testing hydric soil indicator tf2. red parent material in mlra 145
TRANSCRIPT
Testing Hydric Soil Indicator TF2. Red Parent Material in MLRA 145
Donald Parizek Soil Scientist, USDA-NRCS MLRA 12-6 Soil Survey Office Tolland, Connecticut
USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider.
• MLRA 145-Connecticut Valley Auer Farm, Bloomfield – Evaluated 6 soil pits in red till soils of a woodland soil catena and a wet meadow soil catena
Wadsworth Estate, Middletown – Evaluated 5 Soil pits of a woodland soil catena in Red till soils (Ludlow, Wilbraham and Menlo Series)
Problematic Red Soils
• Color Change Propensity Index (CCPI)
• A value of 30 or less is problematic (Rabenhorst and Parikh, 2000)
• Auer Farm Bw Horizon CCPI = 21.71
• Auer Farm C Horizon CCPI = 17.08
• Wadsworth Estate Bw Horizon = 18.37
• All samples are problematic (Rabenhorst, 2008)
Redox in a Red Soil
• TF2. Red Parent Material. For testing in LRRs • with red parent material. In parent material with hue • of 7.5YR or redder, a layer at least 10 cm (4 inches) • thick with a matrix value and chroma of 4 or less and • 2 percent or more redox depletions and/or redox • concentrations occurring as soft masses and/or • pore linings. The layer is entirely within 30 cm (12 • inches) of the soil surface. The minimum thickness • requirement is 5 cm (2 inches) if the layer is the • mineral surface layer.
TF2. test indicator
F21. New Indicator for testing in SNE
• F21. Red Parent Material. For use in MLRAs 147 and 148 of LRR S and MLRA 127 of LRR N; for testing in all soils derived from red parent materials. A layer derived from red parent materials (see glossary) that is at least 10 cm (4 inches) thick, starting within 25 cm (10 inches) of the soil surface with a hue of 7.5YR or redder. The matrix has a value and chroma greater than 2 and less than or equal to 4. The layer must contain 10 percent or more depletions and/or distinct or prominent redox concentrations occurring as soft masses or pore linings. Redox depletions should differ in color by having:
• Value one or more higher and chroma one or more lower than the matrix,
• Or Value of 4 or more and chroma of 2 or less.
Auer Farm
Soil Temperature, Site 4- A at 30cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Tim
e, G
MT-
04:0
0 11
/4/2
007
8:00
11
/9/2
007
8:00
11
/14/
2007
8:0
0 11
/19/
2007
8:0
0 11
/24/
2007
8:0
0 11
/29/
2007
8:0
0 12
/4/2
007
8:00
12
/9/2
007
8:00
12
/14/
2007
8:0
0 12
/19/
2007
8:0
0 12
/24/
2007
8:0
0 12
/29/
2007
8:0
0 1/
3/20
08 8
:00
1/8/
2008
8:0
0 1/
13/2
008
8:00
1/
18/2
008
8:00
1/
23/2
008
8:00
1/
28/2
008
8:00
2/
2/20
08 8
:00
2/7/
2008
8:0
0 2/
12/2
008
8:00
2/
17/2
008
8:00
2/
22/2
008
8:00
2/
27/2
008
8:00
3/
3/20
08 8
:00
3/8/
2008
8:0
0 3/
13/2
008
8:00
3/
18/2
008
8:00
3/
23/2
008
8:00
3/
28/2
008
8:00
4/
2/20
08 8
:00
4/7/
2008
8:0
0 4/
12/2
008
8:00
4/
17/2
008
8:00
4/
22/2
008
8:00
4/
27/2
008
8:00
5/
2/20
08 8
:00
5/7/
2008
8:0
0 5/
12/2
008
8:00
5/
17/2
008
8:00
5/
22/2
008
8:00
5/
27/2
008
8:00
6/
1/20
08 8
:00
6/6/
2008
8:0
0 6/
11/2
008
8:00
6/
16/2
008
8:00
6/
21/2
008
8:00
6/
26/2
008
8:00
7/
1/20
08 8
:00
7/6/
2008
8:0
0 7/
11/2
008
8:00
Degrees F
Early April Start of Growing Season (Similar results at Wadsworth Estate)
Auer Farm Wet Meadow
Typic Endoaquoll Well # Depth
cm Horizon Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
