tf_template_word_windows_2003 - amazon s3 web vieworiginal research article. palynological studies...

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Palynological studies of melliferous and allergenic flora of Pakistan: A key to pollen and spore identification

Mehwish Jamil Noora,b*, Mushtaq Ahmadb, Muhammad Zafarb and Muhammad Aqeel Ashrafc

aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. bDepartment of Plant Sciences, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. cDepartment of Geology, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia.

Online supplementary material.

Table S1. Taxonomic description of allergenic and melliferous pollen

1. Family Acanthaceae

Genus JusticiaSpecies IndentPollen Type Monad, Symmetrical, heterocolpatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Prolate to subprolateSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 37.7 µm ±3.5

Equatorial View 28 µm ±2.82P/E 1.34Aperture Polar View 2

Equatorial View 3Exine µm (X±S.D) 1.5-2.5(2±0.70)Sculpturing Sexine reticulate. Colpi lophate. Margocolpi present. Colpi is

heterogenous. Pori in middle of the trema area which is studded with circular ‘insulae’ (areolae).

2. Family Acanthaceae Type

Genus IndentSpecies IndentPollen Type Monad, Symmetrical, ColporatePollen Morphology

Magnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape ProlateSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 37.7 µm ±3.53

Equatorial View NAP/EAperture Polar View 6

Equatorial View NAExine µm (X±S.D) 2Sculpturing Sexine reticulate. Margocolpi present. Colpus

lolongate. Colpi membrane is granulated. Pori in middle of the trema area which is studded with circular ‘insulae’ (areolae).

3. Family Acanthaceae Type

Genus Indent Species IndentPollen Type Monad, Symmetrical, ColporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape ProlateSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 16.8 µm ±4.24

Equatorial View NAAperture Polar View 2

Equatorial ViewExine µm (X±S.D) 2Sculpturing Sexine reticulate. Margocolpi present. Colpus

lolongate.

4. Family Apocynaceae

Genus Carissa Species OpacaLocation IslamabadPollen Type Monad, Symmetrical, ColporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShapeSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 28.5 µm ±0

Equatorial View 28.5 µm ±0P/E 1Aperture Polar View 3

Equatorial View 1Exine µm (X±S.D) <2.5µmSculpturing Perforate, Colpi extend till middle. Pori

protruding out of sexine and without perforation. Pori less than 1 µm.

3. Family Chenopodiaceae

Genus Chenopodium Type

Species Indent

Pollen Type Pariporate

Pollen Morphology

Magnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100X

Shape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View Spheriodal

Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 21.8µm±1.75

Equatorial View 19.8 µm±4.07

P/E 1.10

Aperture Polar View Numerous

Equatorial View Numerous

Exine µm (X±S.D) <2.5µm

Sculpturing Tectum punctate. meso poria flat with

numerous, evenly spread micro spinules.

Ektexinous bodies >15, more than 2.5 µm in

diameter. distinctly separated from each

other, deeper seated and sharply set off

against the tectum.

Family Amaranthaceae

Genus Amaranthus

Species Sp.Pollen Type Amaranthus Type (Periporate Pollen)Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View Spheriodal/Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 16.5±1.5µm

Equatorial View 16.5±1.5µmP/E 1Aperture Polar View Numerous regularly

spaced.Equatorial View Numerous regularly

spaced.Exine µm (X±S.D) >2.5 µmSculpturing Tectate, Pore membrane spinulate or

granulate (microspines), Mesoporia flat with spinules, evenly spread spheriodal, Ektexinoous body deeper seated, microspinulated and sharply set off against the tectum. Mesoporium present. In light microscope pollen exine appear smooth.

Family Caryophyllaceae

Genus IndentSpecies IndentPollen Type Periporate PollenPollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 28µm

Equatorial View 28µmP/E 1Aperture Polar View Numerous, spread

regularlyEquatorial View Numerous, spread

regularlyExine µm (X±S.D) 2-2.5µmSculpturing Tectate. Meso poria flat with spinules and

pori. Ektexinous bodies >14 with "stellate pore ornamentation" deeply seated in sexine. Distinctly separated from each other, evenly spread spheriodal, pores nanomicron in diameter.

