Text by Michael Gaige and Yonatan Glogower

Photographs by Michael Gaige, Yonatan Glogower, and GMF

Watercolors and Design by Autumn Von Plinsky

Copyright © Yale Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry, 2016

All Rights Reserved

List of Vascular Plant Species Observed at Great Mountain Forest

SPECIES NAME1 COMMON NAME2

Acer pensylvanicum Striped mapleAcer rubrum Red mapleAcer saccharum Sugar mapleAcer spicatum Mountain mapleActaea pachypoda White baneberryActaea rubra Red baneberryAdiantum pedatum Maidenhair fernAdlumia fungosa Climbing fumitoryAgeratina altissima White snakerootAgrimonia ?gryposepala Common agrimonyAgrostis perennans HairgrassAlliaria petiolata * Garlic mustardAllium tricoccum Wild leekAlnus incana ssp. rugosa AlderAmbrosia artemisiifolia Common ragweedAmelanchier laevis Smooth shadbushAmelanchier species ServiceberriesAmphicarpaea bracteata American hog-peanutAnaphalis margaritacea Pearly everlastingAndromeda glaucophylla Bog rosemaryAnemone americana Round-lobed hepaticaAnemone quinquefolia Wood anemone

Anemone virginiana Canada anemoneAngelica ?atropurpurea Purplestem angelicaAntennaria ?neglecta Pussy’s-toesAntennaria plantaginifolia PussytoesAnthoxanthum odoratum * Sweet vernal grassApocynum ?cannabinum DogbaneAquilegia canadensis Wild columbineAralia hispida Bristly sasparillaAralia nudicaulis Wild sarsaparillaAralia racemosa American spikenardArctium minus * Lesser burdockArisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpitAronia species ChokeberriesArrhenatherum elatius * False oat-grassArtemisia vulgaris * MugwortAsarum canadense Wild gingerAsclepias incarnata Swamp milkweedAsclepias syriaca Common milkweedAsplenium platyneuron Ebony spleenwortAsplenium trichomanes Maidenhair spleenwortAthyrium filix-femina Lady fernBarbarea vulgaris * Winter-cressBerberis thunbergii * BarberryBetula alleghaniensis Yellow birchBetula lenta Black birchBetula papyrifera Paper birchBetula populifolia Gray birchBidens species Beggar-ticksBoechera laevigata Smooth rockcressBoehmeria cylindrica False-nettleBotrychium virginianaum Rattlesnake fernBrachyelytrum erectum Bearded shorthuskBromus inermis * Smooth bromeBromus pubescens Hairy woodland bromeCalamagrostis canadensis BluejointCalamagrostis stricta ssp. inexpansa Northern reedgrassCalla palustris Calla lilyCaltha palustris Marsh marigoldCampanula aparinoides Marsh bellflower

COMPLETE SPECIES LISTAPPENDIX II

209

Cardamine concatenata Cutleaf toothwortCardamine diphylla Broadleaf toothwortCarex albicans var. albicans White-tinge sedgeCarex albursina White bear sedgeCarex amphibola Eastern narrow-leaved sedgeCarex appalachica Appalachian sedgeCarex arctata Drooping woodland sedgeCarex argyrantha Hay sedgeCarex aurea Golden sedgeCarex blanda Common woodland sedgeCarex bromoides Brome-like sedgeCarex brunnescens Brownish sedgeCarex canescens Silvery sedgeCarex cephalophora Capitate sedgeCarex communis Fibrous-rooted sedgeCarex comosa Longhair sedgeCarex crinita Fringed sedgeCarex cristatella Crested sedgeCarex debilis White-edge sedgeCarex deweyana Dewey sedgeCarex digitalis Slender woodland sedgeCarex flava Yellow sedgeCarex folliculata Northern long sedgeCarex gracillima Graceful sedgeCarex gracillescens Slender loose-flowered sedgeCarex granularis Meadow sedgeCarex hirtifolia Hairy sedgeCarex hystericina Porcupine sedgeCarex interior Inland sedgeCarex intumescens Greater bladder sedgeCarex lacustris Lake sedgeCarex laevivaginata Smooth-sheathed sedgeCarex lasiocarpa Woolly-fruited sedgeCarex laxiflora Broad loose-flowered sedgeCarex leptalea Bristly-stalked sedgeCarex leptonervia Nerveless woodland sedgeCarex lupulina Hop sedgeCarex lurida Shallow sedgeCarex muricata Rough sedge

