THANK YOU TO OUR 2016 ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION SUMMIT SPONSORS:

AMATSALASKA COMMUNITY FOUNDATION

LUNCH SPONSOR: BETTISWORTH NORTH

CONTRIBUTING SPONSORS:

Anchorage Citizens CoalitionAnchorage Economic Development Corporation

Bike AnchorageBrooks and Associates

Corvus DesignCRW Engineering

Kinney EngineeringR&M Consultants

www.markfenton.com

Building a Healthy

Community by Design

Mark Fenton

Tufts University

Anchorage, AK

Oct 2016

What is wrong with

these people?

www.markfenton.com

Prosperity

PeoplePlanet

www.markfenton.com

The flow:

• Some perspective

• The stickiness problem

• Healthy design

• Market perspective

• If I were in charge . . .

–Engagement

– In-fill

–Pilots & trials

–Lighter quicker cheaper

–POLICIES!

www.markfenton.com

Youthful

recollections

www.markfenton.com

0

10

20

30

40

50

1969 2001

% o

f stu

den

ts a

ge

5-1

8

Car

Bus

W/B

Changes in Walking & Cycling to School,

1969 to 2001Ham et.al., Jour. of Physical Activity & Health, 2008, 5, 205-215

W/B = Walk/Bike

www.markfenton.com

CDC, National Center for Health Statistics. National Health Examination Surveys

www.rwjf.org/files/publications/annual/2008/year-in-review/

Trends in

Childhood

Obesity &

Overweight

www.markfenton.com

The real

risk . . .

30-Nov-2009

Lenore Skenazy

freerangekids.com

www.markfenton.com

On 48th, near Northwood Elementary,

4:30 pm Tuesday

www.markfenton.com

The bad news in just three numbers:

30 minutes of daily physical activity

recommended (60 min. for youth).

% of Americans actually meet these

recommendations (thru LTPA).

,000 estimated annual deaths in

America due to physical inactivity &

poor nutrition. (2nd only to tobacco.)

20

365

<

www.markfenton.com

60

120

180

240

0 6 12 18

months

Exerc

ise (

min

/week)

LB

SB

SBT

Exercise ParticipationEffect of Short Bouts, Home TreadmillsJakicic et.al., J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 282, 16

www.markfenton.com

Site Design

Safety &

Access

NetworkLand Use

How? Four elements:

www.markfenton.com

Compact neighborhoods

1. Land use. Live, work, shop, play, learn, pray.

& shared open space.

E.g. schools, post

office, library, stores

Housing

above,

retail

below.

www.markfenton.com

2. Network, connections:

• Sidewalks, bike lanes, complete streets.

• Greenways, trails.

• Affordable, frequent, accessible transit.

Chester

Creek Tr.

People

Mover

www.markfenton.com

Likelihood of Bicycling

No way, no how

Interested, but concerned

Strong & confident

Potential Cyclists (conceptual)

Portion of potential

users~33%

~60%

~7%

www.markfenton.com

Bicycle

network

tools:

Protected bike lane

Sharrow

Bike lane

American River Tr.

www.markfenton.com

March 2010 AO2010-08

An element of the MOA Nonmotorized Transportation Plan

Anchorage Bicycle Plan Bicycles as a Mode of Transportation

Anchorage Metropolitan Area Transportation Solutions Traffic Department - Municipality of Anchorage

