the aegean in the neolithic, chalcolithic and the early bronze...

ANKARA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTER FOR MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY (ANKÜSAM)

Publication No: 1

Proceedings of the International Symposium

The Aegean in the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age

October 13th – 19th 1997, Urla - İzmir (Turkey)

Edited by

Hayat Erkanal, Harald Hauptmann, Vasıf Şahoğlu, Rıza Tuncel

Ankara • 2008

ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ / ANKARA UNIVERSITY SUALTI ARKEOLOJİK ARAŞTIRMA ve UYGULAMA MERKEZİ (ANKÜSAM)

RESEARCH CENTER FOR MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY (ANKÜSAM)

Yayın No / Publication No: 1

Ön kapak: İzmir - Höyücek’de ele geçmiş insan yüzü tasvirli bir stel. M.Ö. 3. Bin. Front cover: A stelae depicting a human face from İzmir - Höyücek . 3rd Millennium

BC. Arka kapak: Liman Tepe Erken Tunç Çağı II, Atnalı Biçimli Bastiyon. Back cover: Early Bronze Age II horse-shoe shaped bastion at Liman Tepe.

Kapak Tasarımı / Cover Design : Vasıf Şahoğlu

ISBN: 978-975-482-767-5

Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi / Ankara University Press İncitaşı Sokak No:10 06510 Beşevler / ANKARA

Tel: 0 (312) 213 66 55 Basım Tarihi: 31 / 03 / 2008

CONTENTS

Abbreviations …………………………………………………………………………………............ xi Preface by the Editors ………………………………………………………………………………… xiii Opening speech by the Mayor, Bülent BARATALI …...……………………………………………......... xxiii Opening speech by Prof. Dr. Ekrem AKURGAL ……………………………………............................... xxv Opening speech by Prof. Dr. Christos DOUMAS……………………………………………………….. xxvii LILIAN ACHEILARA

Myrina in Prehistoric Times …..……………………………………………………………. 1 VASSILIKI ADRIMI – SISMANI

Données Récentes Concernant Le Site Prehistorique De Dimini: La Continuité de l’Habitation Littorale depuis le Début du Néolithique Récent jusqu’à la Fin du Bronze Ancien ……………………………………………………………………………… 9

IOANNIS ASLANIS

Frühe Fortifikationssysteme in Griechenland ………………………………………………. 35 PANAGIOTA AYGERINOU

A Flaked-Stone Industry from Mytilene: A Preliminary Report …………………………… 45 ANTHI BATZIOU – EFSTATHIOU

Kastraki: A New Bronze Age Settlement in Achaea Phthiotis …………………………….. 73 MARIO BENZI

A Forgotten Island: Kalymnos in the Late Neolithic Period ……………………………….. 85 ÖNDER BİLGİ

Relations between İkiztepe by the Black Sea Coast and the Aegean World before Iron Age ……………………………………………………………………………... 109

TRISTAN CARTER

Cinnabar and the Cyclades: Body modification and Political Structure in the Late EB I Southern Cyclades ………………………………………………………............. 119

CHRISTOS DOUMAS

The Aegean Islands and their Role in the Developement of Civilisation ………….............. 131 ANTHI DOVA

Prehistoric Topography of Lemnos: The Early Bronze Age ………………………………. 141 NIKOS EFSTRATIOU

The Neolithic of the Aegean Islands: A New Picture Emerging ………………….............. 159 HAYAT ERKANAL

Die Neue Forschungen in Bakla Tepe bei İzmir ..…………………………………………. 165 HAYAT ERKANAL

Liman Tepe: A New Light on the Prehistoric Aegean Cultures …………………………… 179 JEANNETTE FORSÉN

The Asea Valley from the Neolithic Period to the Early Bronze Age …………….............. 191 DAVID H. FRENCH

Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Pottery of Southwest Anatolia ………………............. 197

Contents

viii

NOEL GALE Metal Sources for Early Bronze Age Troy and the Aegean ………………………............. 203

BARTHEL HROUDA

Zur Chronologie Südwestkleinasiens in der 2. Hälfte des 3. Jahrtausends v. Chr ............... 223 HALİME HÜRYILMAZ

