Texas InstrumentsA Smart Meter Analysis

Hamilton IgnacioProduct & Application ManagerTexas Instruments South America

19 a 21 de outubro de 2009Hotel Transamérica

São PauloBRASIL

Terminology Review

• Smart Grid

• Smart Meter• AMR - Automated Meter Reading

• AMI – Automated Meter Infrastructure

AMI Basics

• Smart Meter– Two-way gateway, utility to consumer– Metrology– Time-of-use billing, prepayment, net-metering, disconnect…

• Local Area Network (LAN)– Two-way communication, utility-to-smart meter– ISM, PLC modem, Cellular, WiMax…

• Home Area Network (HAN)– Two-way communication inside the home to the provider (likely)

via the smart meter– In-Home Display (IHD), programmable communicating thermostat

(PCT), Demand Response Units (DRU), smart appliances…

A Typical AMI Deployment

AMI solutions and terminology

Wide Area Network(WAN)

Home Area Network(HAN)

Smart Meter

Electricity Meters classes

IV

Main MCU8-bits, 16KB

Energy, RTC, Control, Display

900/868 ISMor PLC, Echelon, (wi)MBus, WiMax, GPRS, RS485

LocalArea

Network

HomeArea

Network

Power

Register/Metrology

Main MCU16-bits, 64KB

Energy, RTC, Control, Display

Main MCU32-bits, 1MB

Energy, RTC, Control, Display

802.15.4/ZSEor 6LoWPAN,Z- Wave, HPSE

Watt-hour “AMR” “Smart”

PowerPower

900/868 ISMor PLC, Echelon, (wi)MBus, WiMax, GPRS, RS485

A Smart Meter

The Spine of for the Smart Grid

• Class 0.2 ANSI/IEC energy counter• Two-way communicating gateway for:

– utility managed local area network (LAN)– consumer managed home area network (HAN)

• Time-based pricing• Demand responsive

• Remote connect• Pre-payment

Metrology Function

• IEC62053, ANSI C12.x compliant energy counter

• Dedicated Embedded Signal Processor (ESP) calculates energy

• <2uA RTC mode

• LCD driver options

• Simple capacitor power supply

3.3VTPS73033

MSP430FE42xA

E-Meter SoC

RTC, LCD

I

V

ESP

LN

UART, SPI

Metrology coupled with application processor

• Growing Utilities requirements

• Growing SW Requirements

• Need for large amount of flash and connectivity

. . .

Wide Area Network• Two-way utility-to-meter

– 868/900MHz ISM– S-FSK, PRIME PLC– OFDM– … other…

– GPRS– WiMAX– Echelon– RS485

. . .

Flexible programmable PLC Solution – Adapting to the evolving standards

• Programmable solution in single F28x (from low end to high end)• Open platform with certified SW components/APIs to customers• PRIME PCL is ready today (PRIME PHY + lowerMAC) • Leave room for application specific customization a nd value add• New SW loads for others standards (G3, S-FSK, Echel on, DALI)• ASIC equivalent footprint: trade-off between MIPS/M EM

Line Driver

TMS320F28xTM

12-bit ADC

PWM out

Receive Filtersurge protector

coupling transformerHV cap

power-line

Flexible PLC SW

Engine

PLC modem implementation on TMS320F28xTM 32-bit MCU - simplified block diagram

12

Three different approaches for RF applications

Application MCU+RF Protocol Processor

Application MCURF Radio

RF Systems-on-Chip

Application

Wireless Protocols

Radio

RF SoC(CC430, CC2430, CC2510, CC1110)

Transceiver(CC1101, CC2500, CC2520)

MSP430(F54xx, F24xx,

F26xx)

Stellaris

MSP430Stellaris

Protocolprocessor(CC2480)

Home Area Network

• Two-way meter-to-home– 802.15.4/ZigBee SE– 6LoWPAN– HomePlug SE PLC

– … other …

– Z-wave– W-Mbus (EN13757-4)

. . .

