the american revolution. american revolution what do we mean by the revolution? the war? that was no...
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The American The American RevolutionRevolution
American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
What do we mean by the What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no Revolution? The war? That was no part of the revolution; it was only part of the revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. an effect and consequence of it. The revolution was in the minds of The revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected the people, and this was effected from 1760 - 1775, in the course of from 1760 - 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington. blood was shed at Lexington.
Adams – Letter to Jefferson 8/14/1815.Adams – Letter to Jefferson 8/14/1815.
Essential QuestionEssential Question
Was the American Revolution Was the American Revolution a revolution, or an a revolution, or an orchestrated class revolt?orchestrated class revolt?
Rivals for North Rivals for North AmericaAmerica
English Settlements Along CoastEnglish Settlements Along Coast
French ColoniesFrench Colonies
King Louis XIV
MercantilismMercantilism
Raw materials Manufactured
Goods
Colonies serve as sources for: and markets for:
French Wanted New French Wanted New FranceFrance
For ……………
Goods for Caribbean Colonies
Raw Materials for France
Royal ColonyRoyal Colony
Confronted IroquoisConfronted Iroquois
Encouraged French Encouraged French ImmigrationImmigration
Rivals for North Rivals for North AmericaAmerica
North America in North America in 17501750
North America in North America in 17501750
1754: The 1754: The First ClashFirst Clash1754: The 1754: The First ClashFirst Clash
Not this Clash
The The Ohio Ohio
ValleyValley
1754 Albany Plan of 1754 Albany Plan of UnionUnion
Foreshadow of things
yet to come?
1756 War Formally 1756 War Formally DeclaredDeclared
1758-1761 Tide Turns for
England
North America in 1763
Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis
Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis
France Lost
Canada
French Territories in India
Lands East of the Mississippi
Spain Gained
Lands West of the Mississippi
But lost Florida
Effects of the War?
Wh
o is
goin
g to
p
ay?
Raise Revenue
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Tension Along the Frontier
"No prince has ever begun his reign by so glorious a war and so generous a peace."
Lord Egremont to King George III of Great Britain, crowned on 25 October 1760, just two weeks after the fall of Montreal ending the French and Indian War
OPENING Q
Broadside – Name the WarBroadside – Name the War
Opening QOpening Q
"The injuries we have "The injuries we have received from the British received from the British nation were so unprovoked, nation were so unprovoked, and have been so great and and have been so great and so many, that they can so many, that they can never be forgotten."never be forgotten."
George WashingtonGeorge Washington Letter to J. Banister, 1778Letter to J. Banister, 1778
Myths of the RevolutionMyths of the Revolution
How would you describe the How would you describe the British during the American British during the American Revolution?Revolution?
How would you describe the How would you describe the Americans?Americans?
Are these impressions true? Are these impressions true?
Tax ActsTax Acts
The Road to RevolutionThe Road to Revolution
Sugar Act - 1764Sugar Act - 1764
In GB, called Revenue Act of 1764In GB, called Revenue Act of 1764 Extension of prior act (Molasses act of ’63)Extension of prior act (Molasses act of ’63) Actually lowered tariff from 6p to 3pActually lowered tariff from 6p to 3p
Attempt to stop smugglingAttempt to stop smuggling Issue of jurisdictionIssue of jurisdiction
Was to raise 45,000 Lbs, needed 100,000Was to raise 45,000 Lbs, needed 100,000 Massachusetts was only state to resistMassachusetts was only state to resist
Mass House of Representatives objectedMass House of Representatives objected Cited taxation w/o representationCited taxation w/o representation
Stamp Act - 1765Stamp Act - 1765
Tax on all documents & printed itemsTax on all documents & printed items Includes cards – “brawn”Includes cards – “brawn” Legal documents – “brains”Legal documents – “brains”
British thought tax would be British thought tax would be acceptableacceptable Spoke with Franklin, he agreed.Spoke with Franklin, he agreed.
This act lead to boycott.This act lead to boycott. Repealed in 1766Repealed in 1766
In conjunction w/ passing of Declaratory In conjunction w/ passing of Declaratory ActAct
Confirmed Parliament’s rightsConfirmed Parliament’s rights
Townsend Acts - 1767Townsend Acts - 1767
Tax on goods imported into the Tax on goods imported into the coloniescolonies Included many goods, including tea.Included many goods, including tea. Boycott Boycott
Fight over Hancock’s ship LibertyFight over Hancock’s ship Liberty Leads to troops being stationed in Leads to troops being stationed in
BostonBoston Troops not the best of BritainTroops not the best of Britain Boston MassacreBoston Massacre
Acts repealed except for tea.Acts repealed except for tea.