1996 Rettungsgrabungen auf dem Yenibademli Höyük, Gökçeada / Imbros …………….. 229

ERGUN KAPTAN Metallurgical Residues from Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Liman Tepe ………………………………………………………………………….......... 243

ANNA KARABATSOLI and LIA KARIMALI

Etude Comparative Des Industries Lithiques Taillées Du Néolithique Final Et Du Bronze Ancien Egéen : Le Cas De Pefkakia ………………………………………….. 251

NECMİ KARUL

Flechtwerkgabäude aus Osttrakien ……………………………………………………….. 263 SİNAN KILIÇ

The Early Bronze Age Pottery from Northwest Turkey in Light of Results of a Survey around the Marmara Sea ………………………………………………………….. 275

OURANIA KOUKA

Zur Struktur der frühbronzezeitlichen insularen Gesellschaften der Nord- und Ostägäis: Ein neues Bild der sogenannten “Trojanischen Kultur”…………….. 285

NINA KYPARISSI – APOSTOLIKA

Some Finds of Balkan (or Anatolian) Type in the Neolithic Deposit of Theopetra Cave, Thessaly …………………………………………………………………. 301

LAURA LABRIOLA

First Impressions: A Preliminary Account of Matt Impressed Pottery in the Prehistoric Aegean ………………………………………………………………………… 309

ROBERT LAFFINEUR

Aspects of Early Bronze Age Jewellery in the Aegean …………………………………… 323 KYRIAKOS LAMBRIANIDES and NIGEL SPENCER

The Early Bronze Age Sites of Lesbos and the Madra Çay Delta: New Light on a Discrete Regional Centre of Prehistoric Settlement and Society in the Northeast Aegean ……………………………………………………........................ 333

YUNUS LENGERANLI

Metallic Mineral Deposits and Occurences of the Izmir District, Turkey ………………… 355 EFTALIA MAKRI – SKOTINIOTI and VASSILIKI ADRIMI – SISMANI

Les Sites Du Neolithique Recent Dans Le Golfe Pagasetique : La Transformation Des Sites De L’age De Bronze En Sites Urbains (Le Cas De Dimini) ……………………. 369

ELSA NIKOLAOU, VASSO RONDIRI and LIA KARIMALI

Magoula Orgozinos: A Neolithic Site in Western Thessaly, Greece ………………………. 387 EMEL OYBAK and CAHİT DOĞAN

Plant Remains from Liman Tepe and Bakla Tepe in the İzmir Region ……………………. 399

Contents

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DEMETRA PAPACONSTANTINOU Looking for ‘Texts’ in the Neolithic Aegean: Space, Place and the Study of Domestic Architecture (Poster summary) ………………………………….......... 407

ATHANASSIOS J. PAPADOPOULOS and SPYRIDOULA KONTORLI – PAPADOPOULOU Some thoughts on the Problem of Relations between the Aegean and Western Greece in the Early Bronze Age …………………………………………………. 411

STRATIS PAPADOPOULOS and DIMITRA MALAMIDOU

Limenaria: A Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Settlement at Thasos ……………………… 427 DANIEL J. PULLEN

Connecting the Early Bronze I and II Periods in the Aegean ……………………………….. 447

JEREMY B. RUTTER Anatolian Roots of Early Helladic III Drinking Behaviour …………………………………. 461

VASIF ŞAHOĞLU

New Evidence for the Relations Between the Izmir Region, the Cyclades and the Greek Mainland during the Third Millennium BC …………………………………. 483

ADAMANTIOS SAMPSON

From the Mesolithic to the Neolithic: New Data on Aegean Prehistory ……………………. 503 EVANGELIA SKAFIDA

Symbols from the Aegean World: The Case of Late Neolithic Figurines and House Models from Thessaly …………………………………………………………... 517

PANAGIOTA SOTIRAKOPOULOU

The Cyclades, The East Aegean Islands and the Western Asia Minor: Their Relations in the Aegean Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age …………………….. 533

GEORGIA STRATOULI

Soziale une ökonomische Aspekte des Chalkolithikums (spätneolithikum II) in der Ägäis aufgrund alter und neuer Angaben …………………………………………….. 559