Family Plantaginaceae Type

Genus PlantagoSpecies IndentPollen Type Pariporate PollenPollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 19 µm

Equatorial View 21.50µmP/E 0.90Aperture Polar View Numerous regularly

spaced,Equatorial View Numerous regularly

spaced,Exine µm (X±S.D) <2.5µmSculpturing Tectum tectate, Pantoporate, evenly

distributed spines, sexine Spinulate. Meso poria unduate with spinules. Ektexinous bodies deeply seated in sexine, bordered by ring like structure separated by narrow groove. Each ektexine body is toothed.

Family Amaranthaceae Type

Genus ArtherneraSpecies IndentPollen Type Pariporate PollenPollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 17.33µm

Equatorial View 17.25 µmP/E 1Aperture Polar View Numerous regularly

spacedEquatorial View Numerous regularly

spacedExine µm (X±S.D) <2.5µmSculpturing Tectum spinulated, Ektexinous bodies are

more than 14. Arthernea type pollen

Family Caryophyllaceae Type

Genus IndentSpecies Indent

Pollen Type Pariporate PollenPollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal


Equatorial View 25.5µmP/E 0.88Aperture Polar View Numerous regularly

spacedEquatorial View Numerous regularly

spacedExine µm (X±S.D) <2.5µmSculpturing Tectum tectate and punctate, sexine

Spinulate. Meso poria flat. Ektexinous bodies are more than 7 stellate shaped. Pore membrane psilate.

Family Apiaceae

Genus CoriandrumSpecies IndentPollen Type Prolate.Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Hexacolporate

Equatorial ViewSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 30.4±1.4µm

Equatorial View 12.75±0.16µmP/E 2.36Aperture Polar View 2Exine µm (X±S.D) 1.5-1.7 (1.6±0.14) µmSculpturing Striate-reticulate sculpturing. Striation run

between 3-7 µm arranged in crisscross pattern. Colpi protruding out.

Family Apiaceae

Genus ApiaceaeSpecies IndentPollen Type Prolate.Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Hexacolporate

Equatorial ViewSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 20µm

Equatorial View NAP/E

Aperture Polar View 6Exine µm (X±S.D) 3µmSculpturing Striate-reticulate sculpturing.

Family Liliaceae

Genus IrisSpecies Sp.Pollen Type ProlatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Prolate

Equatorial View NA.Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 90µm

Equatorial ViewP/E -Aperture Polar View 2

Equatorial ViewExine µm (X±S.D) 2.5 µmSculpturing Reticulate.

Family Asteraceae (Plate 12)

Genus ArtemesiaSpecies Sp.Pollen Type Prolate-spheriodalPollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Tricolpate

Equatorial View Prolate SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 22.3±2.05µm

Equatorial View 20.6±2.68µmP/E 1.08Aperture Polar View 3

Equatorial View 2-1Exine µm (X±S.D)

2.7-3.8-7µm (3µm)Sculpturing Sexine microechinate and granulate.

Family Asteraceae

Genus TaraxicumSpecies Sp.Pollen Type Fenestrate/EchinolophatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100X

Shape Polar View FenestrateEquatorial View Oval

Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 28.6±0.99Equatorial View 31±0.8

P/E 0.922Aperture Polar View Hexacolporate

Equatorial View HexacolporateExine µm (X±S.D) 5 µm (Echine width =1.03-1.47µm and length =

2.01-2.47 µmSculpturing Pollen is lophate having echines on outer ridges.

Lophae are perforated with numerous pores. Lacunae also appear slightly perforated. Spines are conical, sharp broad based with joined basis connected to each other.

Family Asteraceae

Genus SilibumSpecies Sp.Pollen Type EchinatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Tricolporate/Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 50µm±0

Equatorial View 45µm±0P/E 1.1Aperture Polar View Three

Equatorial View 1Exine µm (X±S.D) 5µmSculpturing Echinate

Family Asteraceae

Genus CalendulaSpecies Sp.Pollen Type EchinatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Tricolporate/Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 37.5 µm ±3.53

Equatorial View 34.5 µm ±0.5P/E 1.08Aperture Polar View Three

Equatorial View ------Exine µm (X±S.D) Exine up to 7.5 µmSculpturing Sexine micro perforated.