Carex normalis Greater straw sedgeCarex ?ormostachya Necklace spike sedgeCarex pedunculata Long-stalked sedgeCarex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedgeCarex platyphylla Broadleaf sedgeCarex prasina Drooping sedgeCarex rosea Rosy sedgeCarex retroflexa Reflexed sedgeCarex scabrata Eastern rough sedgeCarex scoparia Pointed broom sedgeCarex sparganioides Bur-reed sedgeCarex sprengelii Sprengel’s sedgeCarex stipata Awlfruit sedgeCarex stricta Upright sedgeCarex swanii Swan’s sedgeCarex tetanica Rigid sedgeCarex trisperma Three-seeded sedgeCarex virescens Ribbed sedgeCarex viridula Little green sedgeCarex vulpinoidea Fox sedgeCarpinus caroliniana HornbeamCarya cordiformis Bitternut hickoryCarya glabra Pignut hickoryCarya ?ovalis Sweet pignut hickoryCarya ovata Shagbark hickoryCastanea dentata American ChestnutCeanothus americanus New Jersey teaCelastrus orbiculatus * Asiatic bittersweetCentaurea maculosa * KnapweedCerastium species * Moused-ear chickweedsCercidiphyllum japonicum * KatsuraChelidonium majus * Greater celandineChelone glabra Turtle-headsChamaedaphne calyculata LeatherleafChimaphila maculata Spotted wintergreenChimaphila umbellata Umbellate wintergreenChrysosplenium americanum Golden saxifrageCicuta species Water hemlocksCinna latifolia Drooping wood reed

210

Dichanthelium linearifolium Linear-leaved rosette panic grassDichanthelium oligosanthes Scribner’s panic grassDicanthelium ?spretum Hairy rosette panic grassDicanthelium villosissimum White-haired panic grassDicentra cucullaria Dutchman’s breechesDiervilla lonicera Bush honeysuckleDigitalis ?lanata Woolly foxgloveDrosera rotundifolia Round leaved sundewDryopteris carthusiana Spinulose wood fernDryopteris cristata Crested wood fernDryopteris intermedia Common wood fernDryopteris marginalis Marginal wood fernDulichium arundinaceum Three-way sedgeEleocharis obtusa Blunt spike rushEleocharis species Spike rushesElymus hystrix Bottlebrush grassElymus species Wild ryesElymus trachycaulus Slender wheatgrassEpifagus virginiana Beech dropsEpigaea repens Trailing arbutusEpilobium coloratum Purple-leaf willow-herbEpipactis helleborine * HelleborineEquisetum arvense Common horsetailEquisetum sylvaticum Woodland horsetailEquisetum variegatum Variegated horsetailErigeron annuus Daisy-fleabaneErigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabaneErigeron pulchellus Robin’s-plantainEriophorum viridi-carinatum Thinleaf cottonsedgeEriophorum species CottonsedgesErythronium americanum Trout lilyEupatorium perfoliatum Common bonesetEupatorium ?sessilifolium Upland bonesetEurybia divaricata White wood asterEurybia macrophylla Big-leaved asterEuthamia graminifolia Flat-top goldenrodEutrochium ?purpureum Sweet Joe-pie weedFagus grandifolia American beechFestuca subverticillata Nodding fescue