GEORGE TOUFEXIS

Recent Neolithic Research in the Eastern Thessalian Plain, Greece: A Preliminary Report ……………………………………………………………………….. 569

RIZA TUNCEL

IRERP Survey Program: New Prehistoric Settlements in the Izmir Region ……………….. 581 HANNELORE VANHAVERBEKE, PIERRE M. VERMEERSCH, INGRID BEULS, BEA de CUPERE and MARC WAELKENS

People of the Höyüks versus People of the Mountains ? …………………………………… 593 KOSTAS VOUZAXAKIS

An Alternative Suggestion in Archaeological Data Presentations: Neolithic Culture Through the Finds from Volos Archaeological Museum ……………….. 607

Closing Remarks by Prof. Dr Machteld J. MELLINK ………………………………………………. 611 Symposium Programme ……………………………………………………………………………… 615 Memories from the Symposium……………………………………………………………………… 623

Recent Neolithic Research in the Eastern Thessalian Plain, Greece: A Preliminary Report

George TOUFEXIS

ABSTRACT: The paper is a preliminary report on recent excavations at several neolithic sites in the Eastern Thessalian Plain in Greece. Among these, Galene might have been a short-lived Late and Final/Early Bronze Age flat type site indicating that tells (magoules) although dominant in Thessaly, might not have been a crystallized type site in this region. Excavations at the well known tell Rachmani brought to light Late/Final neolithic wells indicating an alternative pattern for the procurement of fresh water. Besides excavations at Late Neolithic Mandra 1 located on the top of a small hill, revealed so far part of an enceinte wall encircling the settlement and prior to that ditches in concentric arrangement.

During the last two years large scale public works in Thessaly necessitated intensive field and excavation research which brought to light prehistoric and historic sites under danger of destruction. A nice opportunity arose for the archaeologists involved to excavate sites which otherwise might never be excavated. The Neolithic part of this research, in addition to small rescue excavations directed by the IE’ Ephorate of Antiquities (Larisa) are briefly discussed in this paper. The results of this research, which covered mostly the central and northern parts of the Larisa plain in the eastern Thessalian basin, are preliminary and may change when the study proceeds further. Actually some excavations have just finished or are still in progress.

Along the route of the East Deviation of Larisa, a branch of the National Road from Athens to Thessaloniki, a pre-Dimini Late Neolithic (tentatively attributed to Arapi phase) and Final Neolithic / Early Bronze Age site was uncovered and excavated in an area of approx. 1.7 acres (No 1 on the map, Figs. 1,2). The site conventionally named Galene after the community to which it belongs, is situated in the central part of the Larisa plain, 7.5 km south-east of Larisa (approx. 78 m asl). It has been buried under alluvium approx. 0.80-1m thick and its discovery was made possible only after most of the alluvium had been bulldozed away. There was no observable evidence on the surface and the Neolithic sherds were embedded in the hard and cohesive alluvium and were hardly visible unless the latter was broken with a hammer. Despite its aridity this part of the plain was densely inhabited in the Neolithic period. It lies between a zone

along the Mavrovouni Mountain to the east, part of which was occupied by the former Lake Karla or Boïbe (drained in the 1960’s) and the Late Pliocene-Pleistocene mid-Thessalian hills to the west which separate the Thessalian basin into two halves. Because it includes the still indeterminate boundary between the Late Pleistocene terraces and Holocene floodplain, it is worth mentioning briefly the well known landform of the northern Larisa plain1. Almost half of it is covered by a Late Pleistocene Early Holocene low terrace resulting from the Peneios drainage system which is absent from the southern part of the plain. This low paleo-floodplain stands well above the Peneios river and approx. 5-15 m above the present floodplain. It consists of three extended depositional episodes separated by long periods of non deposition. The first fill, the Agia Sofia alluvium, still found on the surface, was the most extensive and deposited 40.000 to 27.000 B.P. Deposition resumed 14.000-10.000 B.P. forming the Mikrolithos alluvium. After a period of landscape stability the Middle Holocene Girtoni alluvium was laid 8.500–6.500 B.P. across the entire Mikrolithos and much of the Agia Sofia alluvium. Along the bottom of the surrounding mountains, alluvial fans were built in parallel processes. Several Neolithic sites were founded on the Agia Sofia terrace close to the active Early Holocene floodplain including the well known sites 1 Demitrack 1986 and 1994.