1 0 -18 Ap, MKSIL 7.5YR 2.5/1
10 %, fine, prominent, 7.5YR 4/6 pore linings
18 - 46 Bg, SIL
7.5YR 5/1
10 %, fine, prominent, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation
46 - 61 2Cd, L 7.5YR 4/3
5 %, medium, prominent, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Water Depth cm Indicators A11. Depleted Below Dark Surface F3. Depleted Matrix F6. Redox Dark Surface TF2 Red Parent Material
positive reaction to alpha,alpha- dipyridyl on 6/4/08, upper 30 cm, Peterson
Auer Farm Wet Meadow
Auer Farm Wet Meadow
Aeric Endoaquept Well # Depth
cm Horizon, Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
2 0 -10 Ap1, SIL 7.5YR 4/3 10 %, fine, prominent, 5YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation
10 - 20 Ap2, GRSIL
7.5YR 4/3 15 %, medium, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation, diffused in the matrix and 2% medium, faint 7.5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion
20 - 36 Bw, SIL 7.5YR 5/3 25 %, medium, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation diffused in the matrix and 10% medium, faint 7.5YR5/2 zones of iron depletion
36 - 56 2Cd, GRSL 5YR 4/3 5%, manganese concentrations, on surface of rock fragments
Indicators TF2 Red Parent Material F21 Red Parent Material positive reaction toalpha,alpha- dipyridyl on 6/4/08, upper 30 cm, Peterson
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
water depth cm
water depth cm
Auer Farm Wet Meadow
Aeric Endoaquept
Well # Depth cm
Horizon, Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
3 0 -20 Ap, SIL 7.5YR 3/2 1 %, fine, prominent, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation
20 - 38 Bw1, SIL 7.5YR 4/4 10 %, medium, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation, diffused in the matrix
38 - 61 Bw2, SIL 7.5YR 4/4 15 %, medium, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation diffused in the matrix and 10% medium, faint 7.5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion
61 - 102 2Cd, GRL 5YR 3/3 2%, fine, distinct, 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation, diffused in the matrix
Indicators TF2 Red Parent Material
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
Series1 F21 Red Parent Material
Auer Farm Woodland
Aquic Dystrudept Well # Depth
cm Horizon, Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
4 0 - 3 A1, SIL 5YR 2.5/1 none
3 - 20 A2, SIL 5YR 3/3 none
20 - 36 Bw1, SIL 7.5YR 4/6 none
36 - 46 Bw2, GR SIL
5YR 4/4 none
46 - 76 Cd1, GRL 5YR 4/4 5%, fine, prominent , 5YR 5/8 masses of iron accumulation and 10% medium distinct 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion diffused in the matrix
76 - 102
Cd2, SIL 5YR 4/3 20%, fine, prominent , 5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation and 30% medium distinct 5YR 6/2 zones of iron depletion diffused in the matrix
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
DA
TE
3/23
/200
6
4/24
/200
6
5/11
/200
6
6/12
/200
6
8/8/
2006
10/3
/200
6
11/6
/200
6
12/1
3/20
06
1/18
/200
7
3/14
/200
7
4/24
/200
7
6/1/
2007
7/17
/200
7
10/1
8/20
07
1/30
/200
7
No Hydric Soil Indicators Present
Auer Farm Woodland
Aeric Endoaquept Well # Depth cm Horizon,
Soil Texture Matrix Color
Redox Features
4-A 0 - 15 Ap, SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none