Circaea alpina Dwarf enchanter’s nightshadeCircaea lutetiana Enchanter’s nightshadeCirsium ?muticum Swamp thistleClematis virginiana Virgin’s-bowerClethra alnifolia Sweet pepper-bushClinopodium vulgare * Wild basilClintonia borealis Wood lilyCollinsonia canadensis Canada horsebalmComptonia peregrina Sweet-fernConioselinum chinense Chinese hemlock-parsleyCoptis trifolia GoldthreadCorallorhiza trifida Yellow coralrootCornus alternifolia Alternate-leaved dogwoodCornus amomum Silky dogwoodCornus canadensis BunchberryCornus rugosa Round-leaved dogwoodCornus stolonifera Red osier dogwoodCorydalis sempervirens Rock harlequinCorylus cornuta Beaked hazelCrataegus brainerdii HawthornCryptotaenia canadensis HonewortCypripedium acaule Pink lady slipper

Cystopteris bulbifera Bulblet bladderfernCystopteris tenuis Upland brittle bladderfernDactylis glomerata * Orchard grassDanthonia compressa Northern oat grassDanthonia spicata Poverty-grassDasiphora fruticosa Shrubby cinquefoilDaucus carota * Queen Anne’s-laceDecodon verticillatus Swamp loosestrifeDennstaedtia punctilobula Hay-scented fernDentaria concatenata Cutleaf toothwortDeparia acrostichoides Silvery spleenwortDeschampsia flexuosa Wavy hairgrassDesmodium species Tick-cloversDianthus armeria * Deptford pinkDicanthelium acuminatum var. implicatum Woolly panic grassDichanthelium latifolium Broad-leaved rosette panic grass

211

Juncus pelocarpus Brown-fruited rushJuncus tenuis Slender yard-rushKalmia angustifolia Sheep laurelKalmia latifolia Mountain laurelLaportea canadensis Canadian wood nettleLarix laricina Eastern larchLedum groenlandicum Bog Labrador teaLeersia oryzoides Rice cutgrassLeucanthemum vulgare * Ox-eye daisyLigustrum species PrivetsLilium ?superbum Turk’s-cap lilyLinaria vulgaris * Common toadflaxLindera benzoin SpicebushLiriodendron tulipifera Tulip treeLobelia cardinalis Cardinal-flowerLobelia inflata Indian-tobaccoLobelia spicata Palespike lobeliaLonicera canadensis Fly honeysuckleLonicera dioica Limber honeysuckleLonicera morrowii * Morrow’s honeysuckleLotus corniculatus * Bird’s-foot trefoilLudwigia palustris Marsh seedboxLuzula acuminata Hairy woodrushLuzula campestris Common wood-rushLychnis flos-cuculi * Ragged-robinLycopodium annotinum Stiff clubmossLycopodium clavatum Wolf ’s-foot clubmossLycopodium obscurum Tree clubmossLycopus uniflorus Water-horehoundLycopus virginicus Water-horehoundLyonia ligustrina MaleberryLysimachia ciliata Fringed loosestrifeLysimachia terrestris Earth loosestrifeLythrum salicaria * Purple loosestrifeMaianthemum canadense False lily-of-the-valleyMalus ?pumila * Common appleMatteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich fernMedeola virginiana Indian cucumber rootMelampyrum lineare Narrowleaf cowwheat

Fragaria virginiana Wild strawberryFraxinus americana White ashFraxinus nigra Black ashGalium aparine * CleaversGalium mollugo * White bedstrawGalium ?lanceolatum Wild licoriceGalium tinctorium BedstrawGalium ?trifidum Three-petaled bedstrawGalium triflorum Fragrant bedstrawGaultheria procumbens WintergreenGaultheria hispidula Creeping snowberryGaylussacia baccata Black huckleberryGeranium maculatum Wild geraniumGeranium robertianum Herb RobertGeum canadense White avensGeum rivale Water avensGlyceria canadensis Rattlesnake grassGlyceria ?grandis American mannagrassGlyceria melicaria Slender manna grassGlyceria striata Fowl manna grassGnaphalium obtusifolium Sweet everlastingGymnocarpium dryopteris Northern oak-fernHackelia virginiana StickseedHamamelis virginiana Witch-hazelHesperis matronalis * Dame’s-rocketHieracium paniculatum HawkweedHeuchera americana American alumrootHolcus lanatus * Common velvetgrassHoustonia caerulea BluetsHuperzia lucidula Shining clubmossHydrocotyle americana PennywortHypericum boreale Northern st. JohnswortIlex verticillata Winterberry hollyImpatiens capensis Spotted jewelweedImpatiens pallida Pale jewelweed?Inula helenium ElecampagneIris versicolor Blue flagJuncus effusus Soft rushJuncus ?greenei Greene’s rush

