the 2010 highway capacity manual richard dowling 1

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The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

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Page 1: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

The2010 Highway Capacity Manual

Richard Dowling

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Page 2: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

The Highway Capacity Manual

4 Editions & 1 Update from 1950 to 2000

HCM 2000 24,500 copies distributed (14% metric) Another 500 copies for the 2011 PE Exam

Most fervent readers: Students and software developers

Everybody using traffic analysis software uses HCM

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Page 3: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Major Changes for 2010

Guidance on Integrating Microsimulation and HCM

Multimodal (Complete Streets) LOS Analysis

Software

Active Traffic Management

Partially Electronic Format

New HCM 2010 Support Website

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Page 4: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Presentation Outline

Content, Format, Schedule, Software

Technical Innovations Uninterrupted flow facilities (freeways, rural

highways) Interrupted flow facilities (urban streets,

signals)

Alternative Methods (microsimulation)

Active Traffic Management

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Page 5: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

- It won’t come entirely in printed form- One part will come entirely in electronic form- Software: source code available to all- A website for extra materials

Format and Content5

Page 6: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Organization of Manual

Volume 1 – Concepts

Volume 2 – Uninterrupted Flow Facilities Freeways, rural highways, rural roads

Volume 3 – Interrupted Flow Facilities Urban arterials, intersections, roundabouts Signals at freeway interchanges, Bicycle and Pedestrian paths

Volume 4 – Supplemental Materials

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Page 7: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Vol.1 – Concepts of Capacity

Target Audience: Managers, Students Nine chapters that cover…..

Concepts Traffic flow, capacity, quality of service Modal characteristics

Capacity Analysis Applications How to apply the HCM How and when to use microsimulation Interpretation and presentation of results

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Page 8: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Vol. 2 – Uninterrupted Flow Facilities Target Audience: technical people

Six chapters on: Freeways and their component sections

Basic sections, ramp merge/diverge, weaving Multi-lane rural highways Two-lane rural roads

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Page 9: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Vol. 3 Interrupted Flow Facilities

Target Audience: Technical and professional people

Eight chapters on: Urban arterials Signalized intersections Unsignalized intersections Roundabouts Signals at freeway interchanges Bike and pedestrian paths

Multimodal Level of Service

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Page 10: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Vol. 4 – Supplemental Materials Target Audience: Engineers and

programmers

12 chapters, all electronic, on the web More detailed descriptions of methods Worked example problems

Annotated software source code

Technical reference library

HCM Application Guide

New: Active Traffic Management

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Page 11: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Software

Software Source code available to all Illustrates how to program the methods Can be used to verify commercial software

Will not compete with commercial software Will have very limited user interface Will work only for simple and limited

example problems

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Page 12: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Website12

Page 13: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Publication Schedule

In TRB Production

Publication December 2010

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Page 14: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Uninterrupted Flow FacilitiesInterrupted Flow Facilities

Technical Innovations14

Page 15: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Technical Innovations• New speed-flow equations• New freeway analysis software• New weaving method• Service volume tables

Uninterrupted Flow Facilities

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Page 16: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Freeway Speed-Flow Curves16

Free-Flow Speed No longer function of number of lanes Ramp density substituted for interchange

density

New curve for 75 mph free-flow speed

Speed does not drop until 1200 vph/ln reached

Page 17: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

17 Source: Draft HCM 2010 Materials, Kittelson & Associates

Page 18: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Weaving Sections18

Changes to Current Method New weaving section types New method for estimating speed Weaving length dependent on demands. New method for estimating capacity

LB

LSLB

LS

Page 19: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Freeway Facility Analysis19

Modifications to reflect changes in other chapters

New software implementation (FREEVAL)

Updated capacity information for: Work Zones Weather (rain, snow, wind, visibility) Incidents

Page 20: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Analysis Over Time & Space20

       D/C SS 1 SS 2 SS 3 SS 4 SS 5 SS 616:00 0.68 0.75 0.72 0.72 0.80 0.7316:30 0.75 0.85 0.82 0.82 0.93 0.8217:00 0.87 0.97 0.90 0.90 1.03 0.9317:30 0.82 0.90 0.85 0.85 0.98 0.8518:00 0.73 0.78 0.73 0.73 0.80 0.7018:30 0.58 0.62 0.58 0.58 0.62 0.60MPH            16:00 63 62 63 63 61 6216:30 62 60 61 61 58 6117:00 60 57 59 29 41 5817:30 61 59 19 15 35 6018:00 62 62 62 27 48 6318:30 64 64 64 64 64 64

Page 21: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

FREEVAL Outputs (Speed)21

1

3

50.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Time Interval

Spee

d (m

i/hr

)

Segment Number

Space Mean Speed Contours (mi/hr)

50.00-60.00

40.00-50.00

30.00-40.00

20.00-30.00

10.00-20.00

0.00-10.00

Page 22: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Service Volume Tables

Rural Freeway ADT’s (1000’s)

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Page 23: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Multi-lane Highways

Bicycle LOS analysis added

Service volume tables

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Page 24: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Two Lane Highways

Two-way analysis methodology dropped.

Some revisions to curves and tables.

New road class added for built-up areas. LOS based on % free-flow speed (FDOT)

Bicycle LOS on two-lane highways.

Service volume tables

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Page 25: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Technical Innovations:• New multimodal level of service method• New methods for arterials and signals• New method for signals in an interchange• New method for roundabouts

Interrupted Flow Facilities25

Page 26: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Multimodal Level of Service

Simultaneous analysis of LOS for auto drivers, bus riders, bicyclists, pedestrians.