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Argissa and Rachmani. It has been suggested that natural factors (tectonic and climatic) and the human impact (deforestation – early agriculture especially for the Girtoni alluvium) may have been responsible for this alluviation history which ended with the historical and modern Peneios alluvia.

Although the Holocene alluvia are not believed to have capped entirely Neolithic tells but probably only their edges, some of the sites may have been buried under the modern floodplain. Galene and other findspots seem to confirm that under the alluvium “carpet” of the modern plain various traces of prehistoric and historic human activity can be found. More specifically along the East Deviation of Larisa and 1.5 km north of Galene, sherds tentatively attributed to the Late/Final Neolithic Period were picked up from approx. 0.80 m below the surface and under similar circumstances to those at Galene. From what was discernible, the sherds were scattered in a restricted area approximately 60x30 m within the road but may have extended much further. Along the same road, at another findspot near the village of Melissochori, 5 km north of Galene and within the early Holocene floodplain, an Early Bronze Age pit of large dimensions was found at a similar depth whereas some other pits might also have existed near by (Fig. 1). The fill of the pit contained pottery fragments as well as a few artifacts. In all these cases and as far as the time span of the alluvium aggregation is concerned, it is tentatively suggested that at least its upper part may have been just contemporary or posterior to the very Late Hellenistic/Roman period. A small Kome of that period adjacent to Galene is raised just above the present surface whereas some of its cist graves were dug within the alluvium reaching the sterile brown calcareous soil. The same situation observed also in some graves of that period excavated near the Early Bronze Age pit at Melissochori. Besides, in the vicinity of Galene low Neolithic mounds which have also been inhabited during the Late Neolithic stand 1-2 m above the present surface. This fact may imply a rather low depositional volume of this alluvium and consequently no significant alteration of the landform in these parts of the plain for a prolonged period. On the other hand geologic analyses are needed in order to identify the origins

and extention of this alluvium in the broader area. It is also worth mentioning that in the north-west part of Galene the terrain sloped abruptly forming a deep pocket where trapped alluvium approx. 3 m thick buried Final Neolithic pits filled with cultural residue. The lower part of this alluvium seemed to have been accumulated in more stable conditions and might indicate the presence of stagnant water for quite a long period.

Galene and the findspots mentioned above were prone to be masked completely because either they probably had a horizontal settlement pattern very different from tells or comprised pits with no accumulation of deposits above ground. Indeed Galene might have had characteristics of a short-lived flat type site between tells closely spaced in this region of the plain although its extent or even “occupation character” is not yet clearly determined. The excavated area was characterised by numerous pits of different shape, size and depth either closely packed (south part of the area, Fig. 2) or widely spaced (north part, Fig. 3). Among the pits some were big, circular or ovoid up to approx. 4.50 m wide but narrowed towards their bottoms with conical profile and rather uneven walls, reaching in one case up to 2.80m depth. An ellipsoid pit approx. 6.20 x 4.80 m was divided into five circular ones, dug perpendicularly into its bottom whereas another big pit was accompanied by a smaller circular one (Fig. 4). There existed also circular pits with diameter and depth up to approx. 1.40 m and 1.60 m respectively as well as bigger ones, circular or roughly ovoid up to approx. 3.50 m wide and 1 m deep. The walls of another pit approx. 2.10 m wide and 1 m deep had a step-like form. The seriously eroded finds among them sherds, bones, stone tools and few figurines, were found in small quantities mostly within pits as well as outside in the open area where the deposits were thin, discontinuous and poor in finds. Exceptionally few pits were richer in pottery and had a denser stratigraphic sequence in contrast to other pits which


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were very poor and with a rather homogenous fill. At the present stage of research the interpretation of the various pits is not clear although some of them seemed to have served as rubbish pits in a secondary use. Scanty remnants of seriously destroyed structures in the open area such as a circular structure between burnt mudbricks or wattle and daub pieces indicate a more intentional use of some parts of the open area. Three burials of adults in contracted position were clustered in the NW part of the excavation and another one was found inside a pit.