15 - 41 Bw, SIL 7.5YR 4/4 5%, fine, distinct , 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation and 5% medium, distinct 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion diffused in the matrix
41 - 51 BC, GRL 5YR 4/3 5%, fine, distinct , 7.5YR 5/6 masses of iron accumulation and 5% medium, distinct 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion diffused in the matrix
51 - 102 Cd, GRL 5YR 4/3 None
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0 Indicators TF2 Red Parent Material F21 Red Parent Material
Auer Farm Site 5
Auer Farm Woodland
Aeric Endoaquept Well # Depth
cm Horizon, Soil Texture
Matrix Color
Redox Features
5 0 - 10 Ap1, SIL 7.5YR 4/2 5%, medium, faint , 7.5YR 4/3 masses of iron accumulation and 2% fine, distinct 7.5YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation on ped faces
10 - 18 Ap2, SIL 7.5YR 4/2 15%, fine, prominent , 5YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation
18 - 28 Bw, SIL 7.5YR 5/3 10%, medium, distinct , 10YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation and 5% medium, faint 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion
28 - 54 BC, SIL 5YR 4/4 10%, medium, distinct , 5YR 4/6 masses of iron accumulation and 5% coarse, distinct 5YR 5/2 zones of iron depletion
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
DA
TE
3/23
/200
6
4/24
/200
6
5/11
/200
6
6/12
/200
6
8/8/
2006
10/3
/200
6
11/6
/200
6
12/1
3/20
06
1/18
/200
7
3/14
/200
7
4/24
/200
7
6/1/
2007
7/17
/200
7
10/1
8/20
07
1/30
/200
7 Indicators F3. Depleted Matrix (A horizons) TF2. Red Parent Material F21 Red Parent Material
Remember to Look Very Closely at the A Horizons
• In many instances the A horizon redox features were the determining factor
• A horizons can be recognized as a depleted matrix F3. if they have a value of 4 or more and chroma 2 or less with common or many, distinct or prominent redox concentrations (Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, version 7.0, 2010)
Wadsworth Estate East Wetland
Wadsworth Estate East – 1
Oxyaquic Dystrudept Horizon Depth cm Soil Texture Matrix
Color Redox Color
Redox Type
Redox %
Redox Location
Redox contrast
Oe 0-5 MPM 10YR 2.5/2 None None None None None
Ap 5-23 SIL 7.5YR 3/3 None None None None None
Bw1 23-38 SIL 5YR 4/3 None None None None None
Bw2 38-61 L 5YR 4/3 5 YR 4/4 Concentrations 5% matrix faint
Cd 61-90 FSL 5YR 4/3 7.5YR 4/6 Concentrations 5% matrix Prominent
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
1/23
/200
8
2/23
/200
8
3/23
/200
8
4/23
/200
8
5/23
/200
8
6/23
/200
8
7/23
/200
8
8/23
/200
8
9/23
/200
8
10/2
3/20
08
11/2
3/20
08
12/2
3/20
08
1/23
/200
9
2/23
/200
9
3/23
/200
9
4/23
/200
9
5/23
/200
9
No Hydric Soil Indicators
Wadsworth Estate East -2
Aeric Endoaquept Horizon Depth cm Soil Texture Matrix
Color Redox Color
Redox Type
Redox %
Redox Location
Redox contrast
A1 0-17 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none none none none none
A2 17-33 SL 7.5YR 3/2 10YR 2/1 10YR 2/1
concretions concentrations
2% 2%
Matrix Faint Faint
Bw 33-55 L 5YR 4/3 10YR 2/1 10YR 2/1 5YR 4/4
Concretions Concentrations concentrations
2% 5% 2%
Matrix Prominent Prominent Faint
Cd 55-74+ L 5YR 4/3 10YR 6/2 7.5YR 5/6 5YR 4/4
Depletions concentrations concentrations
2% 2% 2%
matrix Distinct Prominent prominent
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
1/23
/200
8
2/23
/200
8
3/23
/200
8
4/23
/200
8
5/23
/200
8
6/23
/200
