textile internship ppt
DESCRIPTION
Jayshree textiles internship pptTRANSCRIPT
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Jaya Shree Textiles, Rishra
TEXTILE MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN
By:Saakshi PratishrutiRoll no: B/AP/11/2185NIFT Kannur
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Jaya Shree Textiles ,a Unit of Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. is a leading player in Linen and
Wool segment of the Global Textile Business.
Jaya Shree Textiles was established in 1949 at Rishra in Hooghly district of West
Bengal
It has significantly revolutionized the Indian and
foreign textile market by popularizing ‘Linen’ across a
wide customer base with its brand “Linen Club”.
Jaya Shree Textiles sells its products in over 50
countries, spanning all the six continents of the World.
The company offers a wide range of products such as
Linen Yarn, Linen Fabric, Worsted Yarn and Wool Tops.
INTRODUCTION
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SBU's
FLAX SPINNING
LINEN FABRICS
WOOL COMBING
WORSTED SPINNING
SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS
FINANCE/ ACCOUNTS HR IRL WCM ENGINEERING/
IT
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
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DEPARTMENT
MARKETING/ SALES OPERATIONS
MAINTENANCE PRODUCTION QUALITY CONTROL
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
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FLAX SPINNING SECTION
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PRODUCT RANGE:
Natural, Bleached & Multifold Yarns
Linen Yarn for Weaving
• Dry Spun - From 5 Lea to 10 Lea
• Wet Spun*- From 10 Lea to 100 Lea
Linen Yarn for Circular Knitting
Wet Spun*- From 40 Lea to 80 Lea
SOURCING:
• The fibre is sourced from the best grade Western European Fibre from France and Belgium
for the entire requirement.
• The varieties of the flax procured generally are:
1. Suzanne 3. Alizee
2. Lorea 4. Malina
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SORTING
SORTING
HACKLINGHACKLING
DRAWINGDRAWING
ROVINGROVING GILL SPINNING (DRY)
GILL SPINNING (DRY)
WET SPINNING
WET SPINNING
RF DRYERRF DRYER
PACKAGINGPACKAGING
AUTOCONERAUTOCONER
RING FRAME
RING FRAME
BLEACHING
BLEACHING
PACKINGPACKING
WINDINGWINDING
FLAX SPINNING PROCESS FLOWCHART
CARDINGCARDING
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DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS SEQUENCE
SORTING: In this process the bales of flax fibres are manually sorted by the workers into
bunch. The weight of the bunch prepared is 90-110 g.
HACKLING:
• The aim of hackling is to clean, untangle and align parallel the bunch of scutched flax, to
separate the fibrous bundles and to start dividing them in order to form a continuous sliver
that is ready for doubling and drafting operations that come next.
• Scutched flax is hackled on hackling frames.
• Handfuls of strands of flax, weighing 90- 110 gram and held in mobile clamps are fed
manually in the hackling frames.
• Moving up and down these clamps convey the fibrous bundles to a double set of combs.
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CARDING: Carding continues the cleaning process removing fibers too short for yarns and
separating and straightening the fibers so that they lay parallel to each other. These fibers are
then spread into a thin, uniform web. The web moves into a funnel shaped device (trumpet)
where it is gathered into a rope like mass and formed into the card sliver.
• Efficiency of carding machine used:
700 kg per 8 hours
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COMBING: The combing process is normally used to produce smoother, finer, stronger and
more uniform yarns.The machines used for combing are as follows:
1. Bi-coiler machine
• Make: GC- 14
• Production: 18 g/m
2. Comber
• No. of combers used: 6
• Make: GC- 15 no. 1 &
GC 15 no. 2
Each type has 1 machine and the difference between the two are while GC 15 no 1 produces 18
g/m of sliver, the GC 15 no. 2 produces only 12 g/m of sliver.
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• DRAWING:
• The purpose of drawing is to make yarn more uniform by combing and elongating multiple
slivers, thus eliminating the randomly occurring defects. In this process further attenuation of
fibres and doubling is done.
• Several strands of sliver (typically eight to ten) from different carding machines are combined
and conveyed to the drawing machine, where they are pulled together and drawn out into a
new sliver no larger than one of the original single slivers. The loose, rope like strand of fibers
resulting from this process is called drawn sliver
• No. of machines: 6
No of fed slivers/head 6 8 8 8 8
Doubling no of sliver 6 8 8 8 or 4 8 or 4
Wt. of delivered sliver min(m/min) 17 11 7.3 4.9 or 2.5
1.6 or 0.8
Speed of the delivery roller(m/min) 16~24 17~25 17~25 19~26 17~24
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ROVING:
• Attenuation- drafting the sliver
into roving.