212

Pilea pumila ClearweedPinus strobus White pinePlantago lanceolata * English plantainPlantago rugelii Pale plantainPlatanus occidentalis SycamorePlatanthera clavellata Club-spur orchidPlatanthera ?hyperborea Northern green orchidPlatanthera species Butterfly orchidsPoa alsodes Woodland bluegrassPoa annua * Annual bluegrassPoa compressa * Canada bluegrassPoa pratensis * Kentucky bluegrassPoa saltuensis Weak spear grassPoa trivialis * Rough bluegrassPodopyllum pedatum MayapplePogonia ophioglossoides Snakemouth orchidPolygala pauciflora GaywingsPolygonatum biflorum Small Solomon’s-sealPolygonum arifolium Arrow leaf tear thumbPolygonum cespitosum * Low smartweedPolygonum cilinode Fringed black bindweedPolygonum sagittatum Tear thumbPolypodium appalachianum Appalachian polyploidyPolypodium virginianum Rock polyploidyPolystichum acrostichoides Hanukkah fernPopulus deltoides Eastern CottonwoodPopulus grandidentata Big tooth aspenPopulus tremuloides Quaking aspenPotentilla canadensis Dwarf cinquefoilPotentilla simplex Common cinquefoilPrenanthes species Rattlesnake-rootPrimula ?japonica Japanese primrosePrunella vulgaris * Self-healPrunus serotina Black cherryPrunus virginiana Choke cherryPteridium aquilinum BrackenPyrola rotundifolia ShinleafQuercus alba White oakQuercus ?coccinea Scarlet oak

Melilotus alba * White sweet-cloverMentha arvensis Wild mintMitchella repens PartridgeberryMitella diphylla MiterwortMoehringia lateriflora Bluntleaf sandwortMonarda fistulosa HorsemintMonotropa hypopithys Dutchman’s pipeMonotropa uniflora Indian-pipeMuhlenbergia species Wire stem muhlyNemopanthus mucronatus Mountain hollyNyssa sylvatica Black gumOclemena acuminata Mountain asterOenothera perennis Small sundropsOnoclea sensibilis Sensitive fernOryzopsis asperifolia Roughleaf ricegrassOryzopsis racemosa Black-seeded ricegrassOsmorhiza species Sweet ciciliesOsmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon fernOsmunda claytoniana Interrupted fernOsmunda regalis Royal fernOstrya virginiana Hop hornbeamOxalis montana Mountain woodsorrelOxalis ?stricta Lady’s-sorrelPackera aurea Golden ragwortPackera obovata Golden groundselPanax trifolius Dwarf ginsengParnassia glauca American grass of ParnassusParonychia canadensis Smoothe forked nailwortParthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeperPeltandra virginica Green arrow arumPenstemon species BeardtonguesPhalaris arundinacea Reed canary-grassPhegopteris connectilis Long beechfernPhegopteris hexagonoptera Broad beech fernPhleum pratense * TimothyPhragmites australis * Common reedPhytolacca americana PokeweedPicea rubens Red sprucePicea mariana Black spruce