Begich

MiddleSchoolRussian Jack

ElementarySchool

WhaleySchoolWest

High

School

SAVEHigh

School

EastHigh School

DimondHigh

School

King Career Center

MearsMiddle School

RomigMiddle School

PolarisK-12

School

ClarkMiddle

School

Northern LightsABC

BartlettHigh School

CentralMiddle School

WendlerMiddle School

HanshewMiddle School

TakuElementary

School

FamilyPartnership

Orion Elementary School

ChugachOptional School

TudorElementary

School

AquarianCharter

School

KlattElementary

School

GoldenviewMiddle School

AuroraElementary School

BowmanElementary

School

KasuunElementary

School

DenaliElementary School

BaxterElementary

School

StellerSecondary School

KincaidElementary School

ChinookElementary

School

MuldoonElementary

School

SusitnaElementary

School

Alaska Pacific University

HuffmanElementary

School

FairviewElementary

School

CampbellElementary School

WilliwawElementary

School

BayshoreElementary School

O’MalleyElementary School

Mt. Spurr Elementary School

Sand LakeElementary

School

Lake OtisElementary

TrailsideElementary

School

McLaughlinSecondary School

Lake HoodElementary

School

TurnagainElementary

School

PtarmiganElementary

School

South AnchorageHigh School

NorthwoodElementary

School

Mt IliamnaElementary School

Inlet ViewElementary

School

Ocean ViewElementary

School

North StarElementary

School

Gladys WoodElementary

School

Scenic ParkElementary

School

Abbott LoopElementary

School

Rogers ParkElementary School

Spring HillElementary School

Wonder ParkElementary

School

Benny BensonSecondary School

Bear ValleyElementary School

Rabbit CreekElementary School

College GateElementary School

Willow CrestElementary

School

University ofAlaska Anchorage

William TysonElementary

School

Mountain ViewElementary School

Nunaka ValleyElementary

School

Chester ValleyElementary

School

Creekside ParkElementary School

Government HillElementary School

Airport HeightElementary School

ServiceHigh School

S

ew

ard

Hig

hw

ay

O’Malley Road

Min

ne

so

ta D

rive

Tudor Road

Abbott Road

Glenn Highway

E

lmo

re R

oad

Bo

nifa

ce

Pkw

y

Dimond Blvd

Rabbit Creek Road

Raspberry Road

P

ostm

ark

Driv

e

H

illsid

e D

rive

S

and

La

ke

Ro

ad

Dimond Blvd

Old

Sew

ard

Hig

hw

ay

M

uld

oo

n R

oa

d

Northern Lights Blvd

C S

tre

et

La

ke

Otis P

ark

wa

y

Debarr Rd

Arc

tic

Blv

d

Klatt Road

Huffman Road

De Armoun Road

Spenard R

oad

Bir

ch

Ro

ad

Lore Road

Je

we

l L

ake

Ro

ad

Baxte

r R

oa

d

Old

Se

wa

rd H

wy

Bra

ga

w S

tre

et

Go

lde

n V

iew

Dri

ve

Mountain ViewDrive

Dowling Road

Kincaid Road

Jo

hn

s R

oa

d

Clark’s Road

Potter Heights Drive

Kincaid Park

Far North /Bicentennial Park

Tu r n a g a i n A r m

Knik

A

r m

Elmendorf Air Force Base

0 2.5 51.25Miles

Proposed Bicycle Network

March 2010 - AO2010-08

Anchorage Bowl

Figure 13.

On Street Facilities

Proposed Bicycle Lane

Trails in Far North Bicentennial Parkwill be unpaved per the

Master Trails Plan.

Facility eligible to be signed and striped

Shared Use Roadway

Bicycle Lane

Paved Shoulder Bikeway

Note: The bicycle lane is the preferred facility. Use of bicycle lanes is contingent on identifying a plan for funding and maintenance.

Proposed Paved Shoulder Bikeway

Proposed Bicycle Boulevard

Off Street Facilities

Existing Separated Multi-Use Pathway

Proposed Separated Multi-Use Pathway

B

G

E

D

B

A

F

C

Conceptual Highway to Highway Corridor(to be Proposed Separated Multi-Use Pathway)

Alaska Railroad

Special Study Areas

Government Hill

Lake Otis Parkway

Midtown

Muldoon Road

Dowling Roundabouts

Ingra/Gambell

Dimond & Victor

BA

E

CD

FG

www.markfenton.com

3. Site

design:

Market Po

Which setting is

more appealing &

functional for

travel on foot and

by bike?

www.markfenton.com

Site

design

• Buildings at the sidewalk; parking on street or behind.