“Magoules” as they call tells in Thessaly, are considered as the typical form of Neolithic sites in this part of Greece although extended and restricted sites have also existed, for example Sesklo B2. Flat type sites are known in Macedonia3 and the Balkans in the Neolithic period although in Thessaly tells remained the dominant type. It has been suggested that their main characteristic was the very large extent and horizontal intrasettlement pattern in which occupation space alternated with farmland4. In these sites temporal and spatial discontinuity can be interpreted in the sense of horizontally moving settlers5. The Late Neolithic in Thessaly was marked by a prolifiration of sites, colonisation of marginal areas and a preference for habitation in the open plain rather than hilly areas clearly seen in the central and especially southern part of the Larisa plain6. In the last region the new sites were low tells closely packed and of small size not exceeding 0.5 hectares, probably as a response to the unfavourable conditions of this homogenous and arid region7. Galene may indicate quite a different alternative pattern although has no parrallels in this region so far.

Among the neighbouring tells, Magoula Chalki 1(No 2 on the map), 4.5 km south-east of Galene is one of the prominent tells on the plain inhabited in the Neolithic and Late Bronze Age 8. In four test trenches at the western edges of the tell deposits 3.20 m thick (max.) were unearthed,

2 Kotsakis 1994. 3 Kotsakis 1994; Andreou & Kotsakis 1994, 17-25;

Grammenos 1996, 42-43; Μπέσιος & Παππά 1998: 13-30. 4 Andreou & Kotsakis 1994, 20. 5 Kotsakis 1994, 127-128; Μπέσιος & Παππά 1998. 6 Halstead 1984, 6.4.4, fig. 6.11; Γαλλής 1992, 222-240,

Andreou et al. 1996, 554. 7 Halstead 1984, 6.4.4-6.4.6, Halstead 1994, 200. 8 Γαλλής 1992, 188.

mainly of the Early/ Middle Neolithic periods. Late Neolithic deposits of Tsangli/Larisa phases were also unearthed, particularly in Trench B. Two Early/Middle Neolithic pits were dug into the sterile soil whereas a few scattered post holes indicate the existence of some structures of that period in this part of the settlement.

In the nearby low Magoula Melissochori 39, 4 km north-west of Galene and east of Larisa (No 3 on the map), two small test trenches at its western edges were laid in order to determine the extent of the Neolithic habitation area. From the approx. 3.50 m thick deposits only their lower parts corresponded to intact Neolithic layers which in both trenches were sealed by almost undifferentiated thick strata containing small quantities of pottery. The latter seemed to have been the result of alluvium aggregation and erosion of the uppermost parts of the tell. It is interesting to note that although the two trenches were only 20 m apart, the intact deposits laid on the sterile in Trench B were of Early Neolithic period whereas in Trench A of pre-Dimini Late Neolithic (tentatively attributed to Arapi phase) including also part of a pit approx. 2 m deep.

On the northern part of the Larisa palaeo-floodplain and above the present Peneios floodplain, is situated the well known Magoula Rachmani (No 4 on the map, Fig. 5). After short excavations by Wace and Thompson in 1910, the site became synonymous with the Chalcolithic period in Thessaly. Rescue excavations still in progress on the western edges of the tell revealed so far deposits and pits of Classic Dimini and Final Neolithic phases. At least three of the pits were narrow and circular (diam. approx. 0.90-1 m) and very deep (max. depth 3.78 m.) and might have been wells (Fig. 6). They were filled with debris containing pottery fragments, even unbroken pots were found in one of them whereas large schist stones were removed from another one. The main habitation area in the Late and Final Neolithic, seemed to

9 Γαλλής 1992, 148.