• Twisting the drafted strand.
• Winding the twisted roving on a
bobbin.
• No. of machines: 6
• Spinning speed: 17.9m/min
Number of heads 15
Number of spindles 120
Diameter of front roller (in cm) 38.1
Diameter of back roller (in cm) 38
Diameter of wooden pressing roller (in cm)
180-200
Motor 160M-615 KW
Distance between front and back roller (in cm)
550
Bobbin size (in cm) 280 X 115 X 38
Overall size 15158 X 3600
Weight 16.6 TON
Count of rove NM 1.8-3.8
Draft 8.34-12.51
Twist 29-41T/m
Flyer speed rpm 833
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
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BLEACHING PLANT:
• In bleaching plant the roving materials are bleached in order to remove the natural colour of
the yarn. Bleaching is done mainly by following chemicals:
a. Hydrogen peroxide j. Securon 540
b. Acetic acid k. Contavon GAL
c. Sulphuric acid l. Stabilizer NKC
d. Alfox 200 m. Beta foam KS
e. Soda ash
f. Sodium sillicate
g. Sodium nitrate
h. sodium chloride
i. Caustic flakes
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Yarn linear density 20-60 tex (Nm)
Twist/meter 300-800TmTwist direction Right Z
Setting(mm) 180 (front and back roller nip)Yarn ring diameter 55mm
Wind height 210mmSpindle speed 3700-3800
Drafting system Single zone, single apron drafting system with two pressure rollers
Power of motor 15 KWSpinning machine drive 0,37
Spindle gauge 88mmSpindle quantity 64, 192, 240, 256
WET SPINNING : The spinnerets are submerged in a chemical bath and as the filaments
emerge they precipitate from solution and solidify. Because the solution is extruded directly into
the precipitating liquid, this process for making fibers is called wet spinning.
MACHINE PARAMETERS
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R.F DRYER:
After coming out of ring frame the pirns are in wet condition. It cannot be wound further
without drying them. So, R.F Dryer is used in this case. The lot of pirns are passed through
the R.F Dryer at a temperature of 80 degree Celsius.
AUTO CONER
A winding machine used for automatic packaging of yarns into cone
or cheese form
• In Auto coner there are 3 different coloured lights:
• RED- when the machine stops due to entanglement of threads
• GREEN- when the machine is running
• YELLOW- when the package is complete
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CONDITIONING ROOM:
• In this stage the bigger package wound in the Auto coner machine are stored in a
conditioning room and from there they are sent for packaging.
PACKAGING:
• Packaging plays a vital role in marketing a particular product. Here the bobbins are packed
and delivered for further processing or sold to the buyer.
• Bigger Package Cone- 1.6 kg
• Small Package Cone- 1 kg/900 gm
• Gross Weight of the Carton- 26 kg
• Total number of bobbins/carton- 26
• Production per day- 600 kg
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WOOL COMBING SECTION
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BLENDINGBLENDING
SCOURINGSCOURING
CARDINGCARDING
PRE-COMB GILLINGPRE-COMB GILLING
COMBINGCOMBING
POST-COMB GILLINGPOST-COMB GILLING
PRESS PACKINGPRESS PACKING
WOOL COMBING PROCESS FLOWCHART
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BLENDING:
• In this process, the workers manually mix the different sub lots of wool and prepare it to be
fed to the next stage
SCOURING:
• It is the process of removal of the natural grease, dust and dirt that are present in wool by
washing. The by-product of this
process is wool grease.
• Machine used: Scouring machine
• Width of the machine: 1.2 m
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BOWLS PRESSURE(in
kg/sq.cm)
1 6
2 6
3 6
4 6
5 5.5
BOWLS TEMPERATUR
E (in degree
Celsius)
1 65
2 60
3 60
4 55
5 58
BOWLS VOLUME (in
litres)
1
5000
2 5000
3 5000
4 5000
5 5000
CAPACITY
SQEEZE ROLLER MANGLE PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE IN THE BOWL
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CARDING: The process of carding separates the individual fibres, helps in removal of
vegetable matter from the fibre and in the formation of sliver.