213

Schizachne purpurascens False melicSchizachyrium scoparium Little bluestemSchoenoplectus tabernaemontani Great bulrushScirpus atrocinctus Black-girdled woolsedgeScirpus cyperinus Wool grassScirpus ?expansus Wood bulrushScirpus hattorianus Dark green bulrushScirpus ?microcarpus Panicled bulrushScirpus pendulus Nodding bulrushScrophularia lanceolata Hare-figwortScutellaria galericulata Marsh skullcapScutellaria lateriflora Common skullcapSedum species * StonecropsSelaginella apoda Meadow spikemossSetaria pumila * Yellow foxtailSisyrinchium montanum Blue-eyed grassSmilax herbacea Carrion-flowerSolanum dulcamara * Climbing nightshadeSolidago caesia Blue-stem goldenrodSolidago canadensis Canada goldenrodSolidago flexicaulis Zig-zag goldenrodSolidago juncea Early goldenrodSolidago nemoralis Gray goldenrodSolidago patula Spreading goldenrodSolidago rugosa Tall hairy goldenrodSolidago ?uliginosa Bog goldenrodSonchus species * Sow thistlesSorbaria sorbifolia * False spireaSorbus americana American mountain ashSparganium species Bur-reedsSphenopholis intermedia Slender wedge-grassSpiraea alba var. latifolia Meadow-sweetSpiraea tomentosa SteeplebushStellaria graminea * Common stitchwortStellaria species ChickweedsStreptopus roseus Rose twisted stalkSymphyotrichum lanceolatum Tall white asterSymphyotrichum lateriflorum Calico asterSymphyotrichum novae-angliae New England aster

Quercus montana Chestnut oakQuercus rubra Red oakQuercus velutina Black oakRanunculus abortivus Kidney-leaf crowfootRanunculus hispidus Hispid buttercupRanunculus recurvatus BlisterwortRhamnus cathartica * Common buckthornRhododendron periclymenoides Pinkster-flowerRhododendron ?maximum Great laurelRhododendron viscosum Swamp azaleaRhynchospora alba White beaksedgeRibes americanum American black currantRibes glandulosum Skunk currantRibes cynosbati Wild gooseberryRosa multiflora * Multiflora roseRosa ?virginiana Virginia roseRubus allegheniensis Northern blackberryRubus ?flagellaris Northern dewberryRubus hispidus Swamp dewberryRubus occidentalis Black raspberryRubus odoratus Purple-flowering raspberryRubus pubescens Dwarf raspberryRudbeckia species * Black-eyed SusanRumex acetosella * Sheep sorrelSagittaria ?latifolia Broadleaf arrowheadSalix bebbii Bebb’s willowSalix ?discolor Pussy willowSalix ?humilus Gray willowSalix ?nigra Black willowSalix sericea Silky willowSalix serissima Autumn willowSambucus canadensis Black elderberrySambucus racemosa ssp. pubens Red elderberrySanguinaria canadensis BloodrootSanicula species SaniclesSarracenia purpurea Northern pitcher plantSassafras albidum SassafrasSaxifraga pensylvanica Swamp saxifrageSaxifraga virginiensis Early saxifrage

214

Veronica serpyllifolia * Thyme-leaf speedwellVeronica scutellata Skullcap speedwellViburnum acerifolium Maple-leaf viburnumViburnum dentatum Southern arrow-woodViburnum lantanoides Hobble-bushViburnum lentago NannyberryViburnum opulus var. opulus Guelder-roseViola blanda Sweet white violetViola conspersa American dog-violetViola cucullata Blue marsh violetViola macloskeyi Pale violetViola pubescens Downy yellow violetViola rotundifolia Roundleaf yellow violetViola sagittata Northern downy violetViola sororia Common violetVitis riparia Riverbank grapeVitis species GrapeWoodsia ilvensis Rusty cliff fernWoodsia obtusa Bluntlobe cliff fernZanthoxylum americanum Northern prickly-ashZizia aurea Golden Alexanders

1 Nomenclature follows Flora North America Editorial Committee (1993+) and Mitchell and Tucker (1997)

(?) Denotes a tentative species identification

(*) Denotes species regarded as alien to Connecticut (see Dowhan, 1979) or of doubtful native origin at this siteWildlife Observed at Great Mountain Forest