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have been concentrated within the contour of the tell and surrounded by a rather open space where the pits were dug. The latter were dug within alluvial deposits, probably of fluvial origin10 which reached the edges of the tell. According to Demitrack, Rachmani has already been occupied when Girtoni alluvium started its aggregation11 implying that it was situated in an active floodplain at least until the Middle Neolithic. A floodplain setting may have been chosen for the Early Neolithic sites in Trikala (Western Thessaly) and Larisa basins and probably in the southeastern European river plains suggesting floodplain farming and seasonal occupation of the sites12. Nevertheless there is a remarkable lack of prehistoric sites in a large area south of Rachmani to Larisa and from the right bank of the Peneios River to the Chasabali Mountain to the east, which prior to the modern dam was part of the Peneios floodplain and in historic times was occupied probably by the Lake Nessonis13. This setting resembles also the landscape around Lake Karla in the south-eastern end of the Larisa Plain. Settlements may have existed there but were fewer and short-lived due to the unfavourable conditions and are not visible because they were buried under recent alluvium14.

Two other projects just beginning, can be briefly noted here. They comprise the excavation at the Neolithic Mandra 115 on the crossroad between east and west Thessaly (No 5 on the map) and the Neolithic – Bronze Age Magoula Demetra 116 in the eastern part of the Larisa Plain, at the foot of the Ossa mountain (Fig. 6 on the map). In Mandra excavations brought to light, among other things, part of an enceinte wall revealed so far in 45m length and dated at the end of the Late Neolithic (Fig. 7), as well as two at least Late Neolithic long ditches in a concentric arrangement. The ditches were already filled when the wall was constructed. The latter was built of fieldstones and encircled the settlement which was located on the top of a low hill.

e Bronz

ressed new questions for future research.

f Larissa 93

LARISA, GREECE

10 Dr. Floras and Dr. Sgouras ( National Agricultural Research Foundation), personal communication.

11 Demitrack 1986, tab. 5. 12 Van Andel et al. 1995, 140-141. 13 Γαλλής 1992, 28; Caputo et al. 1994, 223. 14 Halstead 1984, 2.6.3. 15 Γαλλής 1992, 145. 16 Γαλλής 1992, 118.

Demetra 1 is one of a few sites in Thessaly with a tumulus-like protuberance on its top which has been taken as a real tumulus of historic times (Fig. 8). However these sites parallel the Bronze Age tells or “toumbes” in Macedonia, the form of which might have been the result of reduction of the settled area17. Excavation at the northern edges of the magoula, revealed so far three apsidal houses of the Middl

e Age.

The preliminary results of the recent Neolithic research in the eastern Thessaly have increased our knowledge of this part of the Neolithic world and more importantly, add

GEORGE TOUFEXIS Archaeological Museum o23 October 66-68,412

17 Grammenos 1996, 43.


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Bibliography: Andreou, S. & K. Kotsakis 1994, “Prehistoric Rural Communities in Perspective: The Langadas Survey Project” in:

Doukelis P.N. & L.G. Mendoni (ed.) 1994, Structures Rurales et Societes Antiques, Actes du colloque de Corfou (14-16 mai 1992), Paris, 17-25.

Andreou, S., M. Fotiades & K. Kotsakis 1996, “Review of Aegean Prehistory V: The Neolithic and Bronze Age of Northern Greece”, AJA 100, 537-597.

Caputo, R., J., P. Bravard & B. Helly 1994, “The Pliocene-Quaternary tecto-sedimentary evolution of the Larissa Plain (Eastern Thessaly, Greece), Geodynamica Acta (Paris), 7,4: 219-231.

Demitrack, A.1986, The Late Quaternary Geologic History of the Larissa Plain, Thessaly, Greece: Tectonic, Climatic and Human Impact on the Landscape. Stanford University, PhD Diss.

Demitrack, A. 1994, “A Dated Stratigraphy for the Late Quaternary in Eastern Thessaly and What it Implies about Landscape Changes” in: La Thessalie, Quinze années de recherches archéologiques 1975-1990, Bilans et Perspectives, Actes du Colloque International , Lyon, 17-22 Avril, Athènes, 37-40.

Γαλλής, K. 1992, ΄Ατλας προϊστορικών οικισμών της ανατολικής Θεσσαλικής πεδιάδας, Λάρισα. Grammenos, D.V. 1996, “Neolithic Settlements in Macedonia and Thrace” in: Papathanassopoulos, G.A. (ed.) 1996,

Neolithic Culture in Greece, Nicholas P. Goulandris Foundation, Museum of Cycladic Art, Athens, 41-45. Halstead, P. 1984, Strategies for Survival: An Ecological Approach to Social and Economic Change in the Early Farming

Communities of Thessaly, N.Greece, University of Cambridge, Diss. Halstead, P. 1994, “The North-South Divide: Regional Paths to Complexity in Prehistoric Greece”, in: Mathers C. & S.