Tea Act - 1773Tea Act - 1773
Millions of pounds of tea in Millions of pounds of tea in storage storage
East India Tea CompanyEast India Tea Company Lobbies for American MarkeyLobbies for American Markey In debt.In debt.
Once in port tax must be paid Once in port tax must be paid w/in 20 daysw/in 20 days If not, customs seizes tea & sells it.If not, customs seizes tea & sells it.
Boston refuses to unload TeaBoston refuses to unload Tea 20 days winding down20 days winding down
Intolerable Acts - 1774Intolerable Acts - 1774
4 laws4 laws Boston Port ActBoston Port Act
Port shut down until duties paidPort shut down until duties paid Massachusetts Government ActMassachusetts Government Act
British control of GovernmentBritish control of Government Justice ActJustice Act
Anyone arrested can be tried in Anyone arrested can be tried in England.England.
Quartering ActQuartering Act Colonists must harbour British troopsColonists must harbour British troops
Quebec ActQuebec Act Re-establishes Catholicism in QuebecRe-establishes Catholicism in Quebec
Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts
Objective was to bring Objective was to bring colonies under controlcolonies under control
Result was colonies unitedResult was colonies united Colonies felt Mass being singled Colonies felt Mass being singled
outout First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress
12 of 13 present12 of 13 present Declaration of rightsDeclaration of rights
Battle of moderates vs radicalsBattle of moderates vs radicals
Br. Gvt. measures to prevent Br. Gvt. measures to prevent smuggling:smuggling:
James Otis’James Otis’ case case
Protection of a citizen’sProtection of a citizen’s private property must private property must bebe held in higher regard held in higher regard than a parliamentary than a parliamentary statute. statute.
A 1761 1761 writs of assistancewrits of assistance
He lost He lost parliamentary parliamentary law and custom had law and custom had equalequalweight.weight.
Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire
Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire
1.1. Sugar Act - 1764 Sugar Act - 1764
2.2. Currency Act - 1764 Currency Act - 1764
4.4. Stamp Act - 1765 Stamp Act - 1765
3.3. Quartering Act - 1765 Quartering Act - 1765
George Grenville’s George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765George Grenville’s George Grenville’s
Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765
Real WhigsReal Whigs
Q->Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’sWhat was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies?? authority over the colonies??
Absolute?Absolute? OR OR Limited?Limited?
Q->Q-> How could the colonies give or How could the colonies give or withhold consent for withhold consent for parliamentaryparliamentary legislation when they did not legislation when they did not havehave representation in that body?? representation in that body??
Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation
Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation
Loyal NineLoyal Nine - 1765- 1765
Sons of LibertySons of Liberty – – began in began in NYC:NYC:Samuel Samuel Adams Adams
Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress – 1765– 1765 ** Stamp Act ResolvesStamp Act Resolves
Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act – – 17661766
Stamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act Crisis
17671767 William Pitt, P. M. & Charles William Pitt, P. M. & Charles Townshend, Secretary of Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. the Exchequer.
A Shift from paying taxes for Br. Shift from paying taxes for Br. war war debts & quartering of troops debts & quartering of troops paying col. govt. salaries. paying col. govt. salaries.A He diverted revenue collection He diverted revenue collection from from internal to external trade. internal to external trade.A Tax these imports Tax these imports paper, paint, paper, paint, lead, glass, tea. lead, glass, tea.
A Increase custom officials at Increase custom officials at American ports American ports established a established a Board of Customs in Boston. Board of Customs in Boston.
Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770
1.1. John Dickinson John Dickinson 1768 1768 ** Letters from a Farmer inLetters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania..
2.2. 1768 1768 2 2ndnd non-importation non-importation movement: movement: ** “Daughters of Liberty”“Daughters of Liberty” ** spinning beesspinning bees
3.3. Riots against customs Riots against customs agents:agents: ** John Hancock’s ship, the John Hancock’s ship, the
LibertyLiberty.. ** 4000 British troops sent 4000 British troops sent to Boston. to Boston.
Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend
DutiesDuties
Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend
DutiesDuties