Symphyotrichum novi-belgii New York asterSymphyotrichum ?prenanthoides Crooked-stem asterSymphyotrichum puniceus Purple-stemmed asterTaraxacum officinale * Common dandelionThalictrum dioicum Early meadow rueThalictrum ?pubescens Tall meadow-rueThalictrum thalictroides Rue anemoneThelypteris noveboracensis New York fernThelypteris palustris Marsh fernThelypteris simulata Bog fernTiarella cordifolia FoamflowerTilia americana BasswoodTorreyochloa pallida var. pallida Pale manna grassToxicodendron radicans Poison ivyToxicodendron vernix Poison sumacTrientalis borealis StarflowerTriadenum species St. Johns wortsTrifolium repens * White cloverTrillium erectum Purple trilliumTrillium undulatum Painted trilliumTsuga canadensis Eastern HemlockTussilago farfara * ColtsfootTypha latifolia Common cat-tailUlmus americana American elmUrtica dioica * Stinging nettleUtricularia species BladderwortsUvularia perfoliata Perfoliate bellwortUvularia sessilifolia Sessile-leaved bellwortVaccinium angustifolium Low bush blueberryVaccinium corymbosum High bush blueberryVaccinium ?oxycoccos Swamp cranberryVaccinium stamineum DeerberryValeriana officinalis * ValerianVeratrum viride False helleboreVerbena ?hastata Blue vervainVeronica americana American speedwellVeronica chamaedrys * Bird’s-eye speedwellVeronica peregrina Purslane-speedwellVeronica officinalis * Speedwell

215

• Raccoon (Procyon lotor)• Fisher (Martes pennati)• Ermine (Mustela erminea)• Long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata)• Mink (Mustela vison)• Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)• River Otter (Lontra canadensis)• Bobcat (Lynx rufus)• White-tailed Deer (Odocoileu virginianus)• Moose (Alces alces)

Perching Birds• Killdeer (Rallus elegans)• Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias)• Mourning Dove (Zenaida macrouro)• Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor)• Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica)• Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris)• Red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus)• Yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)• Downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens)• Hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus)• Three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus)• Northern flicker (Colaptes auratus)• Pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus)• Eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe)• Eastern kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)• Northern shrike (Lanius excubitor)• Red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus)• Yellow-throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons)• Blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata)• American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)• Common raven (Corvus corax)• Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)• Bank swallow (Riparia riparia)• Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica)• Black-capped chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus)• Tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor)• Red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis)• White-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)• Brown creeper (Certhia americana)• House wren (Troglodytes aedon)

Mammals• Opossum (Didelphis virginiana)• Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus)• Water Shrew (Sorex palustris)• Smoky Shrew (Sorex fumeus)• Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda)• Hairy-tailed Mole (Parascalops breweri)• Eastern Mole (Scalopus aquaticus)• Star-nosed Mole (Condylura cristata)• Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus)• Northern Long Eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis)• Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus)• Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis)• Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus)• Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)• Tri-colored Bat (formerly known as Eastern Pipistrelle) (Pipistrellus subflavus)• Eastern Cottontail Rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus)• New England Cottontail Rabbit (Sylvilagus transitionalis)• Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus)• Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus)• Woodchuck (Marmota monax)• Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)• Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)• Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volcans)• Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus)• Beaver (Castor canadensis)• Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)• Meadow Jumping Mouse (Zapus hudsonius)• White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)• Southern Red-backed Vole (Clethrionomys gapperi)• Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus)• Woodland Vole (Micotus pinetorum)• Southern Bob Lemming (Synaptomys cooperi)• Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)• House Mouse (Mus musculus)• Woodland Jumping Mouse (Napaeozapus insignis)• Meadow jumping Mouse (Zapus hudsonius)• Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)• Coyote (Canis latrans)• Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)• Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)• Black Bear (Ursus americanus)

216

• Purple finch (Carpodacus purpureus)• House finch (Carpodacus mexicanus)• Red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra)• American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis)• Evening grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus)• House sparrow (Passer domesticus)• Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)• Eastern Wood Pewee (Contopus virens)• Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)• Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)• Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa)• Blue-headed (Solitary) Vireo

Waterfowl Observed at Great Mountain Forest• Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)• Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens)• Brant (Branta bernicla)• Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)• American Black Duck (Anas americana)• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)• Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors)• Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca)• Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris)• Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola)• Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)• Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)• Common Merganser (Mergus merganser)• Red-breasted Merganser• Common Loon (Gavia immer)• Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps)