• Machine used: Carding machine
• No. of machine: 2
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PRE- COMB GILLING: It is the process of parallelisation of fibre by drafting and maintaining
the evenness of sliver through doubling.
• Machine used: Gill box
• No. of machines used: 4
• No. of doubling: 8 max.
• Draft range: 3-8.8
• Fallers: 72(UPPER) + 72 (LOWER)
• Faller width: 270 mm
• No. of working faller: 72
• Top roller dia: 78-80 mm
• Top roller pressure: 200-250 IBS
• Spray nozzle1.75- 2.5 mm
• Ratch: 35-60 mm
• Max. speed: 360 M/P/M
Application:
• Attenuation and alignment of fibre by drafting through intersecting pinned fallers
• Obtaining sliver evenness through doubling
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COMBING: It is the process of removal of short fibres and neps from gilled input material and to make crimped sliver as an output.
• Machine used: Combing machine
• No. of machine: 16
• NIPs/min: max upto 210-240
• Feed/length: 5.8-7.2 mm
• Apron size: 640mm *530 mm
580mm* 546 mm
• Top comb: 410 mm
• Feed gill:
5 PPC- 2pc
6PPC- 3pc
7PPC- 4 pc
• Comb setting: 1mm down the shovel plate
• Brush setting: 2mm with doffer and to touch last 3 or 4 vario bar for every rotation
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POST-COMB GILLING: It includes further parallelisation and evenness of sliver by
drafting and doubling and the formation of tops/ bumps.
• Machine used: Gill box• No. of machines used: 4• No. of doubling: 8 max.• Draft range: 3-8/8• Fallers: 72(UPPER) + 72 (LOWER)• Faller width: 270 mm• No. of working faller: 72• Top roller dia: 78-80 mm• Top roller pressure: 200-250 IBS• Spray nozzle1.75- 2.5 mm• Ratch: 35-60 mm• Max. speed: 360 M/P/M• Max. speed: 360 M/P/M
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PRESS PACKING: It involves the packing of tops and bumps in bale forms for
dispatch.
• Materials used for press packing are:
• Bailing press
• HDPE Bag
• Hoop iron strap
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WEAVING SECTION
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YARN PROCUREMENT
(incoming inspection of yarn)
YARN PROCUREMENT
(incoming inspection of yarn)
SECTIONAL WARPING
(Warping of yarn according to pattern)
SECTIONAL WARPING
(Warping of yarn according to pattern)
BEAMING
(Preparation of weaver’s beam)
BEAMING
(Preparation of weaver’s beam)
DRAWING-IN
(Drawing of yarn in heald and reed)
DRAWING-IN
(Drawing of yarn in heald and reed)
BEAM GAITING
(mounting of weaver’s beam and gaiting)
BEAM GAITING
(mounting of weaver’s beam and gaiting)
WEAVING
(interlacement of warp and weft yarn)
WEAVING
(interlacement of warp and weft yarn)
GREY CHECKING AND FOLDING
(checking for cloth defects)
GREY CHECKING AND FOLDING
(checking for cloth defects)
WEAVING PROCESS FLOWCHART
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Yarn Procurement
• In this process the yarn is received from the spinning section to be prepared for
sectional warping.
Sectional Warping
• Weaving preparatory process involves the process of warping. Sectional warping is done
in the industry. The yarn cones are mounted on a creel which has a capacity of 480
cones.
• Machine specifications:
o Manufacture name: - Prashant Gamatex.
o Model:-E.P 1100
o Size:-2200 mm
o Total No. of m/c: - 07
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o Beam or drum dia. - 3 meter
o Warping speed - 150 m/min
o Travers speed – 232.4 mm
o Reed space – 78 inch max (64 inch avg. used)
2. Single End Warping m/c
• Model: SUZUKI NAS-130
• FEATURES:
o Types of creel: Parallel cone creel ( magazine creel)
o Capacity: 480
o Features: warp stop motion, when yarn breakS. Here photo electric sensors are used.
o Creeling time: 25-30 min.
o Type of tensioner: Mechanical type (spring plate).
o Adjustment of the tensioner: Manually.
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DRAWING: To drive the ends through eyes of healds and dents to feed with the help of
reed hook.
• There are total 26 drawing- in m/c for drawing- in beam. Two workers are required-
• Drawer
• Reacher
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
• Average no. of ends drawn/shift/operative for plain sorts- 6000-6500 ends.
