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Slide 2 The Age of Reason 1745-1800 Authors: The Revolutionary War Period Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Patrick Henry (1736-1799) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Slide 3 Vocabulary for Age of Reason Define and write an example: (use your textbook) Antithesis Rhetorical question Emotional appeal Logical appeal Repetition Parallelism (parallel structure) Aphorism Slide 4 I think, therefore I am. Gods special gift to humanitythe ability to think. The Enlightenment : Began in Europe (17 th century) Emerged with modern science and the scientific method Influenced by Sir Isaac Newtons view of universe Belief in unlimited possibilities when guided by reason Rationalism is the belief that we can arrive at truth by using our reason rather than relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or on intuition. Rene Descartes Slide 5 Deism: The Beliefs The existence of deity God made the universe orderly and good God governs the world with His Providence The most acceptable service of God is doing good to man Souls are immortal and good Crimes will be punished and virtue rewarded either here or hereafter God made it possible for all people at all times to discover natural laws through their faculty of reason. Sir Isaac Newton Slide 6 Content: Rooted in reality Wrote about social, political, and scientific improvements Primarily non-fiction pamphlets Intended to serve practical or political ends Slide 7 1736-1799: Lawyer Age 29 involved in politics Master orator Dramatic orator 1 st great speech against Stamp Act Powerful Virginia politician Slide 8 Speech to the Virginia Convention by Patrick Henry Audience: Virginia delegates Purpose: to gather support for a proposed resolution to approve the formation of a local militia Style: persuasive a call to action proof supporting speakers position and motives a heightened style Slide 9 1743-1826 Virginia gentleman, politician, governor, Renaissance man Classically educated Lawyer and writer 3 rd President of United States of America Louisiana Purchase Died on 50 th anniversary of the independence (7/4/1826) Wrote his own epitaph Here was buried Thomas Jefferson, Author of the Declaration of Independence, of the Statute of Virginia for religious freedom, and Father of the University of Virginia. Slide 10 Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson Audience: King of Britain Style: a declaration Purpose: to declare independence 4 Parts of the Declaration: 1.Preamble 2.Declaration of rights 3.List of Complaints 4.Conclusion Slide 11 The Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin Audience: son or those interested in improvement Style: personal narrative (unquestioned masterpiece of the American Age of Reason) Purpose: self-help book Slide 12 1706-1790 Printer, postmaster, almanac maker, essayist, chemist, orator, tinker, statesman, humorist, philosopher, parlor man, political economist, professor of housewifery, ambassador, projector, maxim-monger, herb-doctor, wit: Jack of all trades, master of each and mastered by nonethe type and genius of the land, Franklin was everything but a poet. By Herman Melville Classic American success storya self-made man Rags to Riches Slide 13 Basics of an Argument Slide 14 Step 1: A Claim, or clear statement of a position on an issue Thesis statement Slide 15 Step 2: Support for the claim, which consists of reasons and evidence Slide 16 Step 3: Counterarguments, or statements that anticipate and refute opposing views Slide 17 Step 4: Sound Logic and effective language Slide 18 Conclusion: A conclusion that sums up the reasons or the call for action