• Trees, benches, lighting, awnings, bike parking. >

• “Human” scale, open space, plants, art, materials.

Portland, OR

Anchorage

www.markfenton.com

Possible incentives:

• Decrease, share parking (include bike requirement).

• Build-to, not set-back lines.

• Mixed-use, 2nd-story residential.

• Expedite permits.

Appleton WI

Neenah WI

Elected & appointed officials must be supported if they are to act courageously!

www.markfenton.com

4. Safety & access. • Engineering can markedly

improve safety.

• Increasing pedestrian and bike

trips decreases overall

accident & fatality rates.

Curb extensions

Median

islands

Roundabouts

www.markfenton.com

E.g. Lane re-alignments

• 5 or 4 reduced to 3

• Reduces collisions &

severity; better for all

four modes.

Urbana, IL; before & after.

www.markfenton.com

Arctic Blvd.Fireweed Lane

Spenard Road Protected bike lane

www.markfenton.com

walkscore = 77

*www.ceosforcities.org/work/walkingthewalk

www.walkscore.com

Economics? Walking the Walk: How Walkability

Raises Housing Values in U.S. Cities

walkscore = 33 Malibuwalkscore = 88

www.markfenton.comrealtor.org Nat’l Assoc. of Homebuilders

www.markfenton.comBikeWalkAlliance.orgnyc.gov/html/dot/downloads

www.markfenton.com

Private sector: Developers, lenders, realtors, builders.

Erie Canal Towpath Trail

Blackstone Bike Path

www.markfenton.com

Houghton MI

www.markfenton.com

Minneapolis

www.markfenton.com

The economic pull of “healthy” designs:

1. Market

demand

2. Market

performance

3. Developer interest4. Quantifiable

health benefits!

www.markfenton.com

These are on your web sites . . .

www.markfenton.com

Not these. . .

www.markfenton.com

• Listening,

focus groups

• Surveys

• Photo-voice

• Audits

• Charrettes

1. More active community engagement:

www.markfenton.com

www.markfenton.com

2. Support

mixed-use

redevelopment!

Less of this . . .

More of this!

Naperville IL

Terre Haute IN

www.markfenton.comNorthern Lights

• In town housing

• In-fill surface

parking

• More ped, bike &

transit access

• A few great blocks

www.markfenton.com

Barcelona

www.markfenton.com

Between I & L; 6th & 9th

www.markfenton.com

K & 7th

K & 8th

www.markfenton.com

www.markfenton.com

Livingston MT (farmer’s market)

Valet bike parking

3. Trials, pilots & specials events (mini-circle, curb ext.).

www.markfenton.com

“Food Park” McAllen TXFestival area - Salt Lake City UT

www.markfenton.com

AKRON BETTER BLOCK | 71AKRON BETTER BLOCK | 70

-Identify space for plaza & obtain permission

from property owner

-Measure dimensions of space. Note solar

orientation, shade, topography, water & electrical

-Design space - include opportunity for seat ing,

art and vendors

(120) Straw Bales (36”x18“x14”h)

(10) 10x20’ Vinyl Billboards

(2) 180’x48” Burlap

(1) Box Landscape fabric staples

(6 Yards) Mulch

Approximate Price: $1200 not including labor, mulch and vinyl donated, plants loaned. Straw bales can be rented from some feedstores.

Some vendors will also include drop of f and pickup. Vinyl can be obtained from sign shops l ike Clear Channel Communications for l it t le

or no fee. Mulch can usually be donated from local tree companies. Plants can be loaned from local nurseries. Straw bales usually cost

around $4 to $8 a bale, not including delivery.

mar k l ayo ut 2 people Use string line and spray chalk to mark planned layout

pl ace bal es 4-12 people Place bales along markings

f i l l 4-12 people Move mulch into garden areas

w r ap bal es 4-8 people

Cut vinyl into 5’ x 20’ strips. Tuck vinyl around bales to keep

them dry. Place burlap over vinyl . Secure burlap in place

with landscape staples.

pl an t s 4-12 people Place plants in mulch.