• Specifications of heald wire ,drop pins, heald wire
o For projectile -length 13’’
o For rapier –length 15’’
• Drop pins- Different weighted drop pins are used for different count
Finer count above 80 –low weight
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BEAMING
• As soon as all the sections are wound on the drum, the weaver’s beam formation is started
by unwinding the threads from the dresser and winding them all simultaneously on the
weaver’s beam placed on the chuck. This operation is named beaming.
• No of workers required- 2
• Time required- 150 to 180 minutes
• Beam dimension:
For Rapier: Dia. Of beam- 8.2”
Length of the beam- 92”
Weight of the beam- 128kg
For Projectile: Dia. Of beam- 7”
Length of the beam- 92”
Weight of the beam- 128kg
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• Shift wise productivity: 2 beam per shift (avg.)
• Requirement of worker: 2
• Transportation of beams: by using trolleys.
• Yarn count: 40 Lea
• Beam flange to flange distance in mm =915 mm
• Creel capacity= 480
• Total length in meter=1200 m
• End/mm=2.2 mm
• No. of section=4 of 480 ends& 1 of 93 ends
• Section width=218.8 mm
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WEAVING:
• The weaving department is divided into 2 sheds.
• Shed 1: 30 rapier looms
20 projectile looms
• Shed 2: 48 Rapier looms
• Almost 14,000 meters of fabric is made in 1 day
• The maximum width of the fabric is 153 inches i.e. 390 cm. Other widths of fabric include
200, 220 and 190.
• A variety of weaves are used such as plain, twill, satin and fancy weave. They also have
attachments for dobby. Plain weave is the most commonly used weave. The department
works in all the three shifts. All the looms are Sulzer Ruti Loom
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MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
• Manufacturer- Sulzer Ruti• Model: Rapier- G6200 W 200 N6 SPK
Projectile -P 7200 B 390 N4 SPK, P 7200 W220 N4 SPK• Width of the machines-(rapier)• 220cm (34 machines) • 200 cm (24 machines)• 190 cm (20 machines)• Width of the machines-(projectile)• Double width 153”(6 machines)• Single width 85”(14 machines)• Speed and efficiency:
Rapier Loom: For yarn dyed-300-350 RPM
For grey fabric- 400(+/-) 20RPM
Projectile: 250-350 RPM • Efficiency of the machine is 70-75 %
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DYEING SECTION
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BLEACHING ON CBR
BLEACHING ON CBR
DRY ON STENTER
DRY ON STENTER
GREY FABRIC
GREY FABRIC
SINGEING,DEMINERALISATION & DWELLING (4 hrs.)
SINGEING,DEMINERALISATION & DWELLING (4 hrs.)
CHECKING OF SHADE
CHECKING OF SHADE
CAUSTIC PADDING IN CASE OF LINEN/ COTTON FABRIC
CAUSTIC PADDING IN CASE OF LINEN/ COTTON FABRIC
WASH ON WASHING RANGE
WASH ON WASHING RANGE
PADDING ON KUSTER & DWELLING
PADDING ON KUSTER & DWELLING
DRY ON STENTER
DRY ON STENTER
WASH ON CBR
WASH ON CBR
RFD CHECKING
RFD CHECKING
DRY ON DRYER
DRY ON DRYER
CALENDERINGCALENDERING FINSHING ON STENTER
FINSHING ON STENTER
SANFORISINGSANFORISING
LAB. TESTINGLAB. TESTING
PROCESS SEQUENCE FOR PIECE DYED
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SINGEINGSINGEING DWELLINGDWELLING CBRCBR
DRY ON STENTERDRY ON STENTER
DYE ON PADDINGDYE ON PADDING
DWELLINGDWELLING
WASHINGWASHING
CHECKING SHADECHECKING SHADETESTINGTESTINGPACKAGING
PACKAGING
GREY FABRIC
GREY FABRIC
PROCESS SEQUENCE FOR YARN DYED
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SINGEING MACHINE:
• The purpose of singeing is to remove the loose hairy fibers protruding from the surface of
the cloth or yarn.
• It gives a smooth, even and clean look.