A complete Smart Meter Solution• Metrology

– All major functions

• Wide Area Network (WAN)– Two-way from utility-to-meter– 868/900MHz ISM

– PLC (SFSK, OFDM, PRIME)

– GSM/GPRS– WiMAX

• Home Area Network (HAN)– Two-way from meter-to-home– ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 SE

– HomePlug SE

– PLC

www.ti.com/metering

MSP430FE42xA

E-Meter SoC

RTC, LCD

LN

1.8V 3.3V

TL3842

Isolated AC/

DC

TPS70251

Dual LDO

CC2530/CC2591

802.15.4 SoC

Radio, MCU, PA/LNA

I

V

ESP

SN65HVD

3082E

RS485

TRF7960

Pre-payment

RFID

CC11xx/CC430

ISM-band SoC

Radio, MCU

Enfora

GSM/GPRS

Enabler III Module

TMS320F28xx

Flexible PLC Modem

32-bit DSP

PGA112

OPA564

Application Processor

Stellaris Cortex M3/

MSP430F54xx

PWM

ADC

Smart Meter Design Priorities

• Sufficient Accuracy• Long operational life ~ 17 years• Secure

• Flexible … future proof … upgradeable• Low total cost

Quality Levels – as demanding as automotive

• Space borne instruments– Can not be serviced

• Military equipment– Documented quality

• Automotive– Zero defects

• Industrial– Extended temp -40oC to +85oC

• Commercial– Low-cost

Automotive versus Metering

• Automotive = 200miles ~ 7k hours• Meter = 17 years ~ 148k hours

…• A meter has a 100x operation life• You can recall a car …• Expensive to roll a truck to million’s homes

What Fails First

• Physical connectors• Electrolytic’s subject to high voltage ripple• PCB soldering• Power semiconductors• Silicon• Embedded design trap

Common Embedded Traps

• Power-supply “brown-out”• Wild software • Crystal failure• Memory corruption

– Updateable firmware …similar to self administered brain surgery

– Do you have a limp mode in ROM?

• Simplicity versus upgradability• Moving target on communication standards

Smart Meters Tomorrow

• Higher integration, System on-Chip (SoC)– Modern architecture “DSL like”, “GSM like”

… application processor + DSP acceleration– 15+ year reliability … automotive like– Higher quality– Reduced cost

• Programmable communication capability– Software defined radio – Ability to meet changing requirements

Live example of a smart Meter

. . .

• Demonstrate key TI components available today for a smart meter solution

• Metrology – Based on the 3-phase MSP430 Meter

board

• 900MHz Wireless Solution– Based on CC430 900MHz RF SoC– Wide Area Network support (WAN)– Wireless Mbus support

• 2.4GHz Wireless Solution– Based on CC2530 2.4GHz

Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 RF SoC– Home Area Network support (HAN)

• Power Line Communication– Based TMS320F28x 32-bit MCU– S-FSK and OFDM – Solutions up to 128kb/s– WAN and HAN support

SMB Demo Setup: two-ways communication

Energy Display

Zigbee Enabled

PLC Modem Terminal –Remote control

MSP430F47197

E-Meter SoC

RTC, LCD

L N

I

V

SD16. . .

TMS320F28xx

Flexible PLC Modem

32-bit MCU

PGA112

OPA564PWM

ADC

CC2530

802.15.4- ZigBee SoC

Radio + MCU

CC430

ISM-band SoC

Radio + MCU

SCI

SPISPI

UART Interface

SCI

TMS320F28xx

Flexible PLC Modem

32-bit MCU

PGA112

OPA564PWM

ADC

USB Interface

SCI/USB

PLC KIT

Smart Meter Board (SMB)

LOAD

PLC SoM

From the meter to the outside world• MSP430 measures energy• Measurement information sent to

wireless Display via the CC2530• Measurement information sent to

remote PLC modem terminal via Power Line with the 32-bit F28x MCU

From the outside world to the meter• New configuration set-up sent to the

meter via power-line (new tariff profile, new parameter..?)

• Impact on measurement and visible change displayed on Energy Display

Future steps:• Future communication upgrade with

900MHz CC430 options• Load demand response