8
7/23
/200
8
8/23
/200
8
9/23
/200
8
10/2
3/20
08
11/2
3/20
08
12/2
3/20
08
1/23
/200
9
2/23
/200
9
3/23
/200
9
4/23
/200
9
5/23
/200
9
Hydric Soil Indicators TF2. Red Parent Material, On the line
Does Not Meet F21
Redox Concentrations and Concretions
Wadsworth Estate East-3
Aeric Endoaquept Horizon Depth cm Soil
Texture Matrix Color Redox Color size Redox
Type Redox
% Redox
Location Redox
contrast Ap 0-19 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none none none none none none
Bw1 19-28 SIL 7.5YR 4/3 10YR 2/1 5YR 3/4
fine medium
Concretions concentrations
1% 5 %
matrix Prominent faint
Bw2 28-37 SIL 7.5YR 4/3 7.5YR 4/6 medium concentrations 20% matrix distinct
Cd1 37-55 FSL 5YR 4/4 7.5YR 4/6 10 YR 2/1
Medium fine
concentrations concentrations
10% 1%
matrix coating
distinct prominent
Cd2 55-100 FSL 5YR 4/4 7.5YR 4/6 10 YR 2/1 7.5YR 6/2
Medium Fine medium
concentrations Concentrations depletions
10% 1% 2%
matrix coating matrix
distinct prominent distinct
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0 Hydric Soil Indicators TF2. Red Parent Material
Does Not Meet F21
Wadsworth Estate East-4
Aeric Endoaquept Horizon Depth cm Soil
Texture Matrix Color Redox Color size Redox
Type Redox
% Redox
Location Redox
contrast Ap 0-16 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none none none none none none
Bw1 16-28 SIL 7.5YR 4/4 7.5YR 4 /6 fine concentrations 2% matrix distinct
Bw2 28-45 L 7.5YR 4/3 7.5YR 4/6 7.5YR 4/2
medium concentrations Iron depletions
15% 2%
matrix pore linings
distinct faint
BC 45-68 L 5YR 4/4 7.5YR 4/6 7.5YR 4/2
medium concentrations Iron depletions
15% 2%
matrix pore linings
distinct distinct
Cd2 68-100 GR SL 5YR 4/3 7.5YR 4/6 Medium concentrations 2% matrix prominent
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Hydric Soil Indicators TF2. Red Parent Material
Does Not Meet F21
Wadsworth Estate East-5
Typic Endoaquoll Horizon Depth cm Soil
Texture Matrix Color Redox Color size Redox
Type Redox
% Redox
Location Redox
contrast A1 0-18 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 none none none none none none
A2 18-30 SIL 7.5YR 3/2 5YR 4 /6 10YR 2/1
fine concentrations concretions
2% 1%
matrix prominent
Bg1 30-44 L 7.5YR 4/2 7.5YR 4/4 10YR 2/1
Medium fine
concentrations concretions
5% 1%
matrix distinct
Bg2 44-54 GR L 7.5YR 4/2 7.5YR 4/6 medium concentrations
10% Matrix
prominent
BC 54-92 GR L 5YR 3/3 7.5YR 4/6
Medium
concentrations 10% matrix prominent
Cd 92-100 GR L 5YR 3/3 none
Hydric Soil Indicators A11. Depleted Below Dark Surface (starting @30cm, wavy boundary) TF2. Red Parent Material
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Conclusions
• TF2. Red Parent Material worked consistently at the sites tested in MLRA 145
• F21 was not consistent
• It is very important to make detailed observations in the A Horizons
• Concretions of Iron and Manganese are often present along with soft masses and should be in the user notes.
• Be very carful with your estimates of redox %
Conclusions • Recommendation: study additional sites using
TF2 and F21.
• Need to research Red Sandy Parent Materials next.
• Thank you to all that helped out on these projects over the years including folks from: NRCS,USACOE, SSSSNE, URI, UMASS, UCONN, University of Maryland, Auer Farm, City of Middletown, and the New England Hydric Soils Technical Committee.
Questions?