Setting Parameters:
• For singeing and denim: 90 m/min
• For chemical padding: 70 m/min
• Mangle pressure: 2 bar
• Burner Opening: 0.2 mm
• Gas pressure: 10 Mbar
• Air pressure: 40 Mbar
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Machine Details:
• Machine length: 16.815 m
• Roller width: 2000 mm
• Fabric width: 1800 mm
• Production speed: 150 m/min
• Water pressure: 2-3 bar
• Water hardness: 4-10 ppm
• Compressed air: 6 bar
• Steam: 6 bar
• Gas pressure: 100 mbar
• Temp: 10-40 degree Celsius
• Wet pick up: 90%
• Light: 250 lux
• Threading length: 60 m
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CHAMBER no. CAPACITY (in litres)
1 1200
2 1200
3 200
4 Steamer
5 1800
6 1800
7 1200
8a 600
8b 600
CBR (CONTINUOUS BLEACHING RANGE)
The process: The purpose of bleaching includes the removal of the various natural, added or
acquired impurities from the grey cloth as efficiently as possible, with minimum or no damage
to the fiber and leaving the fabrics in a perfectly white state.
Machine Specifications:
•No. of chambers: 8
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• Threading length: 240 m (feed
roller and delivery roller)
• Contact time in steamer: 2-2.5
min (90 m)
• Roller width: 2200 m
• Working with: 2200 m
• Maximum speed: 50 m/min
• Centrifugal pump is driven by
electric motor
Setting Parameters:
• Pressure required:
• Steam pressure: 5-6 bar
• Water pressure: 2-4 bar
• Air pressure: 5-6 bar
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STENTER: Stenter is used for openform fabric.
The main function of stenter is to stretch the
fabric widthwise and to recover the uniform width.
Machine Specifications:
• No. of heating chamber: 6
• No. of radiator: 4 in each chamber
• No. of blower: 12
• Max. temperature: 180 degree Celsius
• Std. temperature: 160-180 degree Celsius
• Blower fan speed: 100 r.p.m
• Mangle: 2 (one rubber & one helextra roller)
• Workable width: 180 cm
• Threading length: 100m
• Trough capacity: 150 litres
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CALENDARING
The process: calendaring is a finishing process
used on cloth where fabric is folded in half and
passed under rollers at high temperature and
pressure.
Machine Parameters:
• Make – Ramisch Guarneri
• Standard speed – 50m/min
• Maximum speed – 82m/min
• Threading length – 10metres
• Working width – 180 cms
• Maximum temperature – 150 degree
• Standard temperature – 100 degree
• Maximum calendar pressure – 350N/mm
• Standard calendar pressure – 200N/mm
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WASHING RANGE
The process: After dyeing, the fabric needs to be washed so that the excess colour is washed
off. The fabric is passed through 6 chambers. Second and third chamber contains soap solution.
Machine Specifications
• Make – ERBATECH Germany
• Number of chambers - 6
• Temperature of 1 to 4th chamber is 85-90 degree Celsius.
• Temperature of 5th chamber is 30-35 degree Celsius.
• Temperature of 6th chamber is 40 degree Celsius
• Capacity of each chamber – 600 litres\
• Number of fibres cleaning filter – 2 (attached with chamber number 2 and 4)
• Maximum speed – 50 m/min
• Threading length – 120 m (from entry in the first chamber to delivery width)
• Roller width – 1900 mm
• Working width – 1700mm
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JIGGER MACHINE
• The jig dyeing process involves treating fabric in open width form.
• Jigger consists of a trough, fitted with two rollers known as draw rollers. An immersion roller is
provided in the bottom zone of the trough. Guide rollers are provided for guiding the path of the
fabric.
• The fabric in the open-width form is wound on one of the draw rollers, from where it is unwound
and passed into the dye liquor contained in the trough with the help of the immersion roller.
• After immersion, the fabric is wound on the
other draw roller.Then the fabric is passed
in the reverse direction again into the dye
bath.
Machine Used:
• Make:-Pacific-Harish Industries Ltd.
• Types:- (1) Jumbo Jigger
(2) Pacific Jigger(J;N1;N2;E)
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SOFT FLOW MACHINE
• In the soft flow dyeing machine water is used
for keeping the fabric in circulation.
• There is no stopping of liquor or fabric
circulation for usual drain and fill steps.