Family Asteraceae

Genus PartheniumSpecies sp.Pollen Type Echinate, TricolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheri odal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 17.1 µm ±0.23

Equatorial View 17 µm ±0.00P/E 1Aperture Polar View 3

Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D) 1.87±0.77Sculpturing Echinate. Echines with conical base

perforated at bottom.

Family Asteraceae

Genus TricholepisSpecies sp.Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 2.87

Equatorial View NAP/E 0Aperture Polar View

Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D)Sculpturing Tectum Striato-rugulate

Family Myrtaceae

Genus IndentSpecies IndentPollen Type Tricolporate. SyncolpatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Angular

Equatorial View ProlateSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 17.5µm

Equatorial View 17.5 µmP/E 1

Aperture Polar View 3Equatorial View 1

Exine µm (X±S.D) 2.1Sculpturing Exine is tectae. Colpi Syncolpate. This

ornamentation continues throughout meso and apocolpium. Amb is straight

Family Myrtaceae Type

Genus IndentSpecies IndentPollen Type TricolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Angular

Equatorial View ProlateSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 21µm±0

Equatorial View 20 µm±0P/E 1Aperture Polar View 3

Equatorial View 1Exine µm (X±S.D) <2.5 µmSculpturing Exine Tectate. Rugulate, syndemicolpate.

Distinct colpi failed to reach endopore. Amb is concave.

Family

Genus EucalyptusSpecies IndentPollen Type TricolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Angular

Equatorial View NASize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 22.5µm


Equatorial View NAExine µm (X±S.D) 2.5Sculpturing Exine tectate rugulate. Margo Thickened

around edges however in the center colpi and margo are merged. Amb straight.

Family Myrtaceae

Genus EucalyptusSpecies Sp.

Pollen Type TricolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Angular

Equatorial View NASize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 14.5µm


Equatorial View NAExine µm (X±S.D) NASculpturing Exine Tectate. Scabrate/ verrucate. Margo

thick at edges. Apocolpial island present. and closely fitting.

Family Pinaceae

Genus PinusSpecies Sp.Pollen Type BisaccatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View bisaccate

Equatorial ViewSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 43µ±0

Equatorial View 50 µ±0P/E 0.86Aperture Polar View 0

Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D)Sculpturing Bisaccate pollen with alveolate structure with

granular exine. Cappa is rugulate. Laptoma and sacci are also rugulate.

Family Rutaceae

Genus CitrusSpecies Sp.Pollen Type TetracolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View Oblate SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 23.49±2.12

Equatorial View 24.4±4.12P/E 1.1Aperture Polar View 4

Equatorial View 0,1,2Exine µm (X±S.D) 2.9

Sculpturing Pollen exine is macroreticulate Margo thickened around edges. Exine section in colpi is scabrate.

Family Fabaceae

Genus IndentSpecies IndentLocation ChakwalPollen Type TricolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Subprolate

Equatorial View ProlateSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 24µm

Equatorial View 24 µmP/E 1Aperture Polar View 3,2

Equatorial View 1Exine µm (X±S.D) 2-1.5Sculpturing Perforate grain. isopolar, spheriodal. Colpi

joining in middle to give false syncolpate appearance.

Family Fabaceae

Genus RubiniaSpecies PseudoacaciaPollen Type TricolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Tricolporate

Equatorial View --Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 22µm

Equatorial ViewP/E -Aperture Polar View 3

Equatorial View -Exine µm (X±S.D) <2.5µmSculpturing Tectum perforate. Colpi V shape but not very

prominent. Exine perforation is not extended to middle and appear rough.

Family Fabaceae

Genus TrifoliumSpecies repensePollen Type TricolporatePollen Morphology

Magnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Subprolate

Equatorial View ProlateSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 26.2±5.3

Equatorial View 31.5±13.8P/E 0.83Aperture Polar View 3,2

Equatorial View 1Exine µm (X±S.D) 2-1.5Sculpturing Reticulate-scabrate,

Family Brassicaceae

Genus BrassicaSpecies Sp.Pollen Type TricolpatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Angular

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 24-27-

28=26.33±2.08

Equatorial View 18-20-23(20.33±2.51)

P/E 1.29Aperture Polar View 3,2

Equatorial View 2,1Exine µm (X±S.D) 4µmSculpturing Ornamentation is reticulate with more or less

regular pattern of muri. Apertures Colpate long sunken with acute ends, the colpi area is granulate.