Upland Game Birds Observed at Great Mountain For-est• Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus)• Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)• American Woodcock (Scolopax minor)• Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago)

• Winter wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)• Ruby-crowned kinglet (Regulus calendula)• Blue-gray gnatcatcher (Polioptila carulea)• Eastern bluebird (Sialia sialia)• Veery (Catharus fuscescens)• Hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus)• Wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)• American robin (Turdus migratorius)• Gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis)• Northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)• Brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum)• European starling (Sturnus vulgaris)• Cedar waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)• Chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica)• Magnolia warbler (Dendroica magnolia)• Black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens)• Yellow-rumped warbler (Dendroica coronata)• Black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens)• Blackburnian warbler (Dendroica fusca)• Black and white warbler (Mniotilta varia) • Chestnut-sided Warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica)• Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina)• American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)• Ovenbird (Seiurus aucocapillus)• Scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea)• Eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophalmus)• Chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina)• Field sparrow (Spizella pusilla)• Song Sparrow• White-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)• Dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis)• Snow bunting ( Plectrophenax nivalis)• Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)• Rose-breasted grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)• Indigo bunting ( Passerina cyanea)• Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)• Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)• Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula)• Brown-headed cowbird (Molothus ater)• Orchard oriole (Icterus spurious)• Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula)• Pine grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator)

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BRUSH-FOOTS• Great Spangled Fritillary (Speyeria cybele)• Aphrodite Fritillary (Speyeria aphrodite)• Silver-bordered Fritillary (Boloria selene)• Meadow Fritillary (Boloria bellona)• Pearl Crescent (Phyciodes tharos)• Question Mark (Polygonia interrogationis)• Eastern Comma (Polygonia comma)• Compton Tortoiseshell (Nymphalis vau-album)• Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa)• American Lady (Vanessa virginiensis)• Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta)• Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis arthemis)• White Admiral (Limenitis arthemis astyanax)• Northern Pearly Eye (Enodia anthedon)• Appalachian Brown (Satyrodes appalachia) • Little Wood-Satyr (Megisto cymela)• Common Ringlet (Coenonympha tullia)• Common Wood Nymph (Cercyonis pegala)• Monarch (Danaus plexippus)

SPREAD-WING SKIPPERS• Silver-spotted Skipper (Epargyreus clarus)

GRASS SKIPPERS• Least Skipper (Ancyloxpha numitor)• European Skipper (Thymelicus lineola)• Indian Skipper (Hesperia sassacus)• Peck’s Skipper (Polites peckius)• Tawny-edged Skipper (Polites themistocles)• Long Dash (Polites mystic)• Northern Broken Dash (Wallengrenia egeremet)• Little Glassywing (Pompeius verna)• Delaware Skipper (Anatrytone logan)• Hobomok Skipper (Poanes hobomok)• Zabulon Skipper (Poanes zabulon)• Dun Skipper (Euphyes vestris)• Pepper & Salt Skipper (Amblyscirtes hegon)

Birds of Prey Observed at Great Mountain Forest• Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)• Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)• Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus)• Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)• Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)• Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)• Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus)• Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)• American Kestral (Falco sparverius)• Barn Owl (Tyto alba)• Eastern Screech Owl (Otus asio)• Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)• Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca) W.W.J. & E.C.C.• Barred Owl (Strix varia)• Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) D.F.R.• Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus)

The Butterflies Observed at Great Mountain Forest (2004-2009)SWALLOWTAILS• Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes)• Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus)• Canadian Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio canadensis)• Spicebush Swallowtail (Papilio troilus)

WHITES & SULPHURS• Cabbage White (Pieris rapae)• Clouded Sulphur (Colias philodice)• Orange Sulphur (Colias eurytheme)

GOSSAMER-WINGS• Banded Hairtreak (Satyrium calanus)• Striped Hairstreak (Satyrium liparops)• Eastern Tailed Blue (Everes comyntas)• Summer Azure (Celastrina neglecta)

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