• Make:-ACME Machinery Industries Company
Ltd.,TAIWAN
• Maxm Temp.:- 980C
• Capacity:-For fabric For Water
(1).150 Kg 700-800 L
(2).250 Kg 700-800 L
• No. of m/c:- 02
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ZERO ZERO SANFORISING
MACHINE
• Make:-CORINO Spretto Rimar Santex
Group
• Standard speed – 30m/min
• Working width – 170 cm
• Standard temperature of the rubber
blanket – 125 to 130 degree Celsius
• Standard wooden felt temperature – 130
to 140 degree Celsius
• Rubber thickness – 40 to 65 mm
• Air pressure – 4 bar (max 6 bar)
• Threading length – 30 metre
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TESTING &QUALTY CONTROL
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Jaya Shree Textiles follows stringent quality processes and has the following certifications
to its credit: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, SA 8000, OHSAS 18001 and Oeko-tex 100.
FLAX QUALITY DEPARTMENT:
The machines used for quality control in this department are as follows:
USTER TESTER – 5 [ UT - 5]
Application scope: Measurement of Unevenness % and imperfections in yarn, unevenness
% of roving and sliver, Automatic check of all values, diagrams and spectrograms.
Simulation of yarn boards woven and knitted fabrics.
USTER TENSORAPID – 4 [UTR - 4]
Application: the USTER TENSORAPID – 4 is a tensile testing installation for the quality
control in the textile industry. The determined values for the tensile force and the elongation
percentage
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YARN APPEARANCE BOARD WINDER - MOTORIZED
Application : precise preparation of yarn appearance board for accuracy assessment of
imperfection to grade the yarn
WRAP REELApplication : Length measurement for determination of yarn count
ELECTRONIC BALANCEApplication : Weight measurement
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SPECTROPHOTOMETERApplication : Colour matching and quality control in the laboratory
SINGLE YARN STRENGTH TESTERApplication : Yarn Strength Measurement
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WEAVING QUALITY DEPARTMENT:
COUNT OF YARN
G.S.M
BREAKING STRENGTH
COUNT OF YARN
G.S.M
BREAKING STRENGTH
TEARING STRENGTH
AIR PERMEABILITY TESTING MACHINE
CREASE RECOVERY ANGLE TESTER
BENDING LENGTH TESTER FOR STIFFNESS
BLEND ANALYSIS (BLEND PERCENTAGE)
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DYEING QUALITY DEPARTMENT:1. Colour fastness to washing
Equipment: Infra Red Dryer
Test method: AATCC 61 A
2. Colour fastness to perspiration
Equipment: Perspirometer
Test method: AATCC 15
3. Colour fastness to light
Equipment: Water cooled machine and xenon arc lamp
Test method: AATCC 16 E
4. Colour fastness to crocking/rubbing
Equipment: Paramount manual crockmeter
Test method: AATCC 8
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5. Measurement of core pH
Equipment: Paramount pH meter with 0.1 graduation and buffer solution of pH 4 and 7
Test method:AATCC 81
6. Residual shrinkage percentage
Equipment: Paramount accu shrinkage scale
IFB washing machine
Tumble drier
Flat bed press
Test method: AATCC 135
7. Tensile strength in lbs
Equipment: Fabric strength tester
Test method:IS-1670-1970
8. tensile strength in kg
Equipment: Universal testing machine
Test method: ASTM D 5034: 1995
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9. Tear strength (in lbs)
Equipment: Elmedorf tearing strength tester
Test method: ASTM D1424
10. Pilling Resistance
Equipment: Martindale pilling and abrasion resistance tester
Test method: ASTMD-4970
11. Abrasion resistance
Equipment: Martindale pilling and abrasion resistance tester
Test method: ASTMD 4966
12. Seam strength (in kg)
Equipment: Universal testing machine
Test method: ASTMD434:1995
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13. Water repellency test, spray test
Equipment: AATCC spray tester,beaker, disilled water
Test method: AATCC 22-2001
14. Oil repellency
Equipment: Test liquids prepared and numbered according to the table, dropping bottles, white AATCC Textile botting paper
Test method: AATCC 118- 2002
15. Determination of flammability and flame resistance of fabric
Equipment: Vertical flame resistance tester
Test method: IS: 1871-1986 Method A
16. Protective clothing- protection against heat and flame
Equipment: Horizontal flame resistance tester
Test method:BSEN352-1995
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17. Method for determining the fire resistance of coated and uncoated textiles
Equipment: 45 degree angle flammability tester
Test method:UIC564-2
18. Method for determining deterioration of visibility due to smoke released on combustion of materials
Equipment: Deterioration of visibility due to smoke release tester
Test method: UIC 564-2
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THANK YOU!