Family Oleaceae

Genus OleaSpecies Sp.Location GilgitPollen Type TricolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100X

Shape Polar View TricolporateEquatorial View Prolate

Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 41µmEquatorial View -

P/EAperture Polar View Three

Equatorial View OExine µm (X±S.D) >2.5µm

Sculpturing Tectum scabrate

Family MalvaceaeGenus Abutilon.Species Sp.Pollen Type PeriporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View -Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 60µm

Equatorial View -P/E -Aperture Polar View Periporate

Equatorial ViewExine µm (X±S.D) 6.45µmSculpturing Spines with broader swollen bases also

perforated. Spines regularly arranged.

Family Leguminosae

Genus DelbergiaSpecies SissoPollen Type Tricolporate spheriodalPollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Rounded trilobed,

elongatedEquatorial View Elliptic, Cup shaped

Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 47 µmEquatorial View 52.7µm

P/E 1.12 µmAperture Polar View 3

Equatorial View 2,1Exine µm (X±S.D) 3µm (2-4µm)Sculpturing Perforate. Colpi depth ranges from 8 to 10

µm with pori having perforate sculpturing.

Family Lamiaceae

Genus Hissopus genusSpecies sp.Pollen Type HexacolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Oblate

Equatorial ViewSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 23.1

Equatorial View NA

P/EAperture Polar View 6

Equatorial View NAExine µm (X±S.D)Sculpturing Bireticulate and reticulate.

Family Meliaceae Type

Genus MeliaSpecies sp.Pollen Type Monad, Isopolar, TetracolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View -Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 33.7µm

Equatorial View -P/E -Aperture Polar View 4

Equatorial View -Exine µm (X±S.D) -Sculpturing Exine is perforated with elements of different

sizes. sometime termed as foveolate.

Family Poaceae

Genus Poa typeSpeciesPollen Type UlceratePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View 1

Equatorial ViewSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 36.9 µm

Equatorial View 29.1 µm ±6.4P/EAperture Polar View 1

Equatorial ViewExine µm (X±S.D) 5Sculpturing Brevi cerebro-ornate exine. Exine around the

whole pollen is also undulate.

Family Poaceae

Genus CymbopoganSpecies Sp.Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spherioddal

Equatorial View -Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 26µm±1.4


Equatorial ViewExine µm (X±S.D) 2.5µmSculpturing Areolate. Exine undulate and reticulate under

LM

Family Poaceae

Genus HordeumSpecies Sp.Pollen Type Hordeum type (Type 1)Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 86±8.8µm

Equatorial View 80±7.07µm

P/E 0.94Aperture Polar View 1

Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D) <5µmSculpturing Echinulate. Spinules are single, detached and

not grouped into insulae.

Family Poaceae

Genus SetariaSpecies Sp.Pollen Type UlceratePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal-oblate

Equatorial View -Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 30


Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D) <2.5Sculpturing Exine brevi-ornate exine undulate, insulae

are separated by narrow grooves, on annulus the exine insulae are aggregates.

Family Poaceae

Genus Poa sp.Pollen Type AnnulatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 37.1µm±8.4

Equatorial View 38 µm±0P/E 0.94Aperture Polar View 1

Equatorial ViewExine µm (X±S.D)Sculpturing Irregular-spheriodal to polygonal insulae

studded with few minute spinules. Exine undulate appear as band in SEM and reticulate under LM, exine 2.5 µm

Family Poaceae

Genus Poa sp.Pollen Type MonoporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal


Equatorial View 18.4P/E 1.05Aperture Polar View 1

Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D)Sculpturing Minute spinules detached, not grouped, sharp

pointed head and closely placed, size around 1µm, surface undulated and granulated under LM appear as reticulum.