A method for allocating scarce street right-of-way to the various modal users of the street.

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Page 27: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Sharing the Street – Complete Streets

27

10’ 12’5’ 5’8’5’ 5’8’

70 ft ROW

12’

Mode Before After

Auto C D

Bus B C

Bicycle F D

Pedestrian E E

Before

After

Page 28: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Urban Street Analysis

Predicts Stops (New), Speed, Queues

Models signal coordination force offs, yields

Mixed street: signal, stops, roundabout

Sensitive to access management driveways, median breaks

Service Volume Table

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Page 29: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Urban Street Service Volumes

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Page 30: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Signalized Intersection Updates Incremental queue analysis (IQA)

Traffic actuated signals Min. green, passage time, recall, dual entry,

Dallas phasing, simultaneous gap out, detector length.

Left turn queue overflow check (New)

Volume/capacity ratio check (New)

Level of service for bicycles and pedestrians (New)

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Page 31: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Incremental Queue Analysis31

Que

ued

Veh

icle

s

Time

Delay polygon for shared left-through lane with permitted lefts

Old

New

Page 32: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Left Turn Overflow Check (New)

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If left turn overflow occurs, review results

Page 33: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Volume/Capacity Ratio Check

if: v/c > 1.00

Then the signalized intersection LOS is “F”

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Page 34: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Two-Way Stop Updates

Extended to 6-lane arterials.

U-turns

Analysis of shared lanes, short lanes

Pedestrian crossings analysis

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Page 35: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

All Way Stop Updates

Queuing model added

Explicit guidance for 6-lane streets

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Page 36: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Roundabouts Update

New methodology based on US Research NCHRP Report 572

U.S. Capacities lower than rest of world

LOS based on delay Same thresholds as for unsignalized

intersections Roundabouts held to higher standard than

signals

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Page 37: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Roundabout Capacity37

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000

Conflicting Flow Rate (pc/ h)

Capaci

ty (

pc/

h)

Dashed regression extrapolated beyond the data

Capacity of one-lane entry or right lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of left lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of one-lane or either lane of two-lane entry against one conflicting lane

Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Page 38: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000

Conflicting Flow Rate (pc/ h)

Capaci

ty (

pc/

h)

Dashed regression extrapolated beyond the data

Capacity of one-lane entry or right lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of left lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of one-lane or either lane of two-lane entry against one conflicting lane

Capacity: 1 lane

Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Page 39: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000

Conflicting Flow Rate (pc/ h)

Capaci

ty (

pc/

h)

Dashed regression extrapolated beyond the data

Capacity of one-lane entry or right lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of left lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of one-lane or either lane of two-lane entry against one conflicting lane

Capacity: 2x1 lane

Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Page 40: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000

Conflicting Flow Rate (pc/ h)

Capaci

ty (

pc/

h)

Dashed regression extrapolated beyond the data

Capacity of one-lane entry or right lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of left lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of one-lane or either lane of two-lane entry against one conflicting lane

Capacity: 1x2 lane

Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Page 41: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000

Conflicting Flow Rate (pc/ h)

Capaci

ty (

pc/

h)

Dashed regression extrapolated beyond the data

Capacity of one-lane entry or right lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of left lane of two-lane entry against two conflicting lanes

Capacity of one-lane or either lane of two-lane entry against one conflicting lane

Capacity: 2x2 lane

Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Page 42: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Interchange Ramp Terminals

Analysis of Diamonds, Par-clos, Roundabouts

Methodology for choosing interchange types

Lost capacity due to: Queue spillbacks Uneven lane utilization Demand starvation

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Page 43: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

When and how to apply microsimulation.Comparing microsimulation results to HCM results

Alternative Methods43

Page 44: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Chapter 6: HCM and Alternative Tools Planning Methods Based on the HCM

Alternative Methods (Microsimulation) Traffic modeling concepts Application guide Framework to apply HCM + microsimulation Comparison of performance measures Selection of traffic models

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Page 45: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Chapter 7 Interpreting Results

Uncertainty and Variability Concepts, Sources, Sensitivity Analysis Uncertainty and Sensitivity of HCM results

Comparing HCM and Microsimulation Results Framework for comparing HCM/microsim

results Specific guidance provided in facility

specific chapters

Presentation of HCM/Microsimulation Results Significant digits for reporting

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Page 46: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Microsimulation vs HCM Delay

46

Time

AccumulatedVehicles

Arriva

ls

Departures

AnalysisPeriod

QueueDissipation

Time

HCMDelay

Microsimulation

Delay

Page 47: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

New chapter on the continuous real time monitoring and management of both demand and capacity

Active Traffic Management47

Page 48: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Active Traffic Management

ATM is a comprehensive approach to optimizing the operational performance of the roadway system through monitoring and control of systems operations and demands.

Examples Demand Metering, Congestion Pricing,

Managed Lanes, Adaptive Control, Speed Harmonization, Traveler Information Systems, Incident Management, Work Zone Management

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Page 49: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Active Traffic Management

Provides basic information on active traffic management measures

Provides references from the literature

Describes applicability of HCM or microsimulation methods to evaluation

New methodology coming in one year

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Page 50: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Conclusion – The New HCM

New tools for multimodal planning

Guidance on the use of microsimulation

New methods for freeways and streets

Service volume tables for planning applications

New material to aid software programmers

Information on Active Traffic Management

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Page 51: The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling 1

Questions/Comments

Richard Dowling Dowling Associates, Oakland, CA 510-839-1742 ext 120 [email protected]

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