rds shou ld t urn on

us . W e we ren ' t a f ra id . . . m uch . . . bu t w e d id wo nde r . Then , a t da wn , we saw t he ou t l i nes o f a

mod ern c i t y . . . h ea rd t he fa r aw ay t oo t o f a t ra in wh is t l e , t he f ir s t in many , many mo nt hs . . . a s ign o f

c i v i l i z a t i o n . . . " S o u n d s ju sr l i ke t h e P o d un k S p e c i a l ! " " L o o k ! A s tr e e t c a r ! " . . . t h e n th e h u n d r ed s o f

Japa nese un loa d ing sh ips and l oad in g t ruc ks . . . w e qu it wo r ry i ng and t ook our f ir s t oppor t un i t y t o go

ou t t o exp lo re t he t own.

D e s e r t e d s t r e e t s , l i t te r e d w i t h d e b r i s . . . n o w o m e n . . . d i r t y , r a g g e d p e o p l e s t a r i n g a t u s d e a d - e y e d

f rom the murk o f a makesh i f t hove l . . . l i k e wa l k ing do wn t he s t ree ts o f som e anc ien t , l ong dese r t ed

c i t y | us f recen t l y unear t hed .

R o u g h ! T h o s e f ir s t f e w w e e k s . . . m o s q u i t o e s . . . n o h o t w a t e r . . . n o b e d s . . . " T h e J ap a n e s e s l e e p o n

t he f l oo r , do n ' t t h ey " The s t ran gene ss . . . t ha t uneasy f ee l i n g . . . i t ' s t oo qu ie t . . . t he r e ' s boun d t o be

s o m e t r o u b l e .

Then t he Japanese rea l i za t i on t ha t we we re no t t o i ns ti t ut e a re ign o f t e r ro r . . . t he f r i end l y

o v e r t u r e s . . . t he s i d e w a l k v e n d o r s . . . t h e s o u v e n i r s . . . " I t a ke t h is . H o w m u c h y o u w a n t ? T o o m u c h ! "

Learn t he l ang uage . . . su f ek i ne ? I kura deska ? Ben jo wa d ok o deska ? "T hr ow t hat ph rase bo ok i n

t he can a l . I 'm l ea rn in ' t he l i ngo o f f t he pe op le . " 25



KABUKI DANCER S ENTERTAIN G. l .s

126



YO K O H A M A C H A PEL WIVES AND FAMIL IES ARRIVE IN JAPAN

So much to see .. .so many places to g o! The shr ines... the temple s., . tor i i . . .al tars.. . lanterns.. .

screens.. . the honey bucket carts. . . the sm ells. . .cro wde d trains and street cars.. .kids al l ove r. . .on the

streets...on the backs of mothers, sisters and fathers.

W e worked and we p layed and d id both h ard. . .we exp lo red. . .w e v is i ted. . .we took p ictures.

H ow we took pictures!. Geisha houses.. . the to p of Fuj i . . ." I t ain' t wo rth i t , pal. The top looks

better from the botto m than the bottom does from the top ." Kam aku ra.. ."Yo u oughta see that

s ta tue ! " N i kk o. . . " W ha t a p la ce ! " The Japanese hote ls . . .hot baths. . .take of f your shoes. . .s leepon the f loor. . . t ake yo ur own w ate r. . .d on ' t eat their foo d.. .a nd then —

OFF LIMITS ! The Geish a ho uses ...the Japanese ho tels. Lega lized ye n, ...ciga rettes are for

smoking, not trading.. .no fraternizat ion .. .D.R.s. Instead.. .Rest hotels. . .Service C lubs.. .m ovies .. .USO

shows.. .Japanese plays.. .organized athlet ics and Red Cross sightseeing tr ips.

"Let ' s go H O M E !" Inact ivat ion. . .po in ts . . . "48— 49— 50. . .Some Stuf f ! " "Look ! I been over here

twe nty-t wo months and just because some guy has a coup le kid s.. ." Rumors and m ore rumors.. .

" I kno w a Sergeant up in G H Q , r ight near Mac Arthu r 's off ice , and he sa ys .. ." Fond farewells and

tearful Sayonara's.

Japan is oc cup ied by the N E W Arm y, br ight young lads starting a Regular Army career or

serving their t ime to get a col lege edu cat ion. . .No h plays, Kabuki dramas.. . they attend and talk

intel l igent ly about them. I t 's all calm and orde r ly now, bo ys. 27



book design, layout, art by williem arthur patrick

printing and binding by boonludo printing works

DATE DUE(DA Pamp 12-23)

|98B



DA FORM 1881, 1 JAN 57 OPO : 1957 O - 415619

MAIN 940.541273 U56abThe Amphibious Eighth.

United States. Army. Eighth Army. 7335294 -

s

1 |11 113 1695 00079 202 8



.5^1273

U56abc . l

U. S. Array. Ei gh th Array.The amphibious Eighth .

USRA10

COMMAA N D

GF i

the amphibious eighth

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