The Age of ChivalryThe Age of Chivalry

Chapter 13 section 3Chapter 13 section 3

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Do You Remember?Do You Remember?

Which invaders came from the north?Which invaders came from the north? VikingsVikings Why were the Muslims out for revenge?Why were the Muslims out for revenge? They failed at conquering Europe in the 600 and 700sThey failed at conquering Europe in the 600 and 700s Who was at the top of the feudal pyramid?Who was at the top of the feudal pyramid? The kingThe king What was the difference between serfs and peasants?What was the difference between serfs and peasants? Serfs couldn’t leave the manor because they were born Serfs couldn’t leave the manor because they were born

therethere How much did each family pay in church tax?How much did each family pay in church tax? 10% of income10% of income

Fighting Feudal LordsFighting Feudal Lords

During the Middle Ages, nobles were During the Middle Ages, nobles were always fighting each otheralways fighting each other

Feudal lords:Feudal lords:

* defended estates* defended estates

* seized new territories* seized new territories

* increased their wealth* increased their wealth

Warriors on HorsebackWarriors on Horseback

Lords and armies lived in a violent Lords and armies lived in a violent societysociety

Combat skills were awarded and Combat skills were awarded and appreciatedappreciated

By 1100 a code of behavior aroseBy 1100 a code of behavior arose

Charles Martel observed how Muslim cavalry Charles Martel observed how Muslim cavalry won battleswon battles

He organized Frankish troops of armored He organized Frankish troops of armored horseman, or knightshorseman, or knights

Leather saddle and stirrups changed the Leather saddle and stirrups changed the technology of warfare in Europe during 700stechnology of warfare in Europe during 700s

The saddle kept a warrior firmly seated The saddle kept a warrior firmly seated on his horseon his horse

Stirrups allowed the soldier to stand up Stirrups allowed the soldier to stand up while riding and maneuver heavier while riding and maneuver heavier weaponsweapons

Without stirrups to hold him, the soldier Without stirrups to hold him, the soldier would fall off his horsewould fall off his horse

Frankish knights could knock over enemy Frankish knights could knock over enemy foot soldiers and riders on horsebackfoot soldiers and riders on horseback

Mounted knights became the most Mounted knights became the most important part of the armyimportant part of the army

The horses they owned became status The horses they owned became status symbolssymbols

Warhorses played a key military roleWarhorses played a key military role

Knighted ArmorKnighted Armor

A knights armor had to fit the knight A knights armor had to fit the knight perfectlyperfectly

The parts of a Knights Suit of Armor were The parts of a Knights Suit of Armor were a complex series of garments, chain mail a complex series of garments, chain mail and iron plate and iron plate

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEuhKRhrvRMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEuhKRhrvRM

Lords and KnightsLords and Knights

Feudal lords raised private armies to defend Feudal lords raised private armies to defend their territoriestheir territories

In exchange for military service, they would In exchange for military service, they would reward knights with fiefs from large estatesreward knights with fiefs from large estates

Wealth from fiefs could afford knights to pay for Wealth from fiefs could afford knights to pay for weapons and warhorsesweapons and warhorses

As a lords vassal, the knight was obligated to As a lords vassal, the knight was obligated to fight in battle, typically 40 days a yearfight in battle, typically 40 days a year

Knights were expected to display Knights were expected to display courage in battle and loyalty to his lordcourage in battle and loyalty to his lord

By the 1100s a code of chivalry developsBy the 1100s a code of chivalry develops Chivalry code was a complex set of Chivalry code was a complex set of

idealsideals

Code of ChivalryCode of Chivalry

Code demanded that that a knight fight in Code demanded that that a knight fight in bravery in defense of his 3 masters: bravery in defense of his 3 masters:

* His earthly lord* His earthly lord

* His heavenly Lord* His heavenly Lord

* His chosen lady* His chosen lady

Ideal knightIdeal knight

The ideal knight was loyal, brave and The ideal knight was loyal, brave and courteouscourteous

The knights were also supposed to The knights were also supposed to protect the weak and the poorprotect the weak and the poor

Many knights failed to meet such high Many knights failed to meet such high standardsstandards

A DisgraceA Disgrace

A cowardly knight who disgraced the code of A cowardly knight who disgraced the code of chivalry faced public shame:chivalry faced public shame:

First his armor was stripped off, then his shield First his armor was stripped off, then his shield was cracked, next his spurs were cut off and his was cracked, next his spurs were cut off and his sword was broken over his head. People then sword was broken over his head. People then threw the knight into a coffin and dragged him to threw the knight into a coffin and dragged him to church where a priest would chant a mock funeral church where a priest would chant a mock funeral serviceservice

Education of a knightEducation of a knight

Page- at age 7, a young noble was sent Page- at age 7, a young noble was sent to the castle of another lord where he to the castle of another lord where he waited on hosts and learned courtly waited on hosts and learned courtly mannersmanners

Squire- at 14, he was raised ranks to a Squire- at 14, he was raised ranks to a squire, who was a servant to the knight- squire, who was a servant to the knight- took care of armor, weapons, horsetook care of armor, weapons, horse

Knight- at age 21 became a knightKnight- at age 21 became a knight

KnightKnight

SquireSquire

PagePage

Tournaments Tournaments

To train, some knights would fight in mock To train, some knights would fight in mock battles called tournamentsbattles called tournaments

They were fierce, bloody competitionsThey were fierce, bloody competitions Winners could demand high ransoms from the Winners could demand high ransoms from the

losing knightslosing knights Trumpets blared and people cheered as they Trumpets blared and people cheered as they

watched the competitionwatched the competition

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtCxl9lehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtCxl9leYQ4&feature=plcpYQ4&feature=plcp

The CastleThe Castle

Stone castles were protected by massive Stone castles were protected by massive walls and guard towerswalls and guard towers

Castle was home to the lord, wife, family, Castle was home to the lord, wife, family, knights and servantsknights and servants

Anywhere from several hundred or Anywhere from several hundred or several THOUSAND could live in the several THOUSAND could live in the castle depending on its size!castle depending on its size!

Defending the CastleDefending the Castle

The castle was also designed for defenseThe castle was also designed for defense Attacking armies used different strategies to try Attacking armies used different strategies to try

and force castle residents to surrenderand force castle residents to surrender Defenders of a castle would pour boiling water, Defenders of a castle would pour boiling water,

hot oil, or molten lead on enemy soldiershot oil, or molten lead on enemy soldiers Expert archers on castle roofs would fire Expert archers on castle roofs would fire

deadly bolts that could pierce full armordeadly bolts that could pierce full armor http://my.hrw.com/ss_2012/hs_whist12/eactivitihttp://my.hrw.com/ss_2012/hs_whist12/eactiviti

es/Animation/whs05_013_366.htmles/Animation/whs05_013_366.html

TrebuchetTrebuchet

Enemy Enemy soldiers soldiers would would launch launch diseased diseased bodies, bodies, animals, animals, severed severed heads, heads, burning burning liquids over liquids over castle wallscastle walls

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PtAlUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PtAlUKX4PYKX4PY

Sometimes, entering Sometimes, entering through the “toilet” was an through the “toilet” was an optionoption

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtaRI1UD0y0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtaRI1UD0y0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pygLvyDdewUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pygLvyDdewU

Literature of ChivalryLiterature of Chivalry

Medieval literature downplayed the Medieval literature downplayed the brutality of knight life and warfarebrutality of knight life and warfare

Many stories glorified knighthood and Many stories glorified knighthood and chivalry, even bloody battles and chivalry, even bloody battles and tournamentstournaments

Epic PoemsEpic Poems

Feudal lords and their ladies enjoyed listening Feudal lords and their ladies enjoyed listening to epic poemsto epic poems

These poems recounted a hero’s good deeds These poems recounted a hero’s good deeds and adventuresand adventures

Some epics were about legendary heroes like Some epics were about legendary heroes like Charlemagne and King ArthurCharlemagne and King Arthur

The Song of RolandThe Song of Roland, a poem praising French , a poem praising French soldiers fighting with Charlemagne, is one of soldiers fighting with Charlemagne, is one of the earliest and most famous epic poemsthe earliest and most famous epic poems

Under the code of chivalry, a knights duty Under the code of chivalry, a knights duty to his lady was as important as duty to his to his lady was as important as duty to his lordlord

Some poems and songs were about the Some poems and songs were about the struggle of balancing the twostruggle of balancing the two

Troubadours were poet musicians who Troubadours were poet musicians who composed short verses and songs about composed short verses and songs about joys and sorrows of lovejoys and sorrows of love

WomenWomen

The Church viewed women as inferior to The Church viewed women as inferior to menmen

Idea of Romantic love put women on a Idea of Romantic love put women on a pedestalpedestal

A true knight pledged loyalty to all A true knight pledged loyalty to all womenwomen

Women’s status actually declined as Women’s status actually declined as feudalism developedfeudalism developed

Roles became limited to the home Roles became limited to the home performing endless labor, bearing performing endless labor, bearing children and taking care of their familieschildren and taking care of their families

Most women were poor and powerlessMost women were poor and powerless

Women in PowerWomen in Power

Noblewomen had more powerNoblewomen had more power She could inherit an estate from her husband She could inherit an estate from her husband

and send knights to warand send knights to war If her husband was off fighting, the lady of the If her husband was off fighting, the lady of the

castle might act as a commander, or even a castle might act as a commander, or even a warrior while defending her castlewarrior while defending her castle

Women weren’t able to receive land for military Women weren’t able to receive land for military serviceservice

Lords passed down fiefs to their sons, but not Lords passed down fiefs to their sons, but not their daughterstheir daughters

A noblewoman A noblewoman would hurl would hurl rocks, fire rocks, fire arrows, mount arrows, mount warhorses, warhorses, even dress in even dress in armor while armor while defending her defending her castlecastle

As Middle Ages As Middle Ages progress, even progress, even noblewomen would have noblewomen would have less power than they had less power than they had years earlieryears earlier

Eleanor of Aquitaine was Eleanor of Aquitaine was an exceptionan exception

She was Queen of She was Queen of England and ruled at England and ruled at times for her husband times for her husband Henry II and her son, Henry II and her son, Richard the LionheartedRichard the Lionhearted

The Church’s RoleThe Church’s Role

The Church played a role in the declining The Church played a role in the declining status of womenstatus of women

The Church tried to regain control of The Church tried to regain control of religious organizations like convents and religious organizations like convents and monasteries that noblewomen had monasteries that noblewomen had founded or supportedfounded or supported

The influence of the Church would The influence of the Church would expand resulting in conflictsexpand resulting in conflicts

AssignmentAssignment

List 5 “MODERN” ways to take down a List 5 “MODERN” ways to take down a castlecastle

Illustrate themIllustrate them