Family Poaceae

Genus PhleumSpecies pretensePollen Type MonoporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View -

Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 27.5µmEquatorial View 0

P/E -Aperture Polar View 1

Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D)Sculpturing Reticulate sculpturing under LM

Family Poaceae

Genus CynodonSpecies DactylonPollen Type MonoportaePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal


Equatorial View 30µm±0P/EAperture Polar View 1

Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D) 2.5 µm±0Sculpturing Irregular-spheriodal to polygonal insulae and

reticulate under LM, grain 32 µm, exine 2.5 µm

Family Poaceae

Genus SorghumSpecies helipensePollen Type MonoporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View

Equatorial ViewP/EAperture Polar View 1

Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D) Less than 2.5 µmSculpturing Irregular-spheriodal to polygonal insulae

studies with number of spinules,

Family Poaceae

Genus PennisetumSpecies typhoidesPollen Type MonoporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal

Equatorial View SpheriodalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 33.5µm±2.15


Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D) -Sculpturing Spinules detached, single and not grouped,

spinules large closely placed near each other. less than 1µm.

Family Leguminosae

Genus Prosopis sp.Species Sp.Pollen Type 12-16 celled polyadPollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spherical, single

cells in polyad are square to rectangular.

Equatorial View Spherical to prolate, single cells in polyad are square to rectangular.

Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 34.8µm±3.95Equatorial View 40.75µm±2.75

P/E 0.85Aperture Polar View Non aperturate

Equatorial View Non aperturateExine µm (X±S.D) 2.5 µmSculpturing psilate

Family Leguminosae

Genus Acacia typeSpecies Sp.Pollen Type More than 30 celled polyadPollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheriodal



Equatorial View 0Exine µm (X±S.D) 2.5µmSculpturing foveolate

Bignoniaceae

Family Bignoniaceae

Genus Catalpa

Species Sp.

Pollen Type Polyad

Pollen Morphology

Magnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100X

Shape Polar View Spherical

Equatorial View Spherical

Size µm (X±S.D) Polar View 40µm±0

Equatorial View 42µm±0

P/E 0.95 µm

Aperture Polar View Non aperturate

Equatorial View Non aperturate

Exine µm (X±S.D) 0

Sculpturing Ornate

Family BetulaceaeGenus AlnusSpecies IndentPollen Type Tetracolporate-pentacolporate.Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Tetra-pentacolporate

Equatorial View Tetra-pentacolporateSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 19.25µm±1.06

Equatorial View 22.6±0.32P/E NAAperture Polar View 4-5

Equatorial View NAExine µm (X±S.D)

Sculpturing Tectate exine with scabrate sculpturing ornamented with irregular, short, regulate ridges.

Family Cyperaceae

Genus CypressSpecies RotundasLocation Sahiwal and SargodhaPollen Type Monad, bilaterally symmetrical & isopolar.Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Prolate

Equatorial ViewSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 27.8µm±2.8

Equatorial View 35.1 µm±3.42P/E 0.82Aperture Polar View 1

Equatorial View 3Exine µm (X±S.D) 2.41µmSculpturing Areolate

Vjhhbj

Family Cyperaceae

Species CarexPollen Type Monad, bilaterally symmetrical & isopolar.Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Prolate

Equatorial ViewSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 29.5µm±0.70

Equatorial View 18.5µm±2.12P/E 0.82Aperture Polar View 1ulcerate pori

Equatorial View 3 colpiExine µm (X±S.D) -Sculpturing Scabrate

Family Rosaceae

Genus PrunusSpecies SpPollen Type TricolporatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Angular


Equatorial View 25µm±0

P/E SpheridalAperture Polar View 3

Equatorial View 2,1Exine µm (X±S.D) 4Sculpturing Striate perforate (macroperforate)

Family RosaceaeGenus EriobotryaSpecies japonicaPollen Type TrizonocolpatePollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Spheroidal

Equatorial View SpheroidalSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 28.5µm±0

Equatorial View 28.5 µm±0P/E 1Aperture Polar View 3

Equatorial View 2,1Exine µm (X±S.D) 4Sculpturing Striate exine.

Family Rhamnaceae

Genus ZiziphusSpecies Sp.Pollen Type Tricolporate.Pollen MorphologyMagnification on Light Microscope (LM) at 100XShape Polar View Angular

Equatorial View Sub-oblateSize µm (X±S.D) Polar View 19.1µm±3.11

Equatorial View 22.37 µm ±3.80P/E 0.88Aperture Polar View 3

Equatorial View 2,1Exine µm (X±S.D) 2µmSculpturing Tectum striato-rugulate.

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