BetterBlock.org

www.markfenton.com

Whitefish MT

E.g. temporary protected bike lane. (Walk to school week.)

www.markfenton.com

4. Try some low cost,

reversible installations.

E.g. Improve streetscapes

Parklet

(Montpelier)

Street furnishings

(Tinley Park)

WalkYourCity.org

www.markfenton.com

Paint & flexible bollards

LQC - Lighter, quicker,

cheaper approaches

Curb stops & planters

Planter, paint

www.markfenton.com

2008 Billings MT2016

www.markfenton.com

5a. Policy priorities = Complete Streets.

www.completestreets.orgBarnstable

www.markfenton.com

National Association of City

Transportation Officials nacto.org

www.markfenton.com40RETHINKING STREETS

KEY OUTCOMES

RIGHT OF WAY

STREET CLASSIFICATION

LENGTH

AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC

PROCESS

SPEED

BEFORE AFTER

SPEED

LIMIT

SPEED

LIMIT

AFTER

BEFORE

132’

53,000

5.5 miles

New Development

Af er E. Washington Avenue received its facelif , new

development began to emerge in an area with little

momentum before. A $39 million mixed-use building

with 32,500 square feet of commercial space and 220

apartments opened in August of 2013.

More Amenities for Pedestrians

Enhanced crosswalks, wider resting places in the

median, countdown timers and bump outs at

intersections all serve to improve the experience of

walking along E. Washington Avenue.

New Connections for Bicycles

The City of Madison t ook the opportunity to improve

its bicycle network on the street and throughout

the corridor. Bike paths run along the Yahara River

and under E. Washington Avenue’s new bridge.

Additionally, there is a new bike and pedestrian

overpass crossing the avenue at Starkweather Creek.

5 years planning

6 years construction

Major Arterial

3535

Arterial Rehab

AFTERBEFORE

53,000

8’15’varies

13’ 11’ 11’ 11’11’10’ 10’5’ 5’5’varies

13’

9.7’20’10’ 10’ 11’ 11’10’ 10’ 10’ 10’5.3’ 5.3’5.7’

www.rethinkingstreets.com

E.g. Madison WI

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Rapid City SD

Traverse City

Minneapolis

Bemidji MN

Houghton MI

Snow clearing, maintenance

www.markfenton.com

Require multi-modal transportation analysis

(not just traffic impact) for all development.

Typical: Turn lanes, signal light, lots of parking.

5b. Support MMTA vs TIA

www.markfenton.com

• Ped: Sidewalk links,

building up front.

• Bike: Lanes, parking;

employee bike share.

• Transit: Shelter, walkway,

street crossing.

www.markfenton.com

New paradigm . . .

Level of Service ^

Average Daily Traffic

LOS

ADT

Performance measures:

• Vehicle miles traveled.

• Mode split: % pedestrian,

bike, & transit trips.

• Fewer collisions (Vision

Zero)

www.markfenton.com

E.g. Nashville

Identifying areas of high need• High obesity, diabetes

• Low income, education

• Low car ownership

TIP scoring• 60% to ped,

bike, transit

• Next 80%!

www.markfenton.com

5c. Update

zoning, parking

www.markfenton.com

Affordable component

www.markfenton.com

The two questions

that are NOT the

real problem:

• Technical. How do we do it? What are best practices?

• Financial. How do we pay for it? Where’s the money? Paint &

bike rack

www.markfenton.com

American River Trail

Sacramento CA

“But I’d never ride or

walk there . . .”

Scituate MA

Coastal Trail

www.markfenton.com

“You don’t have to . . . ”

www.markfenton.com

Olshansky et.al., “A

Potential Decline in

Life Expectancy . . .”

New Eng. J. of Med.,

March 17, 2005