Stoddart (eds) 1994, Development and Decline in the Meditterranean Bronze Age, Sheffield Archaeological Monographs 8, Sheffield, 195-219.

Kotsakis, K. 1994, “The Use of Habitation Space in Neolithic Sesklo”, in: La Thessalie, Quinze années de recherches archéologiques 1975-1990, Bilans et Perspectives, Actes du Colloque International, Lyon 17-22 Avril, Athènes, 125-130.

Μπέσιος, M. & M. Παππά 1998, “О Νεολιθικός οικισμός του Μακρυγιάλου Πιερίας”, AAA XXIII-XXVIIII, (1990-1995), 13-31.

Van Andel, T.H., K. Gallis & G. Toufexis 1995, “Early Neolithic Farming in a Thessalien River Landscape, Greece”, in: Mediterranean Quaternary River Environments, Refereed Proceedings of an International Conference, University of Cambridge/UK/38-29 Septembre 1992, A.A Balkema/Rotterdam/Brookfield, 131-143.

Wace, A.J.B. & M.S. Thompson 1912, Prehistoric Thessaly, Cambridge. List of Illustrations: Map : Distribution of Neolithic sites in the eastern Thessaly (After Gallis 1992).

Sites mentioned in the text: 1- Galene, 2- Chalki 1, 3- Melissochori 3, 4- Rachmani, 5- Mandra 1, 6- Demetra 1. Fig. 1: Early Bronze Age pit near the village Melissochori. Fig. 2: Galene. The southern part of the excavated area. Fig. 3: Galene. The northern part of the excavated area. Fig. 4: Galene. Pits in the southern part of the excavated area. Fig. 5: Magoula Rachmani from West. Fig. 6: Magoula Rachmani. Pits and wells of Final Neolithic. Fig. 7: Mandra 1. Part of the enceinte wall. Fig. 8: Magoula Demetra 1 from East.

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Addendum: Since the submission of this manuscript to the publisher, the following reports relevant to some of the sites mentioned in the text appeared:

Τουφεξής, Γ., Σ.Καραπάνου & Μ. Μαγκαφά† 2000 , Ανασκαφική έρευνα στη μαγούλα Ραχμάνι.Πρώτα συμπεράσματα in:

Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού-ΙΓ΄ Ε.Π.Κ.Α., «Το ΄Εργο των Εφορειών Αρχαιοτήτων και Νεωτέρων Μνημείων του ΥΠ.ΠΟ. στη Θεσσαλία και στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της» (1990-1998) ,1η Επιστημονική Συνάντηση, Βόλος, Μάϊος 1998, Βόλος, 105-114.

Φλωράς, Σ., Ι. Σγούρας & Γ. Τουφεξής 2000, Ορυκτολογικές και χημικές ιδιότητες επιχώσεων της μαγούλας Ραχμάνι. Μια πρώτη προσέγγιση in: Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού-ΙΓ΄ Ε.Π.Κ.Α., «Το ΄Εργο των Εφορειών Αρχαιοτήτων και Νεωτέρων Μνημείων του ΥΠ.ΠΟ. στη Θεσσαλία και στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της» (1990-1998) ,1η Επιστημονική Συνάντηση, Βόλος, Μάϊος 1998, Βόλος, 115-123.

Τουφεξής, Γ. 2001, Μαγούλα Μελισσοχώρι 3, ΑΔ 51 (1996): Χρονικά Β΄1, 370-371. Τουφεξής, Γ. 2003, Μαγούλα Χάλκη 1 (Μαγούλα Υδατόπυργου), Μαγούλα Δήμητρα Αγιάς, Μελισσοχώρι, Μαγούλα

Ραχμάνι , ΑΔ 52 (1997): Χρονικά Β΄2, 501-510.


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the aegean in the neolithic, chalcolithic